SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  19
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
                                 A Must Magazine for Competitive Exams

                                                                   MAY 2011

                                                                 Volume : 05




                                                                           Editor
                                                                 D.V. Raghu Ram
                                                               M.A., PGDHRM, DTEM


      Note: Although every care has been taken to avoid errors of omission, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that information
  given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editors, publishers and sellers
  who do not owe any responsibility for any damage or loss to any person, a purchaser of this publication or not, for the result of any action taken on the
  basis of this work. The publishers shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out correction in the next edition.




ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤                                                    1
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

        Ñ≤ZãπZbfi-ã‘16 „ѨÜ≥∂QÆO q[Ü«∞=O`«O
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

              NǨ Ï iHÀ@ #∞O_ç U„Ñ≤ Ö ò 20             «u§ŒÕ¢:                                          §ŒâÅý¬Çšü:
                                                                                                             -
L^ŒÜ∞« O 10.12 QÆO@ʼnõΩ xOyÖ’H˜ Zyi#                             XÔ‡®ý‡©ü-OЮÏ16 ÅŒ§ÖKÂË ª½Ö.95
                                                                      --              Œ-                     ¨ …X¾“- ’¹£ÉEo ¦μǪ½ÅÐŒ ª½³Äu ®¾¢§Œá-
                                                                                                                        ¾          - -
Ñ≤ZãπZbfi ã≤16 `«# <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ^Œâ◊Å#∞                      Âî{Õx, «âœ¿Õ …X¾“- ’¹£É©Â¹× ª½Ö.135 Âî{Õx. ¹h¢’à ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-Íêá.
                                                                            -¾
x~° ‚ ~ ÚOz# 㨠= ∞Ü« ∞ OÖ’ ˆ H Ï~ÚOz#                                                           ¦ª½Õ«Û:
Hõ H õ Δ ºÖ’H˜ KÕ ~ ° ∞ ‰õ Ω Ok. ~À^Œ ã ‘ Ö ’H˜
                                                       „çáÅŒh¢ Ȫ½Õa ª½Ö.230 Âî{Õx.
^Œ∂ã¨∞‰õΩáÈ~Ú# Ѷ¨∞# WO^è•xH˜ K≥Ok#                    J²ò-ªýq¬ÇšüÐ2:
                                                               -                                             92 ÂË©ð©Õ, °N-ÅÂé¢: 骢œä@ÁÙ,x
                                                                                                                                -Œ
"≥Ú^Œ ˜^Œâ◊Ö’ ÃãHõ#∞‰õΩ 1.7H˜.g∞. "ÕQÆO`À
                                                                                                  “¦¼μ«Õº ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢: 101.35 ENÕ-³Ä©Õ, ŠÂ¹ˆ
                                                                 2003©ð ƒ“²ò “X§ÖT¢-*Ê J²ò-
                                                                                  ¾ ç-
157 ÃãHõ # ¡ ‰ õ Ω Ô ~ O_» = ^Œ â ◊ ‰ õ Ω ~åÔ H ò     ªýq¬ÇšüÐ1 ²Än¯ÃEo ƒC ¦μ¼Kh Íä®Õ¾ h¢C.
                                                          -
                                                                                                  ªîVÂ¹× “¦¼μ«Õ-ºÇ©Õ: 14
KÕ~°∞‰õΩOk. JHõ¯_»#∞O_ç ÃãHõ#∞‰õΩ 3.95                                                                  …X¾§Ö’¹¢:
                                                                                                           - ç
H˜.g∞. "ÕQÆO`À 265 ÃãHõ#¡‰õΩ =¸_»= ^Œâ◊
                                                       ¦ª½Õ«Û:
                                                                                                                  ʹ~“ÅéÕ, „ÃÅÃ-«-ª½º ÆŸμ¿u-§ŒÕ-
„áê~°OÉè"∞≥ Ok. P ^ŒâÖ’ 5.9 H˜.g∞. "ÕQO`À
             í ÿ             ◊                   Æ                1206 ÂË©ð©Õ, °N-ÅÂé¢: ‰Ÿä@ÁÙ,x
                                                                                         -Œ             Ê¢©ð X¾J¬ðŸμ¹ NŸÄu-ª½Õ©Â¹× ÅîœÄp{Õ.
                                                                                                                - ¿            -n
