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«∞πMºOW.Ë¢∫dÂÆu«≤Os«∞Nπd…≠w°Fi«∞bˉ«_©HU‰«∞c¥s¥u∞bËÊ_°MU¡¨Od
±u«©MOs±s•Iu‚«∞πMºOW•∑vË∞uØU≤X«∞M∑OπW√Ê¥B∂`«∞DHq´b¥r«∞πMºOW.
Ë¥∑∫u‰«∞Fb¥b±s«_®ªU’«∞c¥s¥∑r«ô¢πU¸°Nr,ôßOLU«∞MºU¡Ë«_©HU‰≈∞v´b¥Lw
«∞πMºOW≠FKOUαsîö‰±BUœ¸…√˸«‚√£∂U‹®ªBO∑Nr±s§U≤V«∞L∑U§d¥s°Nr.
¥LJs«´∑IU‰«_®ªU’´b¥Lw«∞πMºOWË«∞Lu§uœ¥sîU¸Ã°Kb«≤Nr
«_Â√Ë«∞bË∞W«∞∑wØU≤u«¥IOLuÊ≠ONUßU°IUÎ∞H∑d«‹©u¥KW≈–«¸≠CX
¢Kp«∞bˉ±M∫Nr•o«∞bîu‰±πbœ«Î≈∞v√¸«{ONU.Ë≠w√¨KV«_•OUÊ,
≠SÊ«_®ªU’«∞c¥sô¥º∑DOFuÊ√Ê¥∏∂∑u«Ë§uœ«¸¢∂U◊ÆU≤u≤w∞Nr
°bË∞W±U¥∫d±uÊ•∑v±s√°ºj«∞∫Iu‚-•Iu‚«∞∑FKOrË«∞d´U¥W
«∞D∂OWË«∞FLq.
«∞πMºOWË«≤Fb«Â«∞πMºOW-Ø∑OV_´CU¡«∞∂d∞LUÊ-«∞LHu{OW«∞FKOU
∞ARËÊ«∞ö§µOsË«ô¢∫Uœ«∞∂d∞LU≤w«∞bË∞w,5002.
•Ew«_®ªU’´b¥Lu«∞πMºOW°U´∑d«·îU’≠w«∞IU≤uÊ«∞bË∞w.Øc∞p¢∑L∑l
«∞LHu{OW«∞FKOU∞ö§µOs«∞∑U°FW∞ú±r«∞L∑∫b…,Ë≥wËØU∞W«_±r«∞L∑∫b…«∞LºRË∞W´s
•LU¥W«∞ö§µOsË«∞∑w¢FLq´Kv≈¥πUœ•q∞LAUØq«∞ö§µOs,°Bö•OU‹´U∞LOW
±∫bœ…∞LMl«≤Fb«Â«∞πMºOWË«∞∑IKOq±MNUË•LU¥W§LOl«_®ªU’´b¥Lw«∞πMºOW.
Ë¢ALq≥cÁ«∞Bö•OU‹«∞∑dË¥Z∞K∑Bb¥o´Kv«¢HUÆO∑Os¢∑FU±öʱl«≤Fb«Â«∞πMºOW:
«¢HUÆOW«≤Fb«Â«∞πMºOW4591Ë«¢HUÆOWîHi•Uô‹«≤Fb«Â«∞πMºOW(«¢HUÆOW«≤Fb«Â
«∞πMºOW∞KFUÂ1691).02
20«∞FOg≠w«∞Eq:Ë£OIW¢LNOb¥W°AQÊ«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW∞KLNU§d¥s
Migrants2-ar 11/1/07 1:46 pm Page 20
- 28. Øc∞p¢AU¸„•Ju±U‹´b¥b…≠w¢d¢O∂U‹≈ÆKOLOW¢Mh´Kvœ¸§U‹
±∑HUË¢W±s«∞∫d«„∞Lu©Mw«∞bˉ«_´CU¡.≠L∏öÎ,¢LM`«¢HUÆOU‹«∞LπLu´W
«ôÆ∑BUœ¥W∞bˉ¨d»√≠d¥IOU(≈¥Ju«”)±u«©Mw¢Kp«∞bˉ•oò«∞bîu‰≈∞v
Ë«ùÆU±WË«ôß∑Id«¸å≠w√¥WœË∞W´Cu.Ë≠w«ô¢∫Uœ«_˸˰w,¥ÔºL`∞Lu«©Mw
œË‰«ô¢∫Uœ«_˸˰w°U∞∫d«„«∞JU±q,°LU≠w–∞p_¨d«÷«∞FLq.Ë¥ÔdØe
«∞∫d«„œ«îq«∞ºu‚«∞LA∑dØW∞KILl«∞πMu°w_±d¥JU«∞πMu°OW(±dØußu¸)¥ÔdØe
•Bd«Î´Kv¢MIq«∞LNMOOs.Ë≠w¬ßOU,«∞∑wØU≤X≠ONU«ô¢HUÆOU‹«∞LKe±W•u‰
