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1
JMB : Scaling Wireless
Capacity with User Demands
浅見・川原研 B4
山本啓太
Hariharan Rahul, Swarun Kumar and Dina Katabi(MIT)
Sigcomm2012
2
outline
• 背景と提案
- what is JMB
• 実現にあたっての問題点とその解決法
- problem & solution
• 実装 how to control
• 実験結果 results
• まとめ conclusion
3
outline
• 背景と提案
- what is JMB
• 実現にあたっての問題点とその解決法
- problem & solution
• 実装 how to control
• 実験結果 results
• まとめ conclusion
4
背景
• 無線APのネットワーク容量は必ずしも十分ではない
- iphone4 keynote (2010/6/7)
Jobs : " If you on wifi, you can just get off. I appreciate.”
5
容量を増やす
• Multi-User-MIMO(multi input multi output)
MIMO
(802.11n 2009年9月~)
線を増やして速くする
MU-MIMO
(802.11ac~?)
線を増やして同時に送る
6
JMB(Joint Multi-user Beamforming)
• 利用可能なストリーム数が増え、複数のクライアント
が同時に通信できる
• 通信の信頼性が上がり、低いSN比でも復調が可能
になる
• APを増やしてネットワーク容量を自由に拡張できる
7
outline
• 背景と提案
- what is JMB
• 実現にあたっての問題点とその解決法
- problem & solution
• 実装 how to control
• 実験結果 results
• まとめ conclusion
8
必要な準備
1 AP同士に周波数差があるので位相を補正
2 APとクライアント間に周波数差があるので補正
3 伝送路特性(チャネル行列)を調べる
9
周波数誤差がなければ
10
実際は
→ これを逐一調べていては通信どころではない!
11
行列を分解する
12
分解した結果
新たに増えた送信側の演算T(t)-1
受信側の演算R(t)-1
T1以外のAP(SlaveAP)につい
て、T1(LeadAP)との位相差を
知ってればいい
それぞれのクライアントが、T1
(LeadAP)との周波数差を
知っていればいい
-1
-1
13
outline
• 背景と提案
- what is JMB
• 実現にあたっての問題点とその解決法
- problem & solution
• 実装 how to control
• 実験結果 results
• まとめ conclusion
14
実装(チャネル測定フェイズ)
SYNC Header ... AP間のチャネルを求める→動的に位相差算出
CFO Est. ... AP-Client間の周波数差を求める
Chan. Est. ... 伝送路特性行列を求める
・同時に送信すると干渉するので、ずらして送信する
・これを数百msに一回送る
15
実装(パケット送信フェイズ)
• イーサネットを通してデータを割り振る
• 送信AP同士の位相差を、測定したチャネルから演算
で直接求める
– hlead-slave(t) = hlead-slave(0)*ej(ωTlead-ωTslave)t
パケット毎に測定 測定信号での値
16
outline
• 背景と提案
- what is JMB
• 実現にあたっての問題点とその解決法
- problem & solution
• 実装 how to control
• 実験と結果 results
• まとめ conclusion
17
実験詳細
・AP、client共にUSRP2ボードを使った
・10MHzチャンネルを2.4GHzで使い、OFDMをGNUradioで出
した。BPSK,4QAM,16QAM,64QAMを使った。
・AP同士の制御はラグを防ぐためCで直接USRPを動かした
APやclientの場所
はランダムで決定
18
結果
ストリーム数が増えたことによる
ネットワーク容量の増加
送信アンテナが増えたことによる
通信の信頼性の増加
19
まとめ
• APを増やすことでネットワーク容量を増やすことが
できるというシステムを作った
• LeadAP、SlaveAPという区別をすることで、周波数
オフセットの計算量を減らすことができた
• 正確に位相差をもとめることで、複数の発振器が存
在していてもそれらを連動制御できることを実証した。
• 素朴な発想を実現するために物凄い試行錯誤した感じがよ
く伝わってくる論文でした。
20
ご静聴ありがとうございました。
21
SN比による線形性の違い
低いSN比では、スループットゲインが少し悪くなる。x9.3→x8.4
22
送信機の位相差によるSN比の減少
送信機2つの位相差が0.35radあるだけでSN比は20dB→12dB
まで下がる(理論値)。送信機同士の周波数差は致命的な問題。
(例えば100Hz差でπずれるまで、たったの20ms)
23
送信機の位相誤差の抑制
2つの送信機をJMBでシンクロさせ、受信側から観測した時の両
送信機の位相差。95%が0.05rad以下の誤差に抑えられている。
24
802.11nでJMB
・シンクロヘッダをレガシーシンボル
(使ってない部分)に埋め込む
・チャネル推定にはCSIフィードバッ
クを使う
結果
2APで1.8倍のスループット
25
CSIフィードバック
サウンディングパケットのプリアンブル(頭パケ)で伝送路を推定、
フィードバックをCSMA/CA(搬送波感知多重衝突回避方式)で送る
26
スループット増加の理論値
27
ストリーム数増加による干渉
ストリームが一本増えるとSN比がおよそ0.13dB減る
28
速度を増やす
・チャネルボンディング →
周波数帯を太くする
←256QAM
信号の区別を細かくする
29
伝送路推定の結果(SNR)と理論上の符号誤り率から、OFDMで
実はチャネルごとに違ってしまうSNRから実効SNRを算出する
30
周波数オフセット推定
同じシンボルを二つ送って、シンボル同士の位相差をみ
てやればいい(遅延相関)
31
チャネル推定
全部を調べるのでなく、ある程度調べて補完する

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