Africa is the most interesting and diverse continent on the earth. It is the home of an incredible variety of people, animals, climates, and spectacular places. It is a country known for its beautiful colorful clothing and its history of incredible works of art. The African continent has the second largest population in the world, at about one billion people. Africa is the second largest continent on earth, approximately 11.7 million square miles. One of the oldest universities in the world is in Timbuktu, Mali. By the 12th century Timbuktu was home to three universities. Over 25,000 students attended one of the Timbuktu universities in the 12th century.

1. Strengthening Inter-Cultural and International Relations in Africa through Cultural
Diplomacy
(African Summit, Berlin, October 23rd - 26th, 2012)
Towards a Capacity-Building and Apprenticeship
Education within African Nations
Abdeslam Badre – Morocco
MA Student at ICD – Berlin – abdeslambadre@yahoo.com
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2. Outline
I. Africa as We Know It!
II. Education, Apprenticeship and Capacity Building in Africa
III. Will Cultural Diplomacy Heal the Ills in Africa?
IV. The Future Africa
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3. I. Africa as We Know It!
•National, Regional, and Civil Wars
•Tribal Conflicts
•Political malaise
•Diseases
•Women and Minorities’ Abuses
•Poverty
•Child Labor
•Corruption
•Lack of Infrastructures
•Social Inequalities
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4. Is it a Heavenly Curse or a Man-Made Misery ??!
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5. Bishop
Desmond Tutu
“When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible
and we had the land. They said, 'Let us pray.' We closed
our eyes. When we opened them we had the Bible and
they had the land.”
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6. Map of Colonial
Empire Africa
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7. Post-Colonial Africa
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8. What happened during the 50 Years
of African Independence??
Artificial Borders Created The Legacy Of European
By Imperial Europe Colonialism
The Rise of Neo-colonial
Power + Cold War By
Proxy - Supporting and
Arming Dictatorships
The Natural Struggle To Rebuild
Is Proving Difficult in Africa
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9. The post-cold War
Africa and Rise of
Capitalism Unequal
International
Trade
Corporate interests
and activities in Internal
Corruption
conflicts
Africa have also
contributed to
exploitation, conflic
t and poverty for
ordinary people
while enriching
African and foreign
elites.
Corporate
Exploitation
Interests
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10. icd - Institute of Cultural Diplomacy A.Badre -
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11. III. Education, Apprenticeship and
Capacity Building in Africa
According to the International Development Research Centre
(IDRC), UNESCO and World Bank:
Although literacy rates have greatly improved in Africa over the last few
decades, approximately 40% of Africans over the age of 15, and 50% of women
above the age of 25 remain illiterate.
Illiteracy among individuals over the age of 15 stands at 41 per cent; gender
disparity in education prevails in 75 per cent of countries: For the period 2000–
06, Seychelles had the highest adult literacy rate (92%); Mali and Burkina Faso
had the lowest (24%).
Early childhood development is, in most countries, left to private sector actors
primarily working in urban areas in aid of more advantaged social groups.
Almost 50% of countries may not attain the goal of universal primary
education by 2015; nearly 38 million children are not going to school.
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12. III. Education and Capacity Building in
Africa …
Liberia has the lowest primary student-teacher ratio
of 19; in Mozambique the ratio is 67. Cape Verde has
the highest gross enrollment rate in secondary
education (80%); Niger has the lowest (11%).
The gross secondary school enrollment rate exceeds
20% in half of the countries, yet it remains below 8
per cent in 10 countries.
Higher education and other levels and forms of
education are experiencing problems with respect to
access, quality and even relevance.
In Uganda, a child who quits attending school is three
times more likely to be HIV positive later on in life
than a child who completes basic education.
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13. Brain-Drained Africa
Statistics on brain drain from Africa are scarce but
troubling. According to the International Organization for
Migration (IOM),
Africa has already lost one third of its human capital and is
continuing to lose its skilled personnel at an increasing
rate, with an estimated 20,000 doctors, university lecturers,
engineers and other professionals leaving the continent
annually since 1990.
There are currently over 300,000 highly qualified Africans
in the Diaspora, 30,000 of which have PhDs.
At the same time, Africa spends US$4 billion per year
(representing 35% of total official development aid to the
continent) to employ some 100,000 Western experts
performing functions generically described as technical
assistance
For example: 90% of private firms in Gabon are managed
by expatriates.
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14. Brain-Drained Africa
Africa as a whole counts only 20,000 scientists (3.6 % percent of the world total) and its share
in the world’s scientific output has fallen from 0.5% to 0.3% as it continues to suffer the brain
drain of scientists, engineers and technologists.