ÆCU¥U«∞Nπd…≤Uœ¸…,≠SÊ«∞bˉ«∞∑w¢∑Q∞n±MNU¸«°DWœË‰§Mu»®d‚¬ßOU
(¬ßOUÊ)Ë«≠IX±s•OY«∞L∂b√´Kv≠∑`ÆDU´U‹±FOMW√±U«∞FLU‰«∞IUœ±Os
±sœË‰¬ßOUÊ.Ë≈{U≠W≈∞v–∞p,≠S≤t°Lu§V°d≤U±Z≠OOM∑OUÊ∞KFLq∞KFUÂ
4002,«∞∑e±X«∞bˉ«_´CU¡≠w¬ßOUÊ°BOU¨WÅp∞∑Fe¥e•Iu‚«∞FLU‰
«∞LNU§d¥sË•LU¥∑NU.Ë«¢ºLX±MDIW«∞Ad‚«_Ëßj°U∞L∏q°Uô≠∑IU¸≈∞v
«¢HUÆOU‹±Ke±W•u‰«∞Nπd….Ë«ß∑Nb≠XßKºKW±s«∞KIU¡«‹∞∫u«¸5+5
«∞ªU’°U∞Nπd…≠w¨d»«∞L∑ußj,Ë«∞∑w«ß∑CU≠∑NU«∞LMELW«∞bË∞OW∞KNπd…
°Os2002Ë4002¢Fe¥e«∞∑MºOoË¢∫b¥b«∞dœËœ–«‹«∞BKW´Kv¢FIOb√≤LU◊
«∞Nπd…≠w≥cÁ«∞LMDIW.
Ë´Kv«∞BFOb«∞bË∞w,ßFX«∞∫Ju±U‹∞K∑uÅq≈∞v≈§LUŸ•u‰±∂Uœ∆
´U±W¥d¢Je´KONU≤EUÂœË∞wòùœ«¸…«∞Nπd…å.˱s«_±∏KW«∞∫b¥∏W´Kv–∞p,
±∂Uœ¸…°OdÊ,Ë≥w´LKOW¢AU˸¥W°Os«∞∫Ju±U‹¢Nb·≈∞vò¢∫IOo≈œ«¸…
√≠Cq∞KNπd…´Kv«∞Lº∑uÈ«ùÆKOLwË«∞bË∞w±sîö‰«∞∑FUËÊ«_≠Cq°Os
«∞bˉ.å32Ë≥MU„±∏U‰¬îd≥u«∞FLKOW«∞∑AU˸¥W«∞∫Ju±OW«∞bË∞OWœ«îq±MELW
«∞FLq«∞bË∞OW.ËÆbœ´X«∞πKºW«∞∏U≤OWË«∞∑ºFuÊ∞LR¢Ld«∞FLq«∞bË∞w±MELW
«∞FLq«∞bË∞OW≈∞v¢MHOcîDW´Lq•u‰«∞FLU‰«∞LNU§d¥s¢Nb·≈∞v{LUÊ
®Lq«∞FLU‰«∞LNU§d¥s≠w≤Bu’«∞LFU¥Od«∞bË∞OW∞KFLqË«ß∑HUœ¢Nr±s
Æu«≤Os«∞FLqË«∞Iu«≤Os«ô§∑LU´OW«∞u©MOW«∞LFLu‰°NU.Ë∞∑∫IOo–∞p,
«´∑Lb‹«∞NOµW«∞∫UØLW≠w±MELW«∞FLq«∞bË∞OW≈©U¸«Î±∑Fbœ«∞πu«≤V¨Od
±Ke°AQÊ≥πd…«∞FLU∞W.
Ë«∞LMELW«∞bË∞OW∞KNπd…≥w±MELW¨Od•Ju±OW«{DKFX°b˸ÆOUœÍ≠w
«∞LMUÆAU‹«∞∑w¢b˸•u‰≈œ«¸…«∞Nπd…≠w«∞ºU•W«∞bË∞OWË¢KFVœË¸«Î±∑e«¥b
«_≥LOW≠w≈´b«œßOUßWœË∞OW∞KNπd….Ë¥∑πKv–∞p°u{uÕ≠wò«∞∫u«¸«∞bË∞w
•u‰«∞Nπd…å42«∞cÍ¥Nb·≈∞v¢Fe¥e¬∞OU‹«∞∑FUËÊ°Os«∞∫Ju±U‹≠w±πUô‹
±∏q«∞Nπd…Ë«∞∑πU¸…Ë«∞FLU∞WË«∞B∫WË«∞∑MLOW.Ëô¢∑L∑l«∞LMELW«∞bË∞OW∞KNπd…
24«∞FOg≠w«∞Eq:Ë£OIW¢LNOb¥W°AQÊ«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW∞KLNU§d¥s
Migrants2-ar 11/1/07 1:46 pm Page 24
- 29. °Bö•OU‹¸ßLOW∞K∫LU¥W√Ë°Q¥W±ºRË∞OW∞û®d«·´Kv±FU≥b…œË∞OW¢∫Lw
«∞LNU§d¥s.
