Presented at "International Symposium on ICT Development" in Indonesia, Lombok , July 4-5, 2012 . Presented by Abiyot Bayou Tehone

1. 2012 International Symposium on ICT Development in Indonesia, Lombok , July 4-5, 2012
Open Data & Social Media:
Recent Trends in e-Government
By
Abiyot Bayou (PhD Candidate)
( abiyotb@yahoo.com)
&
Hangjung, Zo (Prof.)
Global IT Technology Program
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

2. Content
• Back Ground
• Open Government & Open Data
• Open Government Data (OGD)
• Benefits of OGD
• Conceptual Model
• Trends in OGD
• Social Media in Government
• Open Data & Social media: Conclusion
• Some Research Issues
2

3. Methodology
• Desktop Research
• Data Sources
– UN 2012 e-Government Survey
– Deloitte Analytics Research Document, 2011
– Pew Research, 2010
– US government Digital Government Strategy, May
2012
– Other recent literatures and websites
• Objectives
– Describing Open Data & Social Networking as current
trends in e-government
3

4. Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies
My Administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in
Government…….I direct the Chief Technology Officer,…….., to coordinate the
development ……, within 120 days, of recommendations for an Open Government
Directive
BARACK OBAMA
• Open Government Directive.
– Government should be
– Transparent:
with information about agency operations and
decisions available to the public online. How to achieve ?
– participatory,
tapping the collective expertise of the
public in government decision-making
processes.
– collaborative,
using technology to share and cooperate with
other agencies, businesses and nonprofits, and
the public at large.

5. • The Digital Government Strategy
– Enable the people to access high-quality
digital government information and services
anywhere, anytime, on any device.
– Unlock the power of government data to spur
innovation across the Nation and improve the
quality of services for the people.
• Ensure that as the government adjusts to this new
digital world, seize the opportunity to procure and
manage devices, applications, and data in
smart, secure and affordable ways.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.html

6. L o o k i n g
f o r
g o v e r n me
• “Government as a platform”, n t d a t a
(P e w
– Citizens can use open government data to Re s e a r c h ,
build their own tools and collaborate 2010)
•
directly in the process of governing Ci t i z e n s
a r e
(Tim O’Reilly ) g o i n g
o n l i n e
– For many good government t o s e e
h o w
advocates, providing citizens with f e d e r a l
s t i mu l u s
access to vast stores of previously- mo n e y i s
b e i n g
unavailable government data s p e n t a t
Re c o v e r y
represents the internet’s greatest .g o v (23
p e r c e n t
promise for improving the relationship o f
between the government and its s u r v e y e d
I n t e r n e t
constituents u s e r s ), r
e a d o r
d o wn l o a d
t h e t e x t
o f
l e g i s l a t

7. Open data
Data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone -
subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and share
alike
• The data must be available as a whole and at no
Availability more than a reasonable reproduction cost,
and Access • preferably by downloading over the internet.
• must also be available in a convenient and
modifiable form
• The data must be provided under terms that permit
Reuse and
reuse and redistribution including the intermixing
Redistribution
with other datasets.
• everyone must be able to use, reuse and
redistribute –
Universal • there should be no discrimination against fields of
Participation endeavor or against persons or groups (including
commercial use) 7

8. What is open Government data?
Public Sector information that has been made
available to the public as open data
• Public data
– help people understand how
government works and how
policies are made
• Already available,
– “Open” brings it together in one
searchable website.
• Making this data easily available • Example: The White House
digital government strategy
– it will be easier for people to make – explicitly embraces
decisions and suggestions about releasing open data in APIs
to enable more
government policies based on accountability, civic utility
detailed information. and economic value
creation.

9. Public data
– collected and
– Objective – On which public generated in the
– Factual service run and curse of public
– No personal data – policy decision service delivery
are based
9

10. Open Government Data
Data
Open Government
data data
Open Government Data
Government
Open
Open-Government
Adapted from: Open Knowledge Foundation 2010 10

11. Open Government Data (OGD)
• Open data is the idea that certain data should be
freely available to everyone to use and republish
as they wish, without restrictions from
copyright, patents or other mechanisms of
control.
• Open government applications seek to
– empower consumers,
– help small businesses,
– or to create value in some other
positive, constructive way.
• Open government data helps
– improving education,
– improving government, and
– building tools to solve other real world problems
11

12. How it helps
How Open Data can help you
• Excerpt from VanRoekel’s (Federal Chief
Information Officer of the US) interview
• For example real estate. When you're
buying a home, why doesn't it manifest to
you the myriad of data that the
government has locked up about
– school quality,
– healthcare quality,
– infrastructure investments,
– broadband, everything else that
people really care about when
they're picking a place to live?
• We don't do that — we do roof
composition and the number of
bathrooms, and that's typically the extent
of it. Some services are doing a better job
with other government data but largely
it's pretty silo'ed and not very specific to
what Americans really care about.
Source: http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/05/white-house-launches-new-digit.html

