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WASH Conference MAY 2011,[object Object],Alternatives to Public Sector Financing Looking Beyond Centralised Service Delivery,[object Object],Larry James,[object Object],Skyjuice Foundation,[object Object],May  2011,[object Object],Skyjuice Foundation,[object Object],pure water for every child,[object Object],Larry James –  WASH Brisbane May 2011.,[object Object]
Concept to help fulfill the Millennium Development Goals (G7) Time to think outside the box and explore new paradigms ?,[object Object],Starting point,[object Object],The broader need for action,[object Object],Utilizeproven filtration systems for sustainable, suitable water solutions but “value engineer”,[object Object],[object Object]
1.1 billion people are currently without access to clean drinking water, growing to 2.3 billion by 2015Water treatment,[object Object],Membrane technology,[object Object]
Presentation overview,[object Object],Global issue of safe affordable potable water & sanitation,[object Object],Why we need a realistic plan for the provision of safe drinking water…i.e., closing the gap between rich and poor,[object Object],Lack of safe water = poverty,[object Object],Where is the real need – “Bottom of  the Pyramid”,[object Object],Challenges and where do we start,[object Object],Concept solutions where new technologies ,[object Object],    are being utilised,[object Object],Applications and some case studies of,[object Object],   for cost and delievery options,[object Object]
An urgent ethical and moral issue of  global proportions,[object Object],Over 1.1 billion people in the world using potentially unsafe water supplies. ,[object Object],This requires establishing new  water supply services for about 375,000 people each day until 2015.,[object Object],Centralized water & wastewater solutions have proven too expensive and cannot hope to address  the issue.,[object Object],Is there a role for safe, reliable & simple decentralised solutions ?,[object Object]
The “Bottom of the Pyramid” – The next 4 Billion,[object Object],Source: World Resouces Institute, ,[object Object],Published 2007,[object Object]
Alternatives to Public Sector Financing Looking Beyond Centralised Service Delivery
1,[object Object],2,[object Object],3,[object Object],4,[object Object],Lets examine the “cost” issue from a new perspective ,[object Object],Decentralised Low cost potable water and sanitation solutions need to support people in remote areas as well as  peri-urban regions,[object Object],Implement suitable but low-cost technology ,[object Object],Emergency short term can become medium term,[object Object],Sustainable design suitable for community ownership ,[object Object],models & Safe Water Enterprise (SWE’s) micro finance,[object Object],Plant has to be simple to operate and proven reliable,[object Object],Cost & Pricing Challenges,[object Object]
The case for centralised networks,[object Object],ADVANTAGES,[object Object],Controlled and regulated CAPEX expenditure.,[object Object],High level of public safety and integrity.,[object Object],Uniform service outcomes for all.,[object Object],Regulated supply and “hygienic”,[object Object],Revenue stream can be captured the assist with ongoing operations.,[object Object],“trusted” outputs and delivered free,[object Object],Lends itself to government( utility) control regulation and management.,[object Object],DISADVANTAGES,[object Object],Delays in donor funding and access to donor funds, donor obligations,[object Object],Ability of user to pay and collection of revenue from customer base.,[object Object],Allocations of treatment cost vs. pipes i.e., 80/20 % expenditure split,[object Object],Lengthy period for approval, construction and commissioning.,[object Object],Most solutions are site specific and application specific. ,[object Object],Allocation of headworks/connection fees and ongoing cost and consumption fees,[object Object],Vandalism, Water theft and operability.,[object Object]
Objectives for an affordable Safe Water Enterprise potable water system- “wish list”,[object Object],[object Object]
 Can offer “disinfection” capability
 Low capital cost – affordable on a per capita basis
 More importantly must have a  low operating cost
 Simple to operate and maintain
 Preferably use no power for processing/filtration
 No chemicals coagulants required
 No backwash with toxics, spent chemicals
 Lightweight, preferably rugged construction
 Preferably could be manufactured in developing countries
 Long service life no need for consumables or service backup
 Low skills required for operation
 Does not require automation and controls (manual operation)
 Could be relocated and redeployed (non civil based solution),[object Object]
Typical Costs for Potable SWE’s,[object Object],Small village installations range from as low as US $5000. However, it is not unusual for more substantial installations to cost upwards of USD $100,000. Some systems are supplying 20 litres of “safe” water daily for < $1 USD PA.,[object Object]
Small Water Enterprises- Decentralised Potable water,[object Object]
Examples of distributed decentralised solutions :Skyhydrant,[object Object],Low cost, lightweight housing, 18 kg,[object Object],No power required. Gravity fed and manual “spin” backwash. (no liquid or air),[object Object],Uses oxidant tolerant module PvdF,[object Object],Single ended “dead end” filtration,[object Object],Flow is water quality dependant (500 to1000 liters per hour),[object Object],Designed to supply 500 -1000 people per day per membrane module,[object Object],Most surface water supplies can be used (non brackish) . No pretreatment required,[object Object],Scalable design for larger capacities,[object Object],Targets “critical” W.H.O. parameters ,[object Object],SkyHydrant is a patented device,[object Object]
Alternatives to Public Sector Financing Looking Beyond Centralised Service Delivery
2   Crisis, Emergency & Disaster : Skyhydrant emergency supply,[object Object]
SkyTower project for ASIAWATER India – May 2009,[object Object],70 schools 2009-2010,[object Object],Cambodia,[object Object],Laos,[object Object],India,[object Object]
SkyTower self assembly – shipped in kit form (4 hours),[object Object],START,[object Object],FINISH,[object Object]
6  AQUHUB - packaged micro financed community water,[object Object]
Slide prepared courtesy of David Maina- Pureflow Kenya,[object Object]
Slide prepared courtesy of David Maina- Pureflow Kenya,[object Object]

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Alternatives to Public Sector Financing Looking Beyond Centralised Service Delivery