1. PMR Science
Seminar
by Miss Wong Sook Yen
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2. FORM 1 Science
1) Introduction to Science
2) Cell as a Unit of Life
3) Matter
4) The Variety of Resources on Earth
5) The Air around Us
6) Sources of Energy
7) Heat
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3. FORM 2 Science
1) The World through Our Senses
2) Nutrition
3) Biodiversity
4) Interdependence among Living Organisms
and the Environment
5) Water and Solution
6) Air Pressure
7) Dynamics
8) Support and Movement
9) Stability
10)Simple Machines
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4. FORM 3 Science
1) Respiration
2) Blood Circulation and Transport
3) Excretion
4) Reproduction
5) Growth
6) Land and Its Resouces
7) Electricity
8) Generation of Electricity
9) Stars and Galaxies
10)Space Exploration
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5. Form 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Science
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7. 1.2 A Science Laboratory
a) Safety and Precaution rules
b) Identify apparatus
c) Functions of apparatus
d) Bunsen burner
e) Hazard warning symbols
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9. Laboratory Apparatus
Make sure you are
able to identify
different apparatus
and give their
functions
Know the
differences between
measuring cylinder,
pipette and burette
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10. Using a Bunsen Burner
Parts of a Bunsen Burner
Types of flame
Comparison between luminous
and non-luminous flame
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11. Hazards Warning Symbols
Identify different
hazard symbols
Give examples for
each types of hazard
symbols
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12. 1.3 The Steps in
Scientific Investigation
1) Identifying
the problem
2) Forming a
hypothesis
3) Planning an
experiment
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13. 1.3 The Steps in
Scientific Investigation
4) Controlling
the variable
5) Collecting
data
6) Analyzing
data
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14. 1.3 The Steps in
Scientific Investigation
7) Interpreting
data
8) Making a
conclusion
9) Writing a
report
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15. 1.3 The Steps in
Scientific Investigation
Pendulum experiment
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16. 1.4 Physical Quantities
and Their Units
SI unit for
temperature is Kelvin,
not Celcius
Know related
measuring tools
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17. 1.5 The Use of
Measuring Tools
a) Measuring length
b) Measuring diameter
c) Measuring area
d) Measuring volume
e) Measuring temperature
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18. Measuring lengths
Length of a curve
Correct eye position to
avoid parallax error
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23. 1.6 Weight and Mass
Differences between
weight and mass
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24. Form 1
Chapter 2
Cells as a Unit of Life
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25. 2.1 What is a Cell?
a) Parts of a Microscope
b) Using a Microscope
c) Structure and functions of
animal cells
plant cells
d) Comparison between animal
cells and plant cells
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26. Parts of a Microscope
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29. 2.2 Unicellular and
Multicellular Organisms
a) Identify and classify
Unicellular organisms
Multicellular organisms
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30. 2.3 Cell Organisation in the
Human Body
a) Types and functions of
Epithelial cells
Nerve cells
Sperm
Ovum
Red blood cells
White blood cells
b) Organisation of cells
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organism
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35. 3.1 What is matter?
a) Matter – anything that has
mass and occupies space.
b) Experiment
Air occupies space
Air has mass
Water occupies space
Water has mass
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36. 3.2 The States of Matter