Ѩ Ü « ∞ xOz# ~åÔ H ò <åÅ∞QÆ = ^Œ â ◊ ‰ õ Ω           “¦¼μ«Õº ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢: 101.35 ENÕ-³Ä©Õ, ŠÂ¹ˆ          ‡ÂúqÐ-¬Çšü:
KÕ ~ ° ∞ ‰õ Ω Ok. H© Å Hõ " ≥ ∞ ÿ # „^Œ = WO^è Œ #     ªîVÂ¹× “¦¼μ«Õ-ºÇ©Õ: 14
^Œ â ◊ ` Àáê@∞ 822 H˜ . g∞. Z`« ∞ Î # L#fl
                                                                                                                   ƒC ®Ï¢’¹XܪýÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ „çá{d„á-
                                                                                                                           -¾                 -ç
JO`« i Hõ Δ O Ö’H˜ =¸_» ∞ LѨ „ QÆ Ç ¨  Å#∞
                                                                  «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ¢, •©-«Êª½Õ©Õ, “’ÃOÕ-ºÇ-
                                                                                    --                  Ÿ¿šË …X¾-“’¹£¾Ç¢.
Ñ≤ Z ãπ Z bfi JÖ’=Hõ Q Í 18.16 ÃãHõ # ¡
                                                       Gμ«%Cl,´ °« ƒ¢Ÿμ¯Ã©Õ ÅŒCŪ½ ª½¢’é¹×
                                                         -                     -¿      - Œ              ¦ª½Õ«Û : 106 ÂË©ð©Õ.
㨠= ∞Ü« ∞ OÖ’ „Ѩ " Õ â ◊ Ã Ñ ˜ ì `« # Ѩ x x        殫©Õ. X¾¢{© ¯ÃºuÅŒ, Æ{O²Ä¢“ŸÅ,Œ ®¾ª½-  ¿        …X¾§Ö’¹¢:
                                                                                                           - ç
=ÚyOzOk. `˘Å∞`« 1206 H˜ Ö ’Å                           ®¾Õq©Õ, J•-ªÃy-§ÕŒ ª©ð …Êo FšË²Änªá ’¹ÕJh¢X¾Û.
                                                                          - ½x       -
                                                                                                                           J„çÖšü-å®-Eq¢’û, ƒ„äÕèü “¤Äå®-®¢’û
                                                                                                                                         -                                              Ï
|~°∞=ÙQÆÅ s™È~üû âßò-2 LѨ„QÆÇxfl KÕ~Û° QÍ  ¨         ®¾«á“ŸÄ-©ðxE ¯ö¹© ²ÄnÊ¢, „ä’¹¢ ÅŒCŪ½ ®¾«Ö-
                                                                                            -Œ          ²Ä¢êÂA¹ X¾JèÇc¯Ã© X¾KÂË~¢ÍŒœÄ-EÂË.
                                                                                                                    -                 - -                          -
92 ÔH.rÅ Ü«¸`ü âßò, 106 ÔH.rÅ ZH±û                    ÍÃ-ªÃEo ¨ «u«®¾n ’¹ÕJh®Õ¾ h¢C. ¨ …X¾“- ’¹£Ç¢
                                                                                  -                ¾
âßò LѨ„QÆǨÅ∞ Ô~O_»∞ XˆH™êi HõHõΔ ºÖ’H˜
                                                                                                        骢œä@Á©ð ÍŒ¢“Ÿ§Ö¯þÐ2
                                                                                                                    -x                       -¿ Œ
                                                       Æ¢C¢Íä ¤¶ñšð©Õ «Õªî 15 Ÿä¬Ç©Â¹× “X§Ö-     ¾ ç
KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú.                                         •Ê¢.                                                                ÍŒ¢“Ÿ§Ö¯þÐ2 “X§Ö’¹¢ 2013Ð14
                                                                                                                                           -¿ Œ               ¾ ç
              Hõ H õ Δ ºÖ’H˜ KÕ ~ ° ∞ ‰õ Ω #fl =¸_» ∞                                                    ‚Jn¹ ®¾¢«-ÅqŒ ª½¢©ð …¢{Õ¢-ŸE ¦μǪ½ÅŒ ƢŌ-
                                                                                                                                    -                           ¿
                                                        i™È~üûâßò-2 =Å¡ LѨÜ≥∂QÍÅ∞
LѨ„QÆǨÖ’¡ s™È~üû âßò 2, Ü«¸`ü âßò                                                                  J¹~ X¾J¬ð-ŸÊ ®¾¢®¾n Í쪽t¯þ éÂ.ªÃ-ŸÄ¹%†¯þ “X¹-
                                                                                                                       - ¿μ                           jç                    μ - - g¾ ¾
=∞# ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok#q HÍQÆ, ZH±û âßò                               J`åº^èŒ∞xHõ ™êOˆHuHõ Ѩi*Ï˝#O`À        šË¢Íê½Õ. ªÃÊÕÊo œÄ-C©ð «âœ¿Õ XÔ‡®ý‡-
                                                                                                            -                                                                          - -