ò≈œ«¸…«∞Nπd…åË•Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ
Øw¥JuÊ≤EUÂò≈œ«¸…«∞Nπd…å≠FUôÎ,≠ö¥JHw√Ê¥Juʧb¥d«Î°∏IW«∞bˉ˕ºV,
°q√¥CUΧb¥d«Î°∏IW«∞LNU§d¥s.Ë∞∑∫IOo–∞p,¥M∂Gw√Ê¥∫∑d«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW
«_ßUßOW∞KLNU§d¥s,Ë≠w«∞u«Æl¥πV√Ê¥ºFv°Bu¸…•∏O∏Wô•∑d«Â•Iu‚
§LOl«∞LNU§d¥sË•LU¥∑NUË¢Fe¥e≥U.∞c«¥M∂Gw´Kv«∞bˉ√Ê¢JHq°Qô¢CFn
ßOUßU¢NU˱LU¸ßU¢NU°QÍ®Jq•Iu‚√ͱNU§d¥s,°Bd·«∞MEd´s´u«±q±∏q
Ë{FNr√Ë©d¥IWßHd≥rËËÅu∞Nr≈∞v√¸«{w«∞bË∞W.Ë°AJqîU’,ô¥πu“
∞NcÁ«∞ºOUßU‹Ë«∞LLU¸ßU‹√Ê¢ÔFdΩ÷«∞LNU§d¥s∞Le¥b±s±ªU©d«ô≤∑NUØU‹
≠w√¥W±d•KW±s¸•KW≥πd¢Nr.Ë¢F∑Ib±MELW«∞FHu«∞bË∞OW√Ê√Í≤EUÂòùœ«¸…
«∞Nπd…å,ßu«¡ØUÊË©MOUÎ√Ë£MUzOUÎ√Ë≈ÆKOLOUÎ√ËœË∞OUÎ,¥πV√Ê¥∑r≈´b«œÁ{Ls
≈©U¸∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ.
¥M∂Gw´Kv«∞bˉ√Ê¢JHq°Qô¢ÔFdΩ÷ßOUßU¢NU˱LU¸ßU¢NU´KvÅFOb
≈œ«¸…«∞Nπd…«∞LNU§d¥s∞ªDd«ô≤∑NUØU‹
¥FMw•o«∞bˉ≠w≈œ«¸…«∞Nπd…√≤t¥∫o∞K∫Ju±W√Ê:
>¢Fd·±s¥F∂d•bËœ≥U
>¢Id¸°d«±ZËßOUßU‹«∞Nπd…«∞ªUÅW°NU
>¢∑ªcîDu«‹∞K∑IKOq±s«∞Nπd…¨Od«∞LBdÕ°NU.
Ë≠w«∞uÆX–«¢t,«∞∫Ju±W±Ke±W°‡:
>«•∑d«Â±∂b√´b«ù´Uœ…«∞Iºd¥W«∞cÍ¥Mh´Kv√≤tô¥πu“≈´Uœ…√Í®ªh
´Kv√Í≤∫uØUÊ≈∞v°Kb¥∑Fd÷≠Ot∞ªDd«∞∑Fc¥V√˨OdÁ±s«ô≤∑NUØU‹
«∞ªDOd…∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ;Ë¥∑CLs≥c««∞L∂b√´b¸≠i√®ªU’´Kv«∞∫bËœ
¥DK∂uÊ«∞∫LU¥W«∞bË∞OW,°Ls≠ONr©U∞∂u«∞Kπu¡,Ë«∞ö§µuÊ.
>{LUÊ¢LU®w«∞Iu«≤OsË«∞ºOUßU‹Ë«∞LLU¸ßU‹–«‹«∞BKW°bîu‰§LOl
«∞LNU§d¥s≈∞v√¸«{ONUË≈ÆU±∑Nr≠ONUË´uœ¢Nr±l±∂Uœ∆«∞IU≤uÊ«∞bË∞w∞∫Iu‚
«ù≤ºUÊ(Ë«∞IU≤uÊ«∞bË∞w∞ö§µOsË«∞IU≤uÊ«ù≤ºU≤w«∞bË∞w°∫ºV«ô≤D∂U‚).
