TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition by Stewart C...
Phyllostomidae and the evolution of diet
1. Curriculum vitae
• Fieldwork
• Labwork:
The world evolutionary radiation of the
cosmopolitan genus Myotis : biogeographic and
temporal origins (M 2)
Phyllostomidae and the evolution of diet (M 1)
2. Phyllostomidae and the
evolution of diet
Phylogeny & evolution of bats:
evolution of diet
Presented by : Yann Gager
Supervised by : Emmanuel Douzery
5. Phyllostomidae
• Leaf-nosed bats from the New World
• ~ 160 species described (55 genus) :
More than 10% of Bats =
2nd Order in number of species after Rodents
6. Phyllostomidae
• Leaf-nosed bats from the New World
• ~ 160 species described (55 genus) :
More than 10% of Bats =
2nd Order in number of species after Rodents
• Great diversity of life-history traits :
Family of Mammals with the biggest number
of diet
11. Goals of the study
Phyllostomidae and the evolution of diet
12. Goals of the study
• Reliable phylogenetic tree:
important sampling of species
and molecular data
13. Goals of the study
• Reliable phylogenetic tree:
important sampling of species
and molecular data
• Preliminary to the study of the evolution of
dietdiet
16. Samplings
• 120 species + 3 outgroups
• Compilation & concatenation of genes* :
Supermatrix of 6883 aligned nucleotides
*( GenBank )
17. Samplings
• 120 species + 3 outgroups
• Compilation & concatenation of genes* :
Supermatrix of 6883 aligned nucleotides
12S 16S CO1 CYB RAG-2
*( GenBank )
12S 16S CO1 CYB RAG-2
Species 1 X ? X ? X
Species 2 X X X X X
Species 3 X X X ? X
Species n X X X X X
24. Evolution of diet
• Function ACE with APE (R) :
Ancestral Character Estimation
Species 1
Species 2
?
Species 3
?
25. Evolution of diet
• Function ACE with APE (R) :
Ancestral Character Estimation
• Probabilistic model of estimation of the
speed of change of the diet character state
26. Evolution of diet
• Function ACE with APE (R) :
Ancestral Character Estimation
• Probabilistic model of estimation of the
speed of change of the diet character state
Species 1
Species 2
Species 3
27. Evolution of diet
• Function ACE with APE (R) :
Ancestral Character Estimation
• Probabilistic model of estimation of the
speed of change of the diet character state
all changes different
28. Evolution of diet
• Function ACE with APE (R) :
Ancestral Character Estimation
• Probabilistic model of estimation of the
speed of change of the diet character state
all changes different
Phytophagy Omnivory Animalivory
Phytophagy NA R1 R2
Omnivory R3 NA R4
Animalivory R5 R6 NA
42. Prospects
• Well supported phylogenies:
Working basis for numerous research on bats!
Life-history
traits
Artibeus sp.
43. Prospects
• Well supported phylogenies:
Working basis for numerous research on bats!
Systematics
Cistugo sp.
44. Prospects
• Well supported phylogenies:
Working basis for numerous research on bats!
Biogeography
Myotis spp.
45. Prospects
• Well supported phylogenies:
Working basis for numerous research on bats!
Conservation
Craseonycteris thonglongyai
46. Acknowledgments
• Team Molecular phylogeny and Evolution:
E. Douzery, F. Botero, M. Ballenghien, P.
Gayral, C. Delsol
• Funding: ANR Mitosys 2006-2010
• Presentation design: M. David• Presentation design: M. David
51. General Time Reversible ( GTR )
A C G T
A - a∏C b∏G c∏T
C a∏A - d∏G e∏T
• Base frequencies ∏, substitution rates (from a
to f) and branch lengths
G b∏A d∏C - f∏T
T c∏A e∏C f∏G -
52. • Nucleotide model of evolution
• General Time Reversible (GTR) with a gamma
distribution of rate variation (Γ) and a
proportion of invariant sites (INV)
General Time Reversible + Γ + INV
proportion of invariant sites (INV)
53. Evolution of diet
• Matrix of rates of change of trophic level state
Phytophagy Omnivory Animalivory
Phytophagy NA 2,50 0
Omnivory 0,71 NA 0,69
Animalivory 0 0 NA
54. Rate change of trophic level
• ER = Equal rates
• SR = Synonym rates
Phytophagy Omnivory Animalivory
Phytophagy NA R1 R1
Omnivory R1 NA R1
Animalivory R1 R1 NA
Phytophagy Omnivory Animalivory
• ARD =
All rates
different
Phytophagy Omnivory Animalivory
Phytophagy NA R1 R2
Omnivory R1 NA R3
Animalivory R2 R3 NA
Phytophagy Omnivory Animalivory
Phytophagy NA R1 R2
Omnivory R3 NA R4
Animalivory R5 R6 NA