प्रोग्राम्मिंग सीखें हिंदीमें programing in hind

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lh izksxzkfeax ySxost ,d cgqr gh ikiqyj izksxzkfeax ySx~ost gS ftls Msful fjph us cSy yscksVjh esa ;wfudl vkWijsfVax flLVe cukus
ds fy, 1972 esa Msoysi dh FkhA vkt dh ftrus Hkh izksxzkfeax ySx~ost gS cks lkjh izksxzkfeax ySx~ost lh izksxzkfeax ySx~ost ij gh
vkf/kkfjr gSA lh izksxzkfeax ySx~ost lkjh izksxzkfeax ySx~ost dk vk/kkj gSA lh izksxzkfeax ySx~ost dk lcls T;knk mi;ksx flLVe
lkWQ~Vos;j vksj ,Iyhds’ku lkWQ~os;j cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA c ,d Structured Programming Language gS A lh
izksxzkfeax ySx~ost igys ls vosysoy ch ¼csfld daokbaM izksxzkfeax ySx~ost½ ls mriUUk gqbZ gS ;g V;wVksfj;y mu Nk=ksa dks /;ku esa
j[krs gq, cuk;k x;k gSA tks ,d lkQ~y lkWQ~Vos;j bathfu;j cuuk pkgrs gSA ysfdu vaxzsth dk T;knk Kku u gksus dh ctg ls
izksxzkfeax ySx~ost dks lh[kus esa dfBukbZ eglwl djrs gSaA D;ksafd vkt dh lkjh vPNh fdrkcs flQZ vaxzsth esa gh miyC/k gSA bl
V;wVksfj;y dk eq[; mn~ns’; Nk=ksa dks csfld ysfcy ls ,DliVZ cukus rd dk gSA
/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrs &
1 blh izksxzkafeax ySXost ,d LVªsDpj izksxzkfeax ySXost gSaA
2 ;g ,d fefMy ysfcy izksxzkfeax ySXost gSaA bls Msful fjph us cuk;k FkkA
3 ;wfuDl] ykbusDl] fcaMksl ;g lkjs vkWijsfVax flLVe lh izksxzkfeax ySXost izksxzke dk mi;ksx dj ds gh cuk, gSA
4 lh izksxzkfeax vlseyh ySXost dk mi;ksx djds cukbZ xbZ gSA
lh esa izksxzkfaeax djus ds fy, ges vius dEI;wVj ij bl izksxzkfeax ySXost dk lkWQ~os;j baLVky djuk gksxkA lkWQ~Vos;j baLVky
djus ds ckn gekjs dEI;wVj ij dEikbyj] vlseyj] izh izkslslj] fyadj] ,MhVj vkSj gsMj QkbYl miyC/k gks tk,xhA tks fd ges
izksxzke fy[kus ls ysdj izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy, mi;ksxh gksaxhA lh ds dbZ lkjs dEikbyj miyC/k gSaA vki buesa ls fdlh Hkh
dEikbyj dks viuh e’khu esa MkmuyksM djsaA blds ckn vki lh esa fdlh Hkh izksxzke dks fy[kdj ju dj ldrs gSaA
izhizkslslj
C Preprocessor ;g Compiler dk fgLlk ugha gksrk ysfdu Compilation ds nkSjku ,d Separet Step gS ftlesa ftrus Hkh Stetment
# bl fpUg }kjk Start gksrs gS ;g Instruction Pre Prossesor ds fy, gksrs gS u fd Compiler ds fy,A mnkgj.k ds fy,
#include<conio.h> PreProssesor bu header file ds vanj fy[ks Stetment dks C programing esa fy[ks gq, Program esa Copy dj
nsrk gSA blds ckn vc ;g Code Compile gksus ds fy, Compiler ds ikl tkrs gSA
dEikbyj
dEikbyj dk eq[; dke gekjs lh izksxzkfeax ySXost esa fy[ks gq, izksxzke dks e’khu ySXost ds QkjesV esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gS vkSj bl
e’khu ySXost dks gekjk lhih;w ,XthD;wV djds ges vkmViqV ns nsrk gSA
tc ge fdlh Programming Language esa Program fyf[krs gSa rc ;g Program English Language esa fy[ks gq, gksrs gSA ftls
ge vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSA ysfdu computer bls ugha le> ldrkA blfy, ges ,sls Software dh t:jr gksrh gS tks gekjs
}kjk fy[ks x, program dks ,slh Language esa Convert dj ns ftls Computer le> ldsA ,sls Software dks Compiler dgk
tkrk gSA
vlsecyj
Assembler ,d Software gksrk gS] tks Assembly Language esa fy[ks izksxzke dks Machine Language esa cnyus dk dke
djrk gSA fofHkUu Assembly Codes dks Computer dh Machine Language esa Convert djds Computer ds CPU ij
Execute djrk gSA CPU mu Converted Codes dks le>rk gS vkSj gesa OutPut nsrk gSA
fyadj
fyadj Hkh ,d Software gksrk gS tks C Programing ds Software dks Instal djus ij fey tkrk gSA C Programing esa
igys ls cuh gqbZ dqN Header Files vkSj Library Files gksrh gSaA bu Header Files ds vanj igys ls cuh gqbZ function dk
mi;ksx gksrk gSA ftudk mi;ksx program ds exeucution esa gksrk gSA
fyadj bu Header Files vkSj buds vanj fy[ks gq, function dks vkil esa fyad dj nsrk gSA