25 «∞FOg≠w«∞Eq:Ë£OIW¢LNOb¥W°AQÊ«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW∞KLNU§d¥s
Migrants2-ar 11/1/07 1:46 pm Page 25
- 34. √®JU‰«∞∑LOOe«∞FMBdÍ∞K∫Ju±U‹¢∫b¥b«Î°LLU¸ßWò«∞∑LU¥e√Ë«ôß∑∏MU¡«‹√Ë«∞IOuœ
√Ë«_≠CKOU‹ò°Os«∞Lu«©MOs˨Od«∞Lu«©MOs(«∞LUœ…1(2).Ë¢Cl«∞LUœ…2(3)±s
«ô¢HUÆOW®d©UδKv«∞L∂b√«∞FU«∞IU{w°U≤D∂U‚«∞FNb°U∞∑ºUËÍ´Kv«∞Lu«©MOs˨Od
«∞Lu«©MOs°LM`«∞bˉ«∞MU±OWßKDW¢∫b¥bò≈∞v√ͱbÈ¢JHq«∞∫Iu‚«ôÆ∑BUœ¥W
«∞LF∑d·°NU≠w«∞FNb∞GOd«∞Lu«©MOså.72Ë¢πOe«¢HUÆOW«∞FLU‰«∞LNU§d¥s±LU¸ßW
°Fi√®JU‰«∞∑LU¥e°Os«∞FLU‰«∞LNU§d¥s«∞c¥s¥∫LKuÊË£UzoË√Ë∞µp«∞c¥sô¥∫LKuÊ
Ë£Uzo.82
Ë≠w±Fd÷¢IOOr±U≈–«ØUÊ≈§d«¡îU’¥∑ªc≠OLU¥∑FKo°LπLu´W±s
«∞LNU§d¥s¥ÔAJq¢LOOe«Î±IU¸≤W°U∞∑LU¥e«∞LAdËŸ,√¥s¥πV√Ê≤dßr«∞∫b«∞HUÅq?
Ë¥M∂Gw√Ê¢ªb«∞∑LU¥e«‹«ôß∑∏MUzOW≥b≠UαAdË´UÎË√Ê¢Juʱ∑MUß∂W±l¢∫IOo
–∞p«∞Nb·.92˱s«_≥LOW°LJUÊ√ô¢∑bîq≠w•o«∞Hdœ,°Bd·«∞MEd´sË{Ft,
≠w«•∑d«Â•IuÆt«ù≤ºU≤OW«_ßUßOW.03
«∞LFU¥Od«∞bË∞OW«_îdÈ∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ
ò≈Ê≥OJq«∞IU≤uÊ«∞bË∞w∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊÆb°Mw´Kv≠d{OW√ʧLOl
«_®ªU’,«ß∑MUœ«Î≈∞v≈≤ºU≤O∑Nr«_ßUßOW,¥M∂Gw√Ê¥∑L∑Fu«°πLOl
•Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ..å.
œ¥HObË¥º∂dËœ‹,«∞LId¸«∞ªU’∞ú±r«∞L∑∫b…«∞LFMw°GOd
«∞Lu«©MOs,«∞∑Id¥d«∞MNUzw•u‰•Iu‚¨Od«∞Lu«©MOs(3002)13
≈Ê√≠Cq©d¥IW∞∫LU¥W•Iu‚«∞LNU§d¥s≥w«ôß∑HUœ…±s±ª∑Kn¢Hd´U‹
«∞IU≤uÊ«∞bË∞w∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ.ËØLU–ÔØd√´öÁ,¥LJs√•OU≤UαLU¸ßW¢LU¥e±AdËŸ°Os
«∞Lu«©MOs˨Od«∞Lu«©MOsË°Os±πLu´U‹«∞LNU§d¥s.°Ob√≤t¥M∂Gw´Kv«∞bˉ
Ëßu«≥U±s«∞πNU‹«∞HU´KW≠w±FU±K∑NU∞πLOl«∞LNU§d¥s√ô¢MNp«∞L∂b√«_ßUßw
∞Fb«∞∑LOOe.
