The document summarizes research on using laser cladding to produce an in-situ TiC-Fe composite coating on mild steel. Key findings include: 1) High quality coatings with complete metallurgical bonding between the clad and substrate were produced without porosity or cracks by optimizing laser processing parameters like power, scan speed, and powder feed rate. 2) The microstructure and TiC morphology within the clad layer could be controlled by varying the processing conditions. 3) Future work is proposed to further optimize the process parameters, coating compositions, and investigate the relationship between microstructure and wear resistance properties.

3. Matrix Hard particles Introduction Hard facing Methods Coating Heat Treatment Carburizing Composite coating Metal matrix Bronizing Ceramic coating

5. Laser cladding (dynamic blow) D P D L Introduction

6. Introduction Laser Cladding to produce composite coating In-Situ Process Direct Adding carbide (ex-situ)

16. Ti/C ratio Experimental approach

17. No bond or clad Clad-No bond Clad with partial bond High quality Clad Results and discussion Table of Results No Power W Scan speed mm/s Feed rate g/min 1 250 2 8 2 250 4 8 3 250 6 8 4 400 2 8 5 400 4 8 6 400 6 8 7 650 2 8 8 650 4 8 9 650 6 8 10 650 8 8 11 650 10 8 12 650 12 8 13 650 16 8 No Power W Scan speed mm/s Feed rate g/min 14 700 6 8 15 700 6 4 16 800 6 8 17 800 6 4 18 800 2 8 19 800 3 8 20 800 4 4 21 900 6 8 22 900 8 8 23 900 6 4 24 900 8 4 25 900 4 4 26 1000 4 4

18. Results and discussion

19. High quality limit

20. Un-bonded clad microstructure Fe Matrix TiC Cross section Results and discussion

21. Un-bonded clad Results and discussion Region Ti conc. (wt%) Fe conc. (wt%) Dark grey particles 95.2 4.8 Region 1 8.7 91.3 Region 2 16.5 83.5

22. Bonded clad Microstructure Fe Matrix TiC Results and discussion

23. Bonded clad Graphite C TiC Longitudinal section Results and discussion

24. Results and discussion

25. Clad Substrate Results and discussion

26. Increasing the scan speed 2 mm/sec 12 mm/sec 10 mm/sec 8 mm/sec 6 mm/sec 4 mm/sec Clad Bottom Clad Bottom Clad Bottom Clad Bottom Clad Bottom Clad Bottom Laser power 900 Powder feed rate 4g/min Results and discussion

27. 2 mm/sec Increasing the scan speed Clad Top 4 mm/sec 6 mm/sec 8 mm/sec 12 mm/sec 10 mm/sec Clad Top Clad Top Clad Top Clad Top Clad Top Results and discussion Laser power 900 Powder feed rate 4g/min

28. Ternary phase diagram 2200C 2400C Results and discussion

30. Fe Ti C C Ti Increasing the temperature TiC Results and discussion

33. Future work Process control TiC morphology and microstructure Wear behaviour study Future work

34. Process control High quality bonding and clad area Different microstructure and TiC morphology Different scan speed 1 2 3 4 Future work

35. Wear investigation 1 2 3 4 n Wear test machine Investigation of surface, wear modes Future work Comparison of wear behaviour of different TiC morphology Process control

36. Powder composition optimization Now 70%Fe Ti- 45 %at C Future work 70%Fe Ti- 50 % at C Future work 70%Fe Ti- 55 % at C Graphite formation (self lubrication ) Ti+ C = TiC Future work

37. Fe Ti C 70%Fe Ti-55%C Ti-50%C Ti-45%C

38. Fe percentage decreasing Ti Fe C 70 60 50% Fe 50%C 55%C Optimize the Ti:C ratio Fe+C+TiC

40. Time table Future work Activity Winter 2010 Spring 2010 Fall 2010 Winter 2011 Spring 2011 Fall 2011 Winter 2012 Investigation on optimum process parameters Investigation on optimum compositions TiC phase formation and morphology analyses Wear resistance investigation and analysis-Process modification Thesis writing Defence

41. Thanks

44. Y=ax+b

45. 1400 C

46. Y=ax+b

47. 1000 C

55. Laser Power Increasing

57. Future work Fe( γ )+ G+TiC