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yksMj
yksMj programs ds compilation ds ckn tks machine code mRiUUk gksrs gSa bUgsa execution ds fy, memory esa yksM
djrk gSA yksMj opreting system dk part gksrk gS bds }kjk gh program ds machine code run djus ds fy,
mamory esa load gksrs gSA ,d ckj Program ds coad mamory esa yksM gks tkrs gSa blds ckn opreting system bUgsa
run djuk ’kq: dj nsrk gSA
mijksDr lHkh proceses dks ftlesa program fy[kus ls ysdj run djus rd dh proceses dks C Programing esa Build
Process dgk tkrk gSA bls fuEu Figure }kjk le>k tk ldrk gSA
Source Code

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C Programing esa fy[ks gq, program ds dksM dks sourse code dgk tkrk gS vkSj bUgsa C extention ds
lkFk save fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k hello.c tSls gh bu dksM dks compiler ls compile djus ds fy,
dgk tkrk gS compiler bu sourse dksM dks igys Pre processor ds ikl Hkstrk gSA vkSj pre
processor ftrus Hkh line # fpUg }kjk start gksrh gSA bUgsa pre processor directive dgk tkrk gSA tSls
fd #include<conio.h> pre processor bu header file ds vanj fy[ks gq, code dks C ds Program dk
fgLlk cuk nsrk gS vkSj ,d ubZ file curh gS ftldk uke Hello.i gSA bu codes dks extended code
dgk tkrk gSA blds ckn ;g extended code assembler ds ikl igqaprs gSa vkSj assembler bUgsa
Object Code esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA tSls fd hello.obj blds ckn ;g Object Code fyadj ds ikl
igqaprs gSaA fyadj bUgsa hello.exe esa convert dj nsrk gS vkSj bu .exe file dks run djus ds fy, Loader
Memory esa yksM dj nsrk gSA
Features of C programming language:
Portability
C Programming yxHkx lHkh Operating System ds fy, miyC/k gSA bles fy[ks gq, program
lHkh Operating System ij run gksrs gSa mnkgj.k ds fy, Windows, Linux, Unix bu lHkh Operating
System ds fy, C ds software miyC/k gSaA
Flexibility
C Programing esa programmer dks program fy[kus esa dbZ lkjh flexibility nh gSa tSls fd c programming esa
dbZ lkjs keywords fn, gSa budk mi;ksx djds C dk programmer vius programs esa vklkuh ls
modification dj ldrk gS vkSj csgrj program cuk ldrk gSA
Modularity
Structured programming esa modularity ,d cgqr cM+h fo’kslrk gS ftldk mi;ksx djds ge vius cM+s
program dks NksVks&NksVs fgLlksa esa ckaV ldrs gSA ftUgsa module dgk tkrk gSA C Programing esa dbZ
vyx&vyx module dk mi;ksx djds ,d cM+k program cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
Speed
C Programming ds }kjk system application cukbZ tkrh gSA blh ctg ls bls Middle lable programming
dgk tkrk gSA C Programing esa vkSj high lable programing dh rqyuk esa program T;knk fast compile vkSj
run gksrs gSA
Extensibility
C Programing esa igys ls cus gq, software dks vklkuh ls modified fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ctg ls
bls extensible language dgk tkrk gSA

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Rich Library
C Programing esa igys ls cus gq, dbZ lkjs library function gSa ftudk mi;ksx C programmnig esa
programmer dks cgqr help djrk gS ftldh ctg ls development cgqr fast gksrk gSA