Notes on Ilm ul balagha - the science of Arabic rhetoric based on balaghatul waadiha Class 3 The purposes of tashbeeh - similes - with examples from classical poetry and the Quran

1. Clear rhetoric
‫املالحظات‬
Lesson 3 – Purposes of ‫التشبيه‬

2. + ‫ا‬
‫املشبة‬ ‫إمكان‬ ‫بيان‬
‫ب‬
‫حاله‬ ‫بيان‬
‫ج‬
‫حاله‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫بيان‬
‫د‬
‫حاله‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫بيان‬
‫ه‬
‫تقبيحه‬ ‫أو‬ ‫املشبه‬ ‫تزيني‬

3. ‫املشبة‬ ‫إمكان‬ ‫بيان‬
Explanation of the possibility of two
apparently contradictory things
Close to the hands of the beggar while distantfrom every equal in generosity and their similar
Like the greatness of the moon in its
height and brightness
Which remains very close to the groups
travelling at night

4. ‫حاله‬ ‫بيان‬
Explanation of the state or situation of
the objects being compared
You are like the sun and the kings are starswhen the sun rises we hardly see the star

5. ‫حاله‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫بيان‬
Explanation by value of the amount / grades
of detail between the objects being compared
And how many fathers are raised to a lofty
position by the greatness of their child
In similitude to the the honour brought to
Adnan by the Messenger of Allah (SAW)

6. ‫حاله‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫بيان‬
Strenghtens and clarifies the permanence of
a condition of the object compared
Its (lions) eyes are not perceived except that
one thinks them to be…
The camp fire of a group in the dark night
(when viewed from above)

7. ‫التقبيح‬ / ‫التزيني‬ ‫بيان‬
A simile for the purpose of beautification or disgrace
And you would dread that the mouth
would open for you would have seen it…
As you imagine a door of the Fire
being opened

8. +
‫املقلوب‬ ‫التشبيه‬
Exaggerated comparison by showing the comparative as
lesser than the thing being compared

9. ‫املقلوب‬ ‫التشبيه‬
Rhetoric
1. As if the breeze is as
gentle as his manners
2. As if the water in its purity
is like his nature
3. As if the light of the day is
like his forehead
4. As if the fragrance of the
garden is like his
wonderful lifestyle