Ë¥LJsô≤∑NUØU‹•Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ√Ê¢JuÊß∂∂UÎË≤∑OπW∞∫dØU‹«∞Nπd….≠U∞HId
«∞LbÆlÆb¥b≠l«∞LNU§d¥s≈∞v±GUœ¸…Ë©MNr«_´Kv√±q±LU¸ßW•IuÆNr
«ôÆ∑BUœ¥WË«ô§∑LU´OW.˱l–∞p,≠Hw«∞∂Kb«∞LIBuœ,Æb¥u«§t«∞LNU§dËÊ
Ë´Uzö¢Nr«∞∑uÆOnË«ô´∑IU‰«∞∑FºHwË«∞∫d±Uʱs•Iu‚«∞FLqË«∞LLU¸ßU‹
30«∞FOg≠w«∞Eq:Ë£OIW¢LNOb¥W°AQÊ«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW∞KLNU§d¥s
Migrants2-ar 11/1/07 1:47 pm Page 30
- 42. «∞∫o≠w•d¥W«∞∫dØW˱JUÊ«ùÆU±W
•U∞LU¥B∂`«∞LNU§d±u§uœ«Î°Bu¸…ÆU≤u≤OW24œ«îq«∞bË∞W,¥∑L∑l°U∞∫o≠w•d¥W
«∞∑MIqœ«îq¢Kp«∞bË∞W,ËØc∞p°U∞∫o≠w«î∑OU¸±JUÊ≈ÆU±∑t(«∞LUœ…31±s«ù´öÊ
«∞FU∞Lw∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ,«∞LUœ…21±s«∞FNb«∞bË∞w«∞ªU’°U∞∫Iu‚«∞Lb≤OW
Ë«∞ºOUßOW,«∞LUœ…93±s«¢HUÆOW«∞FLU‰«∞LNU§d¥s).ËÆbÅd•X«∞KπMW«∞LFMOW
°∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ°QÊ√Í≠d‚≠w«∞LFU±KW°Os«∞Lu«©MOs˨Od«∞Lu«©MOs≠OLU¥∑FKo
°U∞IOuœ«∞LHdË{W´Kv«∞∫dØW¥πV¢∂d¥d≥UË√Ê¢∑IOb°L∂b√«∞∑MUßV.34
«∞∫o≠w«∞∫OU…Ë≠w«∞ºö±W«∞πºb¥WË«∞FIKOW
¢∑CLsßOUßU‹«∞Nπd…˱d«Æ∂W«∞∫bËœ±πLu´W±s«∞∑b«°Od«∞NUœ≠W≈∞v±d«Æ∂W•dØW
«∞MU”≈∞v«∞bË∞W˱Ml«∞LNU§d¥s±s±∑U°FWßHd≥r˱∫UË∞W«∞bîu‰≈∞v√¸«{w«∞bË∞W.
Ë¢LMl°FißOUßU‹±d«Æ∂W«∞∫bËœ,°LU≠ONU«´∑d«÷«∞º∂Oq≠w±DU¸«‹îU¸§OW√Ë≠w
√´U∞w«∞∂∫U¸√Ë«∞IOuœ«∞LHdË{W´Kv¢Q®Od«‹«∞bîu‰√Ë«∞FIu°U‹«∞∑w¢ÔHd÷´Kv
®dØU‹«∞MIq√Ë«ß∑ªb«Â«∞∂OU≤U‹«ù•BUzOW«∞∫Ou¥W,¢LMl«∞LNU§d¥s±s«∞bîu‰≈∞v
œË‰«∞u§NW«∞LIBuœ…´∂d«∞IMu«‹«∞MEU±OW.Ë´Mb≥U¥KπQ«∞Fb¥b±s«∞LNU§d¥s≈∞v
îb±U‹«∞LNd°Os±s√§q«∞bîu‰≈∞v«∞bË∞W.Ë¥∑Fd÷´bœØ∂Od∞KIu…«∞LHd©W√Ë
«ô´∑IU‰«∞∑FºHw√Ë√®JU‰ßu¡«∞LFU±KW≠wœË‰«∞∑d«≤e¥X√Ë´Mb«∞uÅu‰.Ë¥Lu‹
Ø∏OdËÊ.ËØq´UÂ¥Gd‚«üô·≠w«∞∂∫d√Ë´Mb´∂u¸«_≤Nd;Ë¥∑πLb¬îdËÊ√Ë¥ª∑MIuÊ√Ë
¥Lu¢uʱs«∞πuŸË≥r±ª∑∂µOs´Kv±∑s«∞ºHs√Ë«∞AU•MU‹√Ë´MU°d«∞A∫s≠w
«∞DUzd«‹.Ë¥Lu‹¬îdËʱs®b…«∞∫d«¸…√Ë«∞FDg°OMLU¥∫UË∞uÊ´∂u¸±ºU•U‹®UßFW
±s«∞B∫U¸È±∏q«∞B∫d«¡«_≠d¥IOW√ËÅ∫d«¡ßu≤u¸««∞u«ÆFW°Os«∞LJºOpË√¸¥eË≤U.
§Ot.°w.,¸§q≠w«∞FIb«∞∏U∞Y±s´LdÁ,≠d±s«∞HId«∞LbÆl≠w«∞JU±OdËÊ...ËËÅq≈∞v
«∞LGd»´s©d¥o≤OπOd¥UË«∞MOπdË«∞πe«zd˱MNU≈∞v«∞πOV«_ß∂U≤w≠w±KOKW«∞u«Æl´Kv
«∞ºU•q«∞LGd°w.Ë≠w«∞Ld…«_Ë∞v«∞∑wœîq≠ONU≈∞v±KOKWËÅq≈∞v«∞LHu{OW«∞∑w¥LJs
≠ONU∞ö§µOs√Ê¥ºπKu«√ßLU¡≥rË¥∫BKu«´Kv±ºU´b…ÆU≤u≤OW.°Ob√≤t©Ôdœ´Kv«∞Hu¸
≈∞v«∞LGd».Ë≠w«∞Ld…«∞∏U≤OW«∞∑w√≠K`≠ONU≠w«∞bîu‰≈∞v±KOKW,«´∑b‹´KOt«∞Ad©W
«_ß∂U≤OW°U∞Cd»Ë√©KIX´KOt¸ÅUÅU‹±DU©OW±s±ºU≠W¢∂Km•u«∞w«∞L∑d¥sÆ∂q√Ê
¢FObÁ´Kv√´IU°t.Ë≠w«∞Ld…«∞∏U∞∏WØUÊ{Ls±πLu´W±s«∞LNU§d¥s«∞c¥s«Æ∑∫Lu«ßOUÃ
«∞πOV,∞JMt©Ôdœ±πbœ«Î≈∞v«∞LGd»•OY√°Fb¢t«∞ºKDU‹«∞LGd°OW≈∞v±MDIW¢Il´Kv
«∞∫bËœ°Os«∞LGd»Ë«∞πe«zd°U∞Id»±s°Kb…˧b….Ë√£MU¡Ë§uœ≥r≠w±MU©o•bËœ¥W≤UzOW,
¨U∞∂UαU¥∑Fd÷«∞LNU§dËÊ∞KCd»Ë«∞ºdÆW±s§U≤V«∞Iu«‹«∞LºU´b…«∞LGd°OW.
√ß∂U≤OU/«∞LGd»:¥M∂Gw´Kv«∞ºKDU‹√Ê¢ªCl∞KLºU¡∞W´Kv«≤∑NU„•Iu‚
«∞LNU§d¥s(¸Ær«∞u£OIW:5002/610/14RUE).44
38«∞FOg≠w«∞Eq:Ë£OIW¢LNOb¥W°AQÊ«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW∞KLNU§d¥s
Migrants2-ar 11/1/07 1:47 pm Page 38
- 43. «´∑d«÷«∞º∂Oq
´Uœ…¥πdÍ«´∑d«÷«∞º∂Oq≠w´d÷«∞∂∫d,•OY¥F∑d÷ßöÕ«∞∂∫d¥W√Ë•d”
«∞∫bËœ«∞eË«¸‚Ë¥LMFu≤NU±s±∑U°FWßOd≥U≈∞v«∞bË∞W«∞∑w¢IBb≥U.°Ob√Ê«´∑d«÷
«∞º∂Oq¥∑ªc√®JUôÎ√ÆqË{u•UÎ√¥CUÎ,°LU≠w–∞p´Mb±U¥LMl±u™Hu«∞Nπd…
Ë®dØU‹«∞DOd«Ê≠w«∞LDU¸«‹«_®ªU’±s¸Øu»«∞DUzd«‹Ë±∑U°FW«∞ºHd≈∞v
˧N∑Nr«∞LIBuœ….Ë¢º∑Nb·¢b«°Od«ô´∑d«·«_®ªU’«∞c¥sô¥∫LKuÊ«∞u£Uzo
«∞ö“±W√Ë≈–Ê«∞bîu‰«∞B∫O`≈∞v«∞bË∞W.54ØLU√Ê«´∑d«÷«∞º∂OqÆb¥Mπr´s
«∞AJu„«∞∑w¢∫u•u‰œË«≠l«∞Aªh∞KºHd.ËÆKLU¢∫ºV≥cÁ«∞∑b«°Od√Í•ºU»
∞KFu«ÆV«∞L∑d¢∂W´Kv•Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ,Ë°ªUÅW•OY¥JuÊ√Ë∞µp«∞c¥s¥∑r«´∑d«÷
ß∂OKNr,√®ªUÅUÎ¥πdÍ«ô¢πU¸°Nr√˱NU§d¥s¥πdÍ¢Nd¥∂Nr√Ë©U∞∂w∞πu¡.˨U∞∂UÎ
±U¥Ô∑d„«∞MU”´U∞IOs˱HKºOsË°ö±JUÊ¥KπµuÊ≈∞Ot.
