The document discusses the law of demand theory and the concept of equi-marginal utility. It defines demand and outlines the determinants and characteristics of demand curves. It explains the law of demand, exceptions to the law, and how movement along and shifts of the demand curve occur due to various factors. It then discusses the law of equi-marginal utility, how utility schedules work, and how this law relates to the law of demand through substitution and income effects for consumer equilibrium.