Computational Linguistics Part I

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2. -What is Computational Linguistics
-Approaches of the Study Of Computational Linguistics
Developmental
Structural
Production
Comprehension
-Internet Linguistics
-What is Internet Linguistics
-Internet Linguistics Perspectives
Sociolinguistic
Perspective
Educational
Perspective
Stylistic
Perspective
Applied
Perspective
• Multilingualism
•Language Change
•Conversation Discourse
•Stylistic Diffusion
•MetaLanguage
-Linguistic Future Of The Internet
-Translation Memory
By:AbdoHelal
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SMS : Short Message Service
HCI : Human Computer Interaction
CMC : Computer Mediated Communication
IMC : Internet Mediated Communication
RPG : Role-Playing Games
MUDs : Multi-User Domains
HRELP : Han Rausing Endangered Languages Project
ELAR : Endangered Languages Archive Program
TM : Translation Memory
TMM : Translation Memory Managers
ASCII : American Standard code for information interchange
CAT : Computer assisted translation
CD-ROM : compact disc read-only memory
CPU : central processing unit
DPI : dots per inch
MB..megabyte
PC..personal computer
RAM..random access memory
RISC..reduced instruction set computing
ROM.. read only memory
SCSI..small computer system interface
WORM..write once read many
UPS..uninterruptible power source
DVD..digital video disk
By:AbdoHelal
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access time : the performance of a hard drive or other storage device.
active program or window: the application or window at the front on the monitor.
Application : the program in which you do your work.
application menu : on the right side of the screen header, lists running applications.
ASCII: ( American standard code for information interchange), a commonly used data format for
exchanging information between computers or programs.
Background : part of multi0tasking capability, A program can run and perform tasks in the background
while another program is being used in foreground.
backup: a copy of file or disk you make for archiving purposes.
boot : to startup a computer.
bug : a programming error that causes a program to behave in an unexpected way.
bus: an electronic pathway through which data is transmitted between components in the computer.
CD - ROM: an acronym for compact disk read only memory.
chooser: a desk accessory used to select a printer or other external device , or to log onto a network.
compression: a technique that reduce the size of a saved file.
control panel: a program that allows you to change settings in a program or change the way a Mac is
looks or behaves.
CPU: (central processing unit),the processing chip that is the brain of the computer.
crash: a system malfunction in which the computer stops working and has to be restarted.
cursor: the pointer, usually arrow (or cross shaped),which is controlled by the mouse.
database: an electronic list of information that can be stored or searched.
data: the information that processed by that computer.
defragment: to concatenate fragments of data into contiguous blocks in memory or hard drive.
document: a file you create, as apposed to application which created it.
DOS: (disk operation system),used in IBM PCs.
By:AbdoHelal
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DPI : (dots per inch), a gauge of visual clarity on the printed page or on the computer screen.
download: to transfer data from one computer to another.
drag : to move the mouse while its button is pressed.
file : a generic name word for an application ,document ,control panel or other computer data.
folder : an electronic subdirectory which contain files.
fragmentation: the fragment of a file into many separate locations in memory or on a disk.
freeze : a system error which causes the cursor to lock in place.
hard drive : a large capacity storage device made of multiple disks housed in a rigid case.
icon : a graphic symbol for an application , file or folder.
installer : software used to install a program on your hand drive.
keyboard shortcut: a combination of key strokes that performs some function.
memory : a temporary holding area where data is stored while is being used or changed ; the amount of RAM
a computer has installed.
multi tasking : running more than one application in memory at the same time.
operation system : the system software that controls the computer.
PC : (personal computer), commonly used to refer an IBM computer which
uses DOS.
pop-up menu : any menu that doesn't appear at the top of the screen in the menu bar.
RAM : acronym for Random access memory.
ROM : acronym for (read only memory), memory that can only be read from and not written to.
save : to write a file into a disk.
save as : to save previously saved file in a new location or with a new name.
software : files on disk that contain instructions for a computer .
upload : to send a file from one computer to another through a network.
uninterruptible power source (UPS) : a constantly charging battery pack which powers a computer , A UPS
should have enough charge to power your computer for several minutes in the event a total power failure,
giving you time to save your work and safely shutdown.
By:AbdoHelal
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Computational Linguistics : Is An Interdisciplinary Field That Concerns With Statistical Or Rule Based Modeling of
Natural Language From A Computational Perspective
Morphology : The Grammar Of Word Forms
Syntax : The Grammar Of Sentence Structure
semantics : the meaning Of The Word Or A Sentence
lexicon : The vocabulary Of A Sentence
pragmatics : The usage of the language
Internet Linguistics : Is A Sub-domain Of Linguistics is Advocated By David Crystal . It Studies The New Language
Styles And Forms That Have Arisen Under The Influence Of the Internet
Translation Memory : Is A Database That Stores Segments Which Can Be Sentence , Paragraphs , Or Sentence
Like Units (Heading , Titles Or Elements in A list)
By:AbdoHelal
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7. Change
Example
1-Transliteration from Arabic to
English
- Hasebat , kowayes
2-transliteration from English to
Arabic
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3-Acronyms
- LOL , GTG , OMG , ROFL
4-Mixing English and Arabic
- You are
5-Mixing number and letter
- 4 You
6- using a single number or letter
instead of a whole ward
- U (you) ,, 4 (For) ,, SA (
7-franco
- el7amdullah ,, 6arab ,, 3arbi ,,
3’arib
8- using pictures and symbols
instead of words
- Like  ,, -_- ,, :S ,, :D .
9- Other Changes
-Like :: Omitting The First letter Of the
Word like (NA) instead of (Ana)
- The Language now Has Poor
Grammer
By:AbdoHelal
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