Ë¢∂d¸°Fi«∞bˉ¢b«°Od«´∑d«÷«∞º∂Oq°U∞e´r√≤NU¢Nb·≈∞v•LU¥W√¸Ë«Õ
§LNu¸«∞LºU≠d¥sË√±MNr,≠CöδsË{l•b∞∑πU¸…¢Nd¥V«∞MU”.°Ob√Ê≥cÁ
«∞∑b«°Od¥LJs√Ê¢M∑Np•Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ°LU≠w–∞p±∂b√´b«ù´Uœ…«∞Iºd¥W«∞u«¸œ
≠w«∞IU≤uÊ«∞bË∞w«∞Fd≠w.Ë«∞bË∞W«∞∑w¢F∑d÷ß∂Oq«∞LNU§d¥s¢ªCl∞KLºU¡∞W´Kv
≥cÁ«ô≤∑NUØU‹.
Ë•OY¢LU¸”«∞bˉ«´∑d«÷«∞º∂Oq,ô¢Il«∞LºRË∞OW´s«∞M∑UzZ«∞L∑d¢∂W
´Kv•Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ´Kv´U¢o«∞bË∞W«∞∑w§d‹´LKOW«´∑d«÷«∞º∂Oq≠w
√¸«{ONUË•ºV,°q√¥CUδKv«∞bˉ«∞∑w¢DKV«´∑d«÷«∞º∂Oq√Ë¢Lu∞t√Ë
√¸œÈ•U¸”•b˜ͰU∞dÅU’≠u∞MOX°O∑Oºw,Ë≥u®U»´LdÁ81´U±UαsÆd¥W±u„-
≥U”≠w±IU©FW≥U”°Q∞∂U≤OU,±ºU¡32ß∂∑L∂d/√¥Ku‰3002.ËØUÊ¥F∂d«∞∫bËœßd«Î≈∞v
«∞Ou≤UʱlîLºW√∞∂Uʬîd¥s°∫∏Uδs´Lq.ËË≠IUÎ∞K∑IU¸¥d«∞dßLOWØUÊ£ö£W√≠d«œ±s
•d”«∞∫bËœ¥d«Æ∂uÊ«∞LπLu´WËœ´u≥r≈∞v«∞∑uÆn.Ë«±∑∏q√¸°FW√´CU¡≠w«∞LπLu´W
Ë√Ô∞Iw«∞I∂i´KONr,°OMLUô–≠u∞MOX°O∑Oºw˸§q¬îd°U∞Hd«¸.Ë√©Ko√•b«∞∫d«”«∞MU¸
´KONLU,≠QÅU»≠u∞MOX°O∑Oºw°πdËÕÆU¢KW.Ë°F∏X±MELW«∞FHu«∞bË∞OW°dßU∞W≈∞v
«∞ºKDU‹«∞Ou≤U≤OW¢Fd»≠ONU´sÆKINU±s√Ê•d”«∞∫bËœ¥º∑ªb±uÊ«_ßK∫W«∞MU¸¥W
∞Bb«_®ªU’«∞c¥s¥∫UË∞uÊ«∞bîu‰≈∞v«∞Ou≤UÊßd«Î,•∑v≠w«∞EdË·«∞∑w∞r¥AJKu«
≠ONUîDd«ÎË®OJUΰU∞Lu‹√Ë«ùÅU°W«∞ªDOd….
«∞Ou≤UÊ:°FOb«Î´sœ«zd…«∞Cu¡-•Iu‚«_§U≤VË«_ÆKOU‹¢Eq±MDIW¸±Uœ¥W
(¸Ær«∞u£OIW:5002/610/52RUE).
39 «∞FOg≠w«∞Eq:Ë£OIW¢LNOb¥W°AQÊ«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW∞KLNU§d¥s
Migrants2-ar 11/1/07 1:47 pm Page 39
- 45. «∞∑MUßV,≤Ed«Î∞∑u«≠d¢b«°Od√Æq¢DHöÎ∞KLd«Æ∂W«∞∫bËœ¥W.ËÆb•b£X•Uô‹
«¸¢JV≠ONU√®ªU’√≠FU‰≈¥c«¡«∞c«‹Ë®u≥u«√ÅU°l√¥b¥Nr∞πFq°BLU¢NU
¨OdË«{∫W.