a) Matter is made up of
________.
b) Three states of matter
c) Comparison between solid, liquid
and gas
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38. 3.3 The Concept of Density
a) Calculation of density
b) Relationship between buoyancy
and density
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39. 3.4 Properties of Matter and Their
Application in Everyday Life
a) Application of compressed gas
b) Application of concept of
density
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41. Form 1
Chapter 4
The Variety of Resources on Earth
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42. 4.1 The Various
Resources on Earth
Importance of natural resources
Water
Air
Soil
Minerals
Fossil fuels
Living things
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44. 4.2 Elements, Compounds and
Mixtures
a) Identify and Recognize
Elements, Compounds and
Mixtures
b) Comparison of Metal and
Non-metals
c) Comparison between
Compounds and Mixtures
d) Methods of Separation of
Mixtures Templates
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46. 4.2 Methods of
Separation for Mixtures
a) Evaporation
b) Magnet
c) Separating funnel
d) Filtration
e) Distillation
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47. 4.3 Appreciating
the Importance of
Earth’s Resources
a) Preservation of resources
b) Conservation of resources
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48. Form 1
Chapter 5
The Air Around Us
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49. 5.1 The Composition of Air
a) Composition of air
b) Composition of inhaled and
exhaled air
c) Experiment showing the
percentage of oxygen in air
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50. 5.2 The Properties of
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Comparison between
Colour and Smell
Solubility in water
Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide
Solubility in alkaline pyrogallol solution
Test for the presence of gases
Effect on litmus paper
Effect on hydrogen carbonate indicator
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51. 5.3 Oxygen is Needed
for Respiration
a) Understanding of Respiration
b) Properties of Inhaled air and
exhaled air
c) Experiment
Showing that oxygen is
required for respiration
Showing that carbon dioxide
is produced during
respiration
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52. 5.4 Oxygen is Needed
for Combustion
a) Conditions of Combustion
b) Combustion of carbon
c) Combustion of hydrocarbon
d) Experiment showing that
oxygen supports combustion
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53. 5.5 Air Pollution
5.6 The Importance of Keeping
Air Clean
a) Examples of air pollutants
b) Sources and effects of air
pollutants
c) Prevention and Control of air
pollution
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54. Form 1
Chapter 6
Sources of Energy
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55. 6.1 The Various Forms and
Sources of Energy
a) 8 Forms of energy
b) Conversion of energy
c) 8 Sources of energy
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57. 6.1 The Various Forms and
Sources of Energy
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58. 6.2 Renewable and
Non-renewable energy
a) Classification of various
energy sources
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59. 6.3 The Importance of
Conserving Energy Sources
a) Why do we have to conserve
energy sources
b) Methods to conserve energy
c) Alternative energy
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61. 7.1 Heat as a Form of Energy
a) Differences between heat and
temperature
b) Experiment showing the
differences between heat and
temperature
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62. 7.2 The Effects of Heat Flow on
Matter
a) Expansion and Contraction of Matter
b) Experiment of contraction and
expansion of
Solid
Liquid
Gas
c) Methods of heat transfer
Conduction (experiment)
Convection
Radiation
d) Application of heat transfer
e) Heat Powerpoint Templatesheat insulatorsPage 62
Free
conductors and
68. 7.4 Application of Expansion
and Contraction of Matter
a) Thermometers
b) Bimetallic thermometers
c) Rivets
d) Wheel axles
e) Fire alarms
f) Electric irons
g) Railway tracks
h) Electrical cables
i) Pipes
j) Metal bridges
k) Concrete road surfaces
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76. 1.2 The Sense of Touch
a) Location and
functions of receptors
b) Factors affecting
sensitivity of skin
c) Braille Reading
system for the Blinds
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77. 1.3 The Sense of
Smell
a) Structures and Functions
of the Nose
b) Sensory pathways for
smell
c) Explain why a person who
has a runny nose is
unable to detect smells
clearly.
