Deskripsi mengenai lumu dalam bahasa Inggris diperuntukkan bagi mahasiswa pg-mipa-u dan sbi

1. LICHENES
By :
Muhammad Khalil

2. Introduction
 Lichens are symbiotic mutualism organisms
between fungi and photobionts
 The fungi are most commonly Ascomycota and
The photobionts are either algae or
cyanobacteria.
 The photobiont supplies the association organic
carbon from photosynthesis, and the mycobiont
ensures protection, and regulates the supply of
minerals and water.
 Lichens are common primary colonisers of
stressful habitats, they are major structural
determinants of extremely cold environments,
and extremely dry climates.

3. Morphology of Lichens
In cross section Lichenes talus , visible
fungal hyphae bind cell - cell algae it
still alive but unable to reproduce cells
own institution .
The interior of the talus consists of
woven hyphae and a tenuous layer of
terrace / empulus .
For talusnya Lichenes that resembles
sheets, usually attached with threads
resembling rizoid . While the end of the
bush like the free end of the talus in the
air .
Fungi components often can form
spores and only if it falls close Lichenes
forming algae which is symbiotic.

4. Anatomy of lichenes
Outer layer ( cortex )
This layer is composed of fungal cells dense
and strong , keep lichens can grow . Form
a dense tangle of hyphae called
pseudoparenchyma mushrooms .
Layer Gonidium
A layer containing algae that produce the
food with photosynthesis .
Layer pith
Composed of yeast cells that are not
meeting , serves to store water supplies
and the place of breeding .
 Under cortex
The coating consists of a very dense
structure of hyphae and stretched
vertikalterhadap Thallus surface or parallel
to the outer skin . Below the cortex is often
in the form of a root ( rhizines ) .

5. Clasification

8.  Vegetatify
Lichenes that reproduce by vegetative means is as follows:
1 . Most talus breakaway that would later develop into a new
individual .
2 . Proliferation via soredia . Soredia is a group of cells that
are dividing algae enveloped by hyphae - hyphae Fungi .
Soredia is often formed in a specific part of the talus that has
clear boundaries that sorala .
3 . Breeding with Fungi spores are only produced if the new
Lichenes Fungi can find a suitable partner algae .
Reproduction

9. Generative
Breeding usually occurs in sexually
Basidiolichen . This proliferation through
spores produced by fungi hyphae - hyphae
were then met by a suitable algal partner
there will be sexual fusion and meiosis .