˸¨r«∞CLU≤U‹«∞∑Ad¥FOW,≠SÊ«∞∂OU≤U‹«ù•BUzOW«∞∫Ou¥W´d{W√¥CUÎ
•U∞OUÎ∞Nu«±g±∑HUË¢W±s«∞ªDQË∞KLªU©d«∞Ab¥b…∞öß∑ªb«Â¨Od«∞LBdÕ°t
˨Od«∞LAdËŸ.Øc∞p¢∑Q£d≥cÁ«∞LFDOU‹°LLU¸ßU‹«∞∑ªe¥s¨Od«∞B∫O∫W
Ë√ßU∞OV•LU¥W«∞LFDOU‹«∞∑wô¢∑IOb°U∞LFU¥Od«∞bË∞OW∞∫LU¥W«∞LFDOU‹.
«ô´∑IU‰
¢F∑IqœË‰´b¥b…«∞LNU§d¥s,Ë°ªUÅW«∞LNU§d¥s¨Od«∞MEU±OOs,±F∑∂d…Î
«ô´∑IU‰¸«œ´UÎ{b«∞Nπd…¨Od«∞LºLuÕ°NU.Ë≠w°Fi«∞bˉ,¥JuÊ«ô´∑IU‰
≠w±∏q≥cÁ«_Ë{UŸ≈∞e«±OUÎ,Ë¥LJs¢Lb¥bÁ∞H∑d«‹¨Od±∫bœ….˨U∞∂UαU¥Fπe
«∞LNU§dËÊ´s«∞DFs≠wÆU≤u≤OW«´∑IU∞Nr.
¥πV¢∂d¥d«´∑IU‰«∞LNU§d¥s≠wØq•U∞W≠dœ¥W°U´∑∂U¸Á¢b°Od«Î
{d˸¥UÎ˱∑MUß∂UÎ¥∑IOb°U∞IU≤uÊ«∞bË∞w,Ë¥πV√Ê¥ªCl∞Ld«Æ∂W
ÆCUzOWœË¸¥W.
Ë¥∑bîq«ôß∑ªb«Â¨Od«∞B∫O`∞ö´∑IU‰°∫Iu‚«ù≤ºUÊ«_ßUßOW
«∞Cd˸¥W§b«Î∞∫LU¥W«∞Jd«±W«_ÅOKW∞KLNU§d¥s«∞c¥s¥LKJuÊ«∞∫o≠w
«∞∫d¥WË´b«∞∑Fd÷∞ö´∑IU‰«∞∑FºHw(«∞LUœ…9±s«∞FNb«∞bË∞w«∞ªU’
°U∞∫Iu‚«∞Lb≤OWË«∞ºOUßOW;Ë«∞LUœ¢UÊ3Ë9±s«ù´öÊ«∞FU∞Lw∞∫Iu‚
«ù≤ºUÊ,Ë«∞LUœ…61±s«¢HUÆOW«∞LNU§d¥s).Ë≥c«¥FMw√Ê«ô´∑IU‰¥πV√Ê
¥ªCl∞IOuœ,°OMNU®d◊¢LU®w«ô´∑IU‰±l«∞IU≤uÊË¢∂d¥dÁ≠w«∞∫U∞W
«∞Hdœ¥W°Q≤t¢b°Od{d˸Í˱∑MUßVË¥ªCl∞KLd«§FW«∞ICUzOW.ËÆb
«´∑Lb‹±πLu´W«∞FLq«∞∑U°FW∞ú±r«∞L∑∫b…«∞LFMOW°Uô´∑IU‰«∞∑FºHw
«∞Lb«Ë∞W¸Ær5«∞∑w¢∑FKo°u{l«∞LNU§d¥sË©U∞∂w«∞Kπu¡.Ë≥w¢∫bœ«∞L∂Uœ∆
«∞L∑FKIW°U_®ªU’«∞L∫∑πe¥sË´bœ«Î±s«∞CLU≤U‹«∞∑w¢MEr«ô´∑IU‰.
Ë≥cÁ¢ALq•o«∞LF∑IKOs≠w≈°ö¨Nr°Qß∂U»«•∑πU“≥rË«ô¢BU‰°U∞FU∞r
«∞ªU¸§w,Ë¢uØOq±º∑AU¸ÆU≤u≤wË«ô¢BU‰°U∞ºKDU‹«∞IMBKOWË«∞L∏u‰œËÊ
≈°DU¡√±UÂßKDWÆCUzOW√ËßKDW√îdÈ.ØLU¢uÅw°QÊ¥∫bœ«∞IU≤uÊ«∞H∑d…
«∞IBuÈ∞ö´∑IU‰Ë°Q≤tô¥πu“ò≠w√¥W•U∞Wå¢Lb¥b«∞∫πe√Ë«ß∑Ld«¸Á≈∞v
√§q¨Od±ºLv.64
41 «∞FOg≠w«∞Eq:Ë£OIW¢LNOb¥W°AQÊ«∞∫Iu‚«ù≤ºU≤OW∞KLNU§d¥s
Migrants2-ar 11/1/07 1:47 pm Page 41