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78. 1.4 The Sense of Taste
a) Structures and Functions of
the Tongue
b) Sensory Pathways for Taste
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79. 1.5 The Sense of Hearing
a) Structures and Functions
of the Ear
b) The Hearing mechanism
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80. 1.6 The Sense of Sight
a) Structure and
Functions of the
Eye
b) Formation of
Image on the
retina
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81. 1.6 Formation of Image
on the Retina
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82. 1.7 Light and Sight
a) Reflection of Light and its Applications
b) Refraction of Light
Light Rays diagram for refraction of light
Phenomena of the refraction of light
c) Vision defects and its corrections
Short-sightedness
Long-sightedness
d) Limitations of sight
Blind spot
Optical illusion
e) Types of vision
Stereoscopic
Monocular
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87. 1.8 Sound and Hearing
a) Experiment showing that
sound require medium for
transfer
b) Materials used as sound
reflectors and sound
absorbers
c) Hearing defects and hearing
aids
d) Limitations on hearing – old
people
e) Characteristics of
stereophonic hearing
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92. 2.1 Classes of Food
a) 7 Classes of Food
Examples
Roles and Functions
b) Food tests for the presence
of
Starch - __________
Glucose - _________
Proteins - _________
Fats - ___________
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93. 2.2 The Importance of
Balanced Diet
a) Factors that
determines a
balanced diet
b) Calorific value of
food - Calculations
c) Planning a
balanced diet
meal plan
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94. 2.3 Human Digestive
System
a) Structures and Functions of
Digestive Organs
b) Pathway of food movement along
the alimentary canal
c) Chemical Digestion of
Carbohydrates – Starch
Protein
Fats
d) End Products of Digestion
Glucose
Amino acids
Fatty acids and glycerols
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95. 2.4 Absorption of
Digested Food
a) Location for food absorption
b) Structural adaptations of villi for
maximum rate of absorption
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96. 2.5 Reabsorption of Water
and Defecation
a) Location of food reabsorption
Types of food being reabsorbed
Types of remaining food
b) Defecation
c) Constipation – Causes and
Solutions
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97. 2.6 Healthy Eating Habits
a) Location of food reabsorption
Types of food being reabsorbed
Types of remaining food
b) Defecation
c) Constipation – Causes and
Solutions
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99. 3.1 Biodiversity of Living
Organisms
a) Habitats
b) Classifications of Living Organisms
Animals
Plants
c) Classification of Animals
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
d) Classification of Plants
Flowering
Non-flowering
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100. 3.3 The Importance of
Biodiversity to the
Environment
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101. Form 2
Chapter 4
Interdependence among Living
Organisms and Environment
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102. 4.1 Interdependence among
Living Organisms
a) Know the relationships between
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
b) Identify living and non-living
components of an environment
c) Importance of maintaining a
balanced ecosystem
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103. 4.2 Interaction between
living organisms
Be able to define and recognize
different types of interactions
between living things
a) Competition
Inter-species
Intra-species
b) Symbiosis
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
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Prey-predator Page 103
105. 4.3 Food Webs
a) Based on a food web, be able to
identify
Producer
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Decomposers
b) Converting food web into pyramid
of numbers
c) Predict the changes in the
numbers of organisms
d) Energy flow in a food web Page 105
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108. 4.4 Photosynthesis
a) Writing word equation
b) Requirements of photosynthesis
c) Experiment – Test for the
presence of starch in leaves
d) Importance of photosynthesis
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110. 4.5 Conservation and
Preservation of Organisms
a) Three R’s – Recycle, Reuse,
Reduce
b) Education
c) Enforcement of Laws
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111. 4.6 Role of Human Beings
in Maintaining the Balance
of the Nature
a) Reforestation
b) Sustainable management of
natural resources
c) Three R’s
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112. Form 2
Chapter 5
Water and Solution
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113. 5.1 Physical Characteristics
of Water
a) Freezing and Melting of water
b) Boiling of water
c) Effects of impurities on
Melting and Boling points
Density
Conduction of electricity
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114. 5.2 Composition of Water
a) Water as a compound
Hydrogen
Oxygen
b) Electrolysis of water
i. Aim
ii. Experimental set up
iii. Products of electrolysis at