The problem has reached quite disturbing proportions in certain African countries, with
Ethiopia ranked first in the continent in terms of rate of loss of human capital, followed by
Nigeria and Ghana. Over the past 10-15 years, about 50% of Ethiopians who went abroad for
training did not return after completing their studies.
According to the estimates of the Presidential Committee on Brain Drain set up in 1988 by the
Babangida administration, Nigeria, between 1986 and 1990, lost over 10,000 academics from
tertiary education institutions alone.
Total estimates, including those who left public, industrial and private organizations, are over
30,000. 64% of Nigerians in the United States aged 25 and older have at least a bachelor’s
degree.
In 1997 only, more than 1,000 professionals left Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe National
Association of Social Workers estimates that 1,500 of the country's 3,000 trained social
workers left for the United Kingdom over the past 10 years.
Basically, African countries are funding the education of their nationals only to see them end
up contributing to the growth of developed countries with little or no return on their investment.
In Kenya, for example, it costs about US$40,000 to train a doctor and US$10,000-15,000 to
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15. Causes of Brain Drain
Push Factors Pull Factors
Low and eroding wages and Higher wages and income
salaries
Unsatisfactory living conditions, lack of Higher standard of living
transport, housing, etc. Better working conditions; job and
career opportunities and professional
Under-utilization of qualified personnel; development
lack of satisfactory working conditions; low
prospect of professional development Substantial funds for research, advanced
technology, modern facilities; availability of
Lack of research and other experienced support staff
facilities, including support staff; inadequacy
of research funds, lack of professional Political stability
equipment and tools Modern educational system; prestige of
‘foreign training’
Social unrest, political conflicts and
wars Meritocracy, transparency
Declining quality of educational system
Discrimination in appointments and
promotions
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16. Will Cultural
Diplomacy Heal the
Ills in Africa?
If So, How?
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17. Future Role of CD in Africa
To Invest in the FUTURE Generation’s
Education, Apprenticeship Trainings,
and Capacity Building Programs
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18. The African Leadership Academy
Agent: ALA is a registered non-profit educational charity
developing the next generation of African leaders
ALA was founded in 2004 by Fred Swaniker, Chris Bradford,
Peter Mombaur and AchaLeke.
ALA’s Trustees and Advisors include internationally recognized
luminaries in business, leadership development, education
and social entrepreneurship.
Since 2008, ALA has used a multifaceted admissions process
to evaluate over 9,000 youth in 42 African nations to select the
380 young leaders in the first four classes – making ALA one
of the most selective educational institutions in the world
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19. Agenda: The African Leadership
Academy
African Leadership Academy seeks to enable lasting peace and
prosperity in Africa by developing and connecting the continent’s future
leaders.
African Leadership Academy will develop and connect thousands of
transformative young leaders in the next 50 years. African Leadership
Academy achieves this mission through:
(1) A robust admissions process that identifies 100 of Africa’s most
promising young leaders each year, regardless of background
(2) A rigorous two-year pre-university program that enables intellectual
growth and leadership development, including sustained, authentic
practice of entrepreneurial leadership, and
(3) A lifelong ecosystem that connects these leaders with each other and
with transformative opportunities that will expand the scope and scale of
their dreams and impact.
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20. ALA: Agenda …
“Our leadership development formula is relatively simple: we
believe that by identifying young leaders with immense
potential, enabling them to practice leadership, and connecting
them with transformative opportunities, we can develop and
empower the next Nelson Mandela, the next
WangariMaathai, and Africa’s Jonas Salk and Steve Jobs.”
ElmahdiOummih - Director - North Africa
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21. Vehicle & Target Audience
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUj5qSvqNVo
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22. Conclusion
With a well-educated leadership generation and a
well-trained human capital that master the language
of the the 21st, namely information technology, Africa
can engage in:
1) protecting its natural, economic, and cultural
resources from the savage capitalistic greed, and the
international chauvinistic sovereignty
2) Wisely managing its economic growth toward a
sustainable and stable progress
3) Thus, becoming an active player in the World
economy and decision making
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23. Reference:
Thank you!
http://www.africagrantmakers.org/PDF/BasicFactsAboutEducation.pdf
1 http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-71762-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-
URL_ID=31059&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
http://facts.history.com/2009/07/23_africa.html
http://www.jica.go.jp/cdstudy/library/pdf/20071101_33_01.pdf
http://www.geocities.ws/aaumf/BrainDrain_in_Africa.pdf
http://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/nurturing-network/events-conferences/facilities
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nnZLm21wA0
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