1. THE HEART

5. Left ventricle

16. Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Heart Failure

24. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Gross excellent example of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

25. Heart, concentric left ventricular hypertrophy -

26. Smooth muscle cells are proliferating and undergoing hypertrophy in an attempt to cope with rapidly rising blood pressure.

27. Lung, massive pulmonary hemorrhage and infarct - Pulmonary edema & congestion

29. Marked interstitial edema with hilar indistinctness, Kerley B lines,

30. Cardiomegaly and pleural effusion (on the right side) in a patient with heart failure.

32. The vessel walls contain a smudgy, eosinophilic, fibrin-like material. Area of acute hemmorhage in thalamus

33. CAUSES OF RHF Cause What is it? How does it cause right-sided heart failure? Left-sided heart failure Left ventricle does not pump blood efficiently, leading to pressure buildup behind the left side of the heart that eventually causes the right side of the heart to fail Blood backs up behind the left ventricle into the left atrium, in the lungs, and then eventually in to the right ventricle, which also eventually fails, allowing blood to then back up further into the extremities, the liver, and the other organs. Chronic lung disease Includes emphysema, embolism, and other causes of pulmonary hypertension High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries increases workload of the right ventricle, eventually causing the RVF

34. Coronary artery disease Blockage of the arteries that supply blood to your heart CAD can cause left-sided heart failure leading to right-sided heart failure, or can directly cause right-sided heart failure by blocking blood supply to the right ventricle Pulmonic stenosis Narrowing of the pulmonic valve that limits blood flow out of the right ventricle ncreases the work of the right ventricle; similar to chronic lung disease Tricuspid stenosis Narrowing of the tricuspid valve Limits blood flow out of the right atrium, causing enlargement of the right atrium and backup of blood flowing to it Left-to-right shunt An abnormal connection between the left and right side of the heart, usually present from birth Causes a volume overload of the right ventricle, similar to tricuspid regurgitation

36. Right ventricular enlargement due to a patent ductus arteriosus in a patient with hyaline membrane disease

37. Nutmeg liver Congestion and coagulative necrosis of the centrilobular area (left). Inflammation is mild.

38. The major signs and symptoms of heart failure.