1. Energy & Agriculture Rationale Agriculture as energy user AND energy supplier Energy inputs as improvements across the agricultural value chain E+Co’s work in Asia evolved around agriculture waste minimization, treatment and recapturing. Energy-related agriculture interventions Water access Mechanization Fertilizer AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

2. Enterprises as the link between agriculture and energy. Agriculture Enterprises Energy Production Harvesting Processing Marketing Supplies Efficiency Applications Extension Services Products Design & Implementation AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

3. Addressing challenges along the agriculture value chain with energy Productivity: deliver inputs and technical advice Water irrigation/ pumping equipment (solar PV, diesel) Bioslurry from biogas digester as fertilizer Mechanization: opportunities to generate energy for use in production process, improved income generation and/or rural electrification Agricultural waste to energy for electricity, industrial heat/ steam, biofuel to power value adding activities (milling, grinding, refrigeration, etc) Biofuels from jatropha Solar dryers Market Access: enhance link between farmers and buyers Solar powered mobile phone chargers, solar lanterns for night cultivation/ market activities AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

4. Illustration:Energy usage in cocoa bean production process E E (organic fertilizer?) (solar drying?) AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

5. Energy usage in cocoa bean production process(cont’d) E E E E E AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

6. Uses for Cocoa Waste Waste Opportunities How can waste boost farmer income? Fed through pod-chopping machines for onsite composting Bean shells converted into biomass fuel source (to power processes or for rural electricity) Waste Identification 2/3 of cocoa pod usually dumped as waste Leaf matter, prunings and pod husks, discarded beans that is usually burned AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

7. Multiple benefits Waste minimization Non chemical fertilizers Overcome energy constraints and encourage value adding processes Biomass substitute for traditional fuels lowers emissions Increase access to energy and agricultural income for farming communities AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

8. Brainstorm Identifying opportunities (Questions for agriculture- sector partners): Where are the critical numbers? What are waste management issues? Where is and what kind of energy needed? What are the constraints? Where is there increased value opportunity with energy? What would be the ideal energy input for farmers? AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010

9. Example 1: Improved energy inputs for fishermen AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010 Solar lanterns can provide fishermen with a brighter and safer light to fish at night Improved ovens for smoking fish have a longer life, larger capacity, provide high quality and uniformity of products, and consume less firewood. For women who traditionally smoke fish, this translates to less time and reduced health hazards for improved income.

10. Example 2: Overcoming energy constraints to boost farmer income AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010 Heifer’s solar dairy refrigeration, Kenya Rural dairy farmers can’t sell their evening milk as they are unable to refrigerate it overnight Dairy cooperatives as beneficiaries of Solar Ice Coolers for milk preservation and refrigeration. Milk can be transported to market before it spoils, increasing income.

11. Example 3: Renewable energy facilities for value-adding processes Solar drying facilities AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010 Masaka Organic Producers (MOP) MOP is a woman-owned business in Uganda (E+Co investee). Purchases mango, pineapple, apple, banana, paw-paw and jack-fruit from local farmers Dries the fruit using solar powered drying and heating systems Direct income guaranteed to 250 farmers

12. Example 4: Village-level Solar Market Garden AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010 Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF) in Benin Women farmers can now grow vegetables and fruits during dry season Solar irrigation systems that pay for themselves in 2-3 years, are durable, emissions-free and economical compared with gasoline/ diesel powered pumps

13. Example 5: Industry-level agricultural waste to rural electricity AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010 Husk Power Systems is a new enterprise in India that owns and operates 35-100kw mini power plants These mini power plants use discarded rice husks to deliver electricity to over 50,000 rural Indians Turning rice husk into electricity, powering LED lights of a nearby village

14. Example 6: Community microgrid system using biomass E+Co recently announced expansion of partnership with PMO Philippines to implement a business model to catalyze rural electrification in SE Asia Community Energizer Platform (CEP)= a microgrid system combining electricity generation with distribution and household interconnection. Each serves 1,000- 2,000 households. System relies on locally produced biomass (agricultural waste, primarily coconuts) to reduce fossil fuel reliance by 30 – 70% AGENT (Agriculture-Energy-Enterprise Initiative) by E+Co, August 2010