ã≤OQÆѨÓ~ü ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok#k. Ü«¸`ü âßò                  ~°∂á⁄OkOz# i™È~üûâßò-2 ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞                ©üO, ŠÂ¹ °‡-®ý‡©üO „ã¾Ç¹ ¯ö¹©ÊÕ “X§Ö-
                                                                                                                                        --                                   -        ¾ ç
LѨ „ QÆ Ç ¨ Ï O "å`å=~° } O, #Hõ Δ „ `åÅ              i"≥∂ò ÃãxûOQ∑ LѨ„QÆǨÅ „âı}˜Ö’ 18=            T-²Äh«ÕE „ç©œ¢Íê½Õ. 2016©ð ¯Ã²ÄÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ
                                                                                                                  -             -x Ë -
J^è Œ º Ü« ∞ <åxH˜ LѨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÆ Ñ ¨ _ » # ∞<åfl~Ú.      LѨ „ QÆ Ç ¨ Ï O. 2003Ö’ „Ѩ Ü ≥ ∂ yOz#          èãšü “¤ñX¾©¯þ ©ã¦ðêª{K (èäX‡©ü)Åî ƒ“²ò
                                                                                                                           -¥                            -               -Ô
s™È~üûâßò LѨ„QÆǨÏOÖ’ á⁄O^Œ∞Ѩiz#                    i™È~üûâßò-1 HÍÅѨiq∞u ^•˜#O^Œ∞#                ®¾¢§Œá¹h¢’à ͌¢“ŸÕ¿ œåË Xj X¾J¬ð-ŸÊ©Õ ÍäX{-d
                                                                                                                                                    -             - -¿ μ                  -¾
=¸_»∞ ÔH=∞~åÅ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O`À <å}º`«,                      LѨ„QÆÇ¨Ï P^è•i`« ^Œ∂~° ѨijÅ# ¿ã=Å∞             ÊÕ-Êo{Õx ÅçL¤Äª½Õ. ê«©¢ ¹¹~u©ð¯ä X¾JNÕÅŒ¢
                                                                                                                              -                                      -              -
J`«ºkèHõ "≥·âßźO QÆÅ KèåÜ«∂z„`åÅ#∞                    x~° O `« ~ ° O JOkOK« _ ®xH˜ nxfl                 ÂùעœÄ ÍŒ¢“ŸÕ¿ E OÕŸ¿ Aª½Õ’¹ÕÅŒÖ Ê«â-                        -
¿ãHõ i OKÕ O ^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω ZO`« Q Í<À LѨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÆ         „ѨÜ≥∂yã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. i™È~üûâßò-1Ö’ L#fl            ¯Ã©Õ æ®Â¹J¢Íä NŸμ¢’à DEo ª½ÖX¾Â¹©pÊ Íä®Õ¾ h-
                                                                                                                         -                        ¿                            --
Ѩ _ » # ∞Ok. JO`Õ Q ͉õ Ω O_® WO^Œ ∞ Ö’               q^èŒOQÍ<Õ iâßò-2Ö’ ‰õÄ_® 3 ÔH"≥∞~åÅ#∞           ¯Ão-«ÕE ÅçL¤Äª½Õ. ¨ œÄC W¯þ©ð XÔ‡®ý-
                                                                                                                                  -                                                            -
á⁄O^Œ∞Ѩiz# LѨHõ~°}ÏÅ∞ ã¨=Ú„^•ÅÖ’¡x                   P=∞~åÛ~°∞. =¸_»∞ ÃãÊ„HõìÖò ÉϺO_£ûÖ’             ‡-MyЮÏ17 „ã¾Ç¹ ¯ö¹ ŸÄyªÃ °¬ÇšüÐ12 …X¾-
<ÒHõÅ "ÕQÆO, LxH˜x Ѩã≤QÆ@ì#∞<åfl~Ú.                    "≥·Öò¤Ñ‘Ť~ü Ãã#û~ü J=∞~åÛ~°∞. ã¨=Ú„^•Ö’¡        “’¹£ÉEo ƢŌJ¹~¢©ðÂË “X§ÖT¢-ÍÊÕ-¯Ão-«ÕE
                                                                                                           -¾                          -- -                ¾ ç - -Œ
ÔH"≥∞~åÅ ^•fi~å ¿ãHõiOz# KèåÜ«∂z„`åÅ#∞
                                                       <ÒHõÅ∞ uiˆQ LxH˜x, "ÕQÆO "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·#
~å_®~°¡ ÃãO@~°‰Ω ѨO¿ÑO^Œ∞‰õΩ LѨ„QÆÇÏOÖ’
                        ¡õ                     ¨
                                                                                                        „ç©œ¢Íê½Õ. ƒŸä ®¾¢«-ÅqŒ ª½¢ ‚È-ª½Õ©ð XÔ‡®ý-
                                                                                                              -x Ë -                                                                         -
                                                       POâßÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ LѨÜ≥∂QÆ
400 lQÍ Éˇ·@¡ ™ê=∞~°÷ºO QÆÅ Ô~O_»∞
                                                                                                        ‡MyЮÔ18, «Íäa œÄC XÔ‡®ý‡MyЮÔ19 „ã¾Ç¹           - --
iHÍ~°∞¤Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® W„™È á⁄O^Œ∞ѨizOk.                    Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok.                                      ¯ö¹©ÊÕ “X§ÖT²Äh«ÕE N«-J¢-Íê½Õ.
                                                                                                                -           ¾ ç-- -