13. Power of OGD
Park ‘s recent interview with CNN on June 14 2012 about Obama's
high-tech agenda, the power of big government data …
It's the notion of government taking a public good, which is this data …… making it available
in electronic, computable form and having entrepreneurs and innovators of all stripes turn it
into an unbelievable array of products and services that improves lives and create jobs.
…………
I think the key there is that if you make data available to everybody else, ……
…..We are enabling entrepreneurs and innovators across all walks of life to tap into fields of Todd Park , a federal
data sitting in the vaults of government in machine-readable form. technology officer,
"We are sending a strong signal to administrations today. Your data is
worth more if you give it away. So start releasing it now: use this
framework to join the other smart leaders who are already gaining
from embracing open data. Taxpayers have already paid for this
information, the least we can do is give it back to those who want to
use it in new ways that help people and create jobs and growth.”
(European Commission - Press release IP/11/1524 )
Commission Vice President Neelie
Kroes
13

14. Benefit of OGD
• One direct benefit of OGD is richer
governmental transparency:
– citizens are now able to access Opaque
the raw government data behind Raw Data
the previously-opaque Application
applications.
– Rather than being merely “read-
only” users, citizens can now
participate in collaborative
government data
access, including Read Only Collaborative access
• “mashing up” distributed
government data from different
agencies,
• discovering interesting patterns,
• customizing applications, and
• providing feedback to enhance the
quality of published government
data.
Reactive Proactive
Ding, Li et al (2011) “TWC LOGD: A Portal for Linked Open Government Data Ecosystems”.
Journal of Web Semantics 00 (2011) 1–10

15. Benefit of OGD
• Promote Innovation
• Promote Democracy • linking governments with app
programmers .
• Gov. From Data publisher to A
development Platform
Transactional
Open Data
e-Government
- Cost + Time efficient
- Increased Participation
- Security
- Increased Transparency
- Service Delivery
- Increased accountability
- Data is owned by
- Data is a public good
government
Customer Citizen

16. Technical Access to OGD
Technical & Legal access to OGD should,
• Ensure no dependency on the original
provider of the data by using bulk download,.
• Allow anyone else that obtain a copy can
redistribute it.
• Facilitate others to develop their own
services using the data,
16

17. Conceptual Model
Customers & Citizens
Citizens
Employees
Government Private Presentation
Digital Digital Layer
Services Services
Platform Layer
System Processes and WEB APIs
Open Data and Content Information
Layer
Adopted From: Digital Government: Building 21st Century platform to better Serve the American People, 23 may 2012

18. Formats of Data Sets
• Examples: • For Humans:
• CSV/XLS Comma- web pages, Documents
Separated Value Lists / Excel • For Download and Manipulation
spreadsheet
• TXT Raw Text files • Tabular eg CSV
• XML eXtensible Markup
• Geographical eg KML
Language • For Machines
• RDF Resource Description • For Application eg. XML
Framework, used for modelling • Linked Data e.g
information
RDF, OWL, URIs
• KML/KMZ Keyhole markup
language, suitable for viewing in • Over the wb eg. Web
Google Earth, Google Maps or Services, API
other supported applications
• ESRI shapefile overlays (spatial
data)
• etc

19. Data Format & Re-usability
Open Data + URL+
Link your data to
others to create
context
Open format + URL to identify data
Reusability
Use open non proprietary standard (CSV, XML)
Structured data ( Ex. MS Excel instead of Scanned
image
Data available on the web
Adapted from : Open Data White Paper, Unleashing the potential, June 2012 (UK Government) 19
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/CM8353_acc.pdf

20. More Open Innovative Responsive
Government Government Government
Make raw public data easy to access Drive innovation by letting user Increase responsiveness by
and reuse design tuning into social networks
• Make Data easily accessible online • Tap the creativity of citizens • Obtain real time feedback
• Make online data in accessible • Break down government silos on policy
formats • Generate healthy competition • Crowd source ideas
• Encourage Collaboration between • Change the culture • Communicate faster and
government departments better
• Inform the public
• Enhance accountability
• Government wide strategy and • Recognize the power of user • Systematically monitor what
policy of providing open access to designed application citizens are saying about
data • Design strategies for policies and services
• Promoting government openness capturing the potential of • Participate in social
• Encouraging Citizen participation user designed application networks
and engagement • Provide a much useful data as • Update regularly social
possible based on user media marketing strategy of
demand the government
• Let users decide which data is
useful

21. In General OGD
• Creates Opportunity of
– Stimulating growth and innovation
in the private sector
– Creating the potential to improve
public outcomes in nearly limitless
way
• By Combining
– The resourcefulness of online
citizens & entrepreneurs, with
– The power of factual data
21