Anode
Cathode
iv. Ratio of products of electrolysis of
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water Page 114
115. 5.3 Evaporation of water
a) Process of evaporation
b) Factors affecting the rate of
evaporation of water
Air humidity
Surrounding temperature
Surface area exposed to air
Movement of air (wind)
c) Applications of evaporation
Drying
Food preservations
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116. 5.4 Solution and Solubility
a) Identify Solute, Solvent and Solution
b) Comparing dilute, concentrated and
saturated solutions
c) Ways to Dissolve undissolved solutes
in a saturated solution
d) Experiment - Comparing solution and
suspension
e) Factors affecting the solubility of a
solute
f) Functions of various organic solvents
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118. 5.5 Acid and Alkali
a) Identify acids and alkalis
b) Characteristics of acids and
alkalis
c) Application of acids and alkalis
d) Neutralisation
Mixing solutions of different pH to
get neutral solution
Changes in colour of acid-base
indicator
Write chemical equation
Determine the end-point of Page 118
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120. 5.6 Water Purification
a) Natural sources of water
b) Compare and contrast Methods
of water purification
Filtration
Boiling
Chlorination
Distillation
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121. 5.7 Water Supply System
a) Water purification/treatment
Screening
Coagulation
Sedimentation
Filtration
Chlorination
Storage
Distribution
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122. 5.8 Preservation of Water
Quality
a) Sources and effects of water
pollutants
Industrial
Domestic
Agricultural
Siltation
Oil spills
b) Controlling water pollution
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123. Form 2
Chapter 6
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Air Pressure
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124. 6.1 Air Pressure
a) Formation of air pressure
b) Experiment showing that air
exerts pressure
c) Factors affecting air pressure
Volume
Temperature
d) Experiment showing the
increase/decrease in air pressure
when volume/ temperature
change Templates
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126. 6.2 Application of the
Principle of Air Pressure
a) Identify location of high pressure
and low pressure in
Syringe
Rubber hook
Bicycle pump
Plunger
Pipette/rubber dropper
Drinking straw – with/without holes
Siphon
Spray pump/aerosol can
b) Storing Gas under High Pressure
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129. 7.1 Force
a) Definition of force
b) Types of forces
Frictional
Gravitational
Electrostatic
Magnetic
c) Effects of forces
Shape
Motion
Direction
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130. 7.2 Measurement of Force
a) SI unit of force – Newton (N)
b) Conversion of Mass to Newton
c) Measuring device – Spring
balance
d) Experiment measuring the
magnitude of force
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131. 7.3 Application of Frictional Force
a) Existence of Frictional
force in daily activities
b) Characteristics of
Frictional force
c) Advantages/
Disadvantages of
friction
d) Ways to
increase/decrease
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132. 7.4 Application of Work
a) Definition of work done
b) Identify work done
c) SI unit of work done
d) Calculation of work done
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133. 7.5 Application of Power
a) Definition of power
b) SI unit of power
c) Calculation of power
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135. Form 2
Chapter 8
Support and
Movement
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136. 8.1 Support Systems in
Animals
a) Characteristics of 3 types of support
systems
b) Classification of
Endoskeleton
Exoskeleton
Hydrostatic skeleton
c) Recognize various parts of the Human
Skeletal System
d) Compare and contrast support system of
terrestial and aquatic animals
e) Compare and contrast exoskeleton and
hydrostatic skeleton of invertebrates
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139. 8.2 Support Systems in Plants
a) Characteristics of support system of
terrestrial plants
b) Classification of support system of
terrestrial plants
Woody
Herbaceous
c) Compare and contrast support system of
woody and herbaceous plants
d) Characteristics of support system of
aquatic plants
e) Compare and contrast support system of
terrestrial and aquatic plants
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f) Special adaptations Page 139
143. 9.1 Stability
a) Determine the centre of
gravity/point of equilibrium of an
object
b) Factors affecting the stability of
an object
Base area
Level of centre of gravity
Mass
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146. 9.2 Importance of Stability
a) Ways to improve
stability of certain
objects/design
Increasing base area
Lowering centre of
gravity
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148. 10.1 Levers
a) Identify
Fulcrum
Load
Effort
b) Identify 3 types of levers
c) Compare and contrast 3 types of
levers
d) Ways to overcome larger loads
using the principle of levers
e) Solving problems related to levers
using the principles of moments
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