                                                                           2                                                            ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

                        ÖË>ˇãπì HõÔ~Oò [#~°Öò <åÖˇ_£˚
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
 5432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432
 543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543211
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                 J"å~°∞¤Å∞
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                    "≥∞^ŒH± HõàÏHÍ~°∞_çH˜ 'ÉèÏ~°`« qHÍ㨠                    WÖÏ Éèíò‰õΩ Ç¨~°fi~ü¤ =iû© J"å~°∞¤
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
98765432121098765432109876543210987654321                         ~°`«fl—                                               „Ѩ=ÚY JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ HÍi‡Hõ <Õ`,« ÃãÖòÊù
 ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤ á⁄Ok# ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞        "≥∞^ŒH± lÖÏ¡ |O^•~°O „QÍ=∂xH˜ K≥Ok#                                -ZOáê¡Üü∞_£ =Ù"≥∞<£û J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞+¨<£ (¿ã"å)
                                                                                                            =º=™ê÷Ѩ‰õΩ~åÖˇ·#
            „Ѩ=ÚY∞Å∞             „Ѩ=ÚY *Ï#Ѩ^Œ HõàÏHÍ~°∞_»∞ Ñ≤e¡@¡ „ѨHÍ+π‰õΩ                             WÖÏ           Éè í  ò ‰ õ Ω
         <ÀɡÖò „ÃÑ·*ò JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞OQÍ ZO`«         HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞íè `«fiO 'ÉèÏ~°`« qHÍ㨠~°`fl« — ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl
                                                   ˆ                                                        „Ѩ u ëêì ` « ‡ Hõ " ≥ ∞ ÿ #
„Ѩuëêª`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ#^À ~°K«#Å∞, Ѩ„uHÍ ~°K«#          „ѨHõ ˜OzOk. ÉèÏ~°`« „ѨÉèí∞`«fi ã¨=∂Kå~°,               Ǩ  ~åfi~ü ¤ =iû©
~°OQÍÖ’¡ ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤ JO`Õ „Ѩuëêª`«‡H         „Ѩ™ê~åÅ =∞O„u`«fi âßYÖ’x ˆQÜ«∞, <å@Hõ                    #∞Oz '~å_£ H ˜ ¡ Ñ ¶ π
"∞≥ #k. D J"å~°∞#∞ QÆ_z# U_»∞#fl~° ^ŒâßÉÏÌÖ’¡
õ ÿ                    ¤  ç                        qÉèÏQÆO, ɡOQÆà¥~°∞Ö’x qâıfi~°∞fi~°Ü∞« º ᶜO_Õ+<£
                                                                     ◊                                 ¨    W<£ã@∂ºò "≥∞_»Öò—
                                                                                                                  ì≤
#Å∞QÆ∞~°∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ∞ ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩx ^Õâ◊ H©iÎ      ã¨OÜ«ÚHõÎOQÍ D J"å~°∞¤#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~Ú.                  JaèOzOk. '¿ã"å—
„Ѩu+¨ªÅ#∞ W#∞=∞_çOѨ*Ëâß~°∞. g~°O`å qq^èŒ                                                                  㨠fi K« Û O^Œ 㨠O 㨠÷
                                                       =∂iì<£ sãπ‰õΩ >ˇOѨÙÖò@<£ „ÃÑ·*ò                     ^•fi~å ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 10
~°OQÍÖ’¡ xëê‚`«∞ÖË. 1937Ö’ [~°fle[OÖ’
ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤#∞ QÀqO^£ cǨs ÖÏÖò ÔH·=ã¨O            „a˜+π YQÀà◊âß„ã¨Î"Õ`«Î =∂iì<£ *ˇ.sãπ               ÅHõΔÅ =∞Ok ÉèÏ~°`«
                                                   2011 㨠O =`« û ~° O >ˇ O Ѩ Ù Öò @ <£ „ÃÑ· * ò ‰ õ Ω    =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞O Láêkè á⁄O^ÕÖÏ PÅO|#QÍ