22. Trends in OGD
• It is a Global movement and
collaboration, Supported by
– The Open Government Partnership ( Founded by
Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Norway, Philippines, South
Africa, United Kingdom, United States & has other 47
member states)
http://www.opengovpartnership.org/about
– US Government http://www.data.gov/communities/
– The World Bank (World Bank Open Data Initiatives)
– www.datacatalogs.org ( comprehensive list of open
data)
– http://opendatacommons.org/ , Open Data
Commons, Legal tool for open Data
– Open Knowledge Foundation
– Others…
(Useful Open Data Rsources@ http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEDEVELOPMENT/Resources/UsefulOpenDataResources.pdf)
22

23. Open data websites in government (Examples)
Website Government Lunch date
1 Data.gov U.S. May 2009.
2 Data.gov.uk U.K. September 2009.
3 data.govt.nz New Zealand Nov 2009.
4 data.norge.no Norwegian April 2010.
5 Data.gov.au Australian March 2011.
6 Data.gc.ca Canadian March 2011.
7 opendata.go.ke Kenyan Jul 2011.
8 data.overheid.nl Dutch Oct 2011.
9 datos.gob.cl Chilean Sept 2011.
10 data.gov.it Italian October 2011.
11 datos.gob.es Spanish October 2011.
12 datos.gub.uy Uruguayan November 2011.
13 data.gouv.fr French December 2011.
14 dados.gov.br Brazilian April 2012
wikipedia 23

24. Source: http://www.data.gov/opendatasites#mapanchor

25. Source: 2012 UN e-Government Survey
25

26. Purposes of OGD websites
Country Purpose/Example
0 US to make government more transparent and is committed
to creating an unprecedented level of openness in
Government; l strengthen Nation's democracy and
promote efficiency and effectiveness in Government. Democracy
1 Australia in order to promote greater participation in Australia’s
democracy; Encourage public access to and reuse of
government data
2 New Make it easier and low cost for businesses,
Zealand researchers, analysts and journalists and Economic
anyone with an interest in information - to growth
access the data they need and which can
promote economic growth
3 Canada to create socio-economic opportunities and promote
informed participation by the public by expanding
access to federal government data Transparency
4 UK to help people understand how government works and
how policies are made
5 Kenya Foster an innovation eco-system around Government
data Innovation
6 Ireland to improve access to the Irish Government data and to
esablish an innovative platform that can demonstrate
to government how and why they should share data 26

27. Kenyan Open Data
– Makes public government data accessible to the
people of Kenya.
– High quality national census data, government
expenditure, parliamentary proceedings and
public service locations etc
– The data is key to improving
• transparency;
• unlocking social and economic value;
• and building Government 2.0 in Kenya.
https://opendata.go.ke/

28. • Kenyan OpenData
https://opendata.go.ke/

29. • What is actually available?
– various datasets available, from central
government departments and a number
of other public sector bodies and local
authorities.
• one can use the data in all sorts of ways.
– Public:
• analyze trends over time from one policy area,
or to compare how different parts of
government go about their work.
– Technical users :
• will be able to create useful applications out of
the raw data files, which can then be used by
everyone.

30. Challenges
• Legacy IT architecture and Data Format
• Long standing Laws and Policies
• Existing public sector culture
– Secrecy
– New type of relationship
• Privacy related issues
– Personal data
– Anonymized data & Di-anonymization
– Pseudo-namized data
• Cost of Data
• Un-intended consequences
30

31. Government engagement
using social media
• Using Social Media
– Helps people be more informed about what gov't is
doing (82%)
– Makes government agencies and officials more
accessible (78%)
– Just delivers the same government information in
different ways (72%)
– (is a waste of government money (41/52%)

32. • Social Media • Through Social
– Enable two way • Government media Agencies
communication in agencies use
real time – Inform citizens
Social media to – Promote their
– Citizens can be
– improve public services
engaged as co-
services – Seek public
producer of
services – Reduce costs view and feed
– (EX. 66 % of US – Increase back
agencies use Social transparency – Monitor
media satisfaction
32

33. Trends in Social Media in Government
• UN e-government Survey 2012
– Government website of 78 member
state (40%) provides statements
“follow us on Facebook or twitter”
– 14 governments web sites (7%)
provides tools to obtain raw public
opinion through chat rooms or an
IM features
• Social Media increase citizens usage of e-Service
• Foster Social inclusiveness by reducing the e-service
usage divide among different socio-economic groups
• Indirect effect on e-Service=> greater social media
usage may increase trust and increase take up of e-
service

34. Trends in Social Media in Gov.
34

35. Trends in Social Media in Gov
35

36. • Open Data & Social Media: Beyond
transparency and service improvement
– Create possibility to users co-produce e-
Government information and services
– Collaboration with government to produce
services that are in the interests of citizens
– Collaboratively designing services
– Emergency response, recruiting volunteers

37. Some Research Issues (?)
• What are the best open data strategies for
Central ( and State and regional) governments?
• Public participation and collaboration will be key
to the success of Data.gov
• How can open data policies contribute to
increase citizens’ collaboration and participation
in government and provide an economic spur?
• How to integrate Open data strategies with e-
government and digital divide strategies?
• How to effectively leverage the opportunities
that social media provide?
37

38. The Future will be Open!
Thank you
terima kasih
38