KÕ ã ¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω <åfl~° ∞ . PÜ« ∞ # HÍeá¶ È iflÜ« ∂
Ü«¸x=i≈©Ö’ 1912Ö’ QÆ∞~°∞ QÀqO^£ã≤OQ∑                                                                       xÅ=_»O ^•fi~å 77 Uà◊¡ Éèíò KÕã≤# qâı+¨
                                                                                                            Hõ$+≤H˜, ã¨=∂[OÃÑ·# P"≥∞ K«∂Ñ≤# „ѨÉèÏ"åxH˜
™êÇ≤ÏÉò ™ê¯Å~ü+≤Ñπ g∞^Œ q^•ºÉèϺã¨O KÕâß~°∞.
                                                                                                            QÆ∞iÎOѨÙQÍ D Ѩ`«HÍxfl |Ǩ˙HõiOK«#∞#fl@∞¡
âß<£„á¶êxû™È¯ ZQÍ˚q∞#~ü Ãã·<£û Z_ç@~üQÍ Ñ¨x                                                                 Ǩ~åfi~ü¤ =iû©H˜ K≥Ok# ~å_£H˜¡Ñ¶π W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò
KÕâß~°∞. P `«~°∞"å`« 2000 ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’                                                                      "≥Å¡_çOzOk. ã¨=∂[OÃÑ· QÆ}hÜ«∞ „ѨÉèÏ=O
                                                   ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~°∞. J"å~°∞¤ H˜O^Œ 1.6 q∞eÜ«∞<£                K«∂Ñ≤Oz# =º‰õΩÎʼnõΩ WKÕÛ D Ѩ`«HÍxfl ~å_£H˜¡Ñ¶π
                                                   _®Å~°¡ #QÆ^Œ∞#∞ |Ǩ˙Hõi™êÎ~°∞. J"≥∞iH͉õΩ                _Õ ã¨ O ^Œ ~ ° ƒ ù O QÍ "Õ ∞ 27# Éè í  ò ‰ õ Ω
                                                   K≥Ok# >ˇOѨÙÖò@<£ ᶜO_Õ+¨<£ D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl              |Ǩ˙HõiOK«#∞#fl@∞¡ =iû© „ѨHõ ˜OzOk.
                                                   U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤Ok.                                           P"≥∞#∞ D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O`À Q“~°qã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ
                                                      ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨‚<£ "≥·@Öò "å~ÚÃããπ                       QÆ~fiѨ_∞`«∞#fl@∞¡ ~å_£HÑπ¶ W<£ã@∂ºò ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok.
                                                                                                                ° »                      ¡˜ ì≤
                                                               ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O                                  „>Ë_£ Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞QÍ LO_Õ
                                                                                                            '¿ã"å— ã¨Oã¨÷#∞ Éèíò 1972Ö’ ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞.
                                                             ÉÏeHõ Å ∞, =∞Ç≤ Ï à◊ Å q„Hõ Ü « ∂ xfl           `«~åfi`« '¿ã"å— P^èŒfi~°ºOÖ’ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡ ~°∞}ÏÅ∞,
                                                   JiHõ>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ qâı+¨OQÍ Hõ$+≤ KÕã¨∞Î#fl _®Hõì~ü           P~ÀQƺ, rq`« c=∂, tâ◊√ ã¨O~°HõΔ}ÖÏO˜
J"≥∞iHÍÖ’ ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_ç# „Ѩ"å㨠ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú~åÅ∞         ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨‚<£ „Ѩuëêª`«‡Hõ '"≥·@Öò "å~ÚÃããπ            HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ =O^Œ‰Ωõ ÃÑQÍ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ
                                                                                                                                                ·
~°≠∞Oáê ÖÏ„Ç≤Ï HÍÅÊxHõ ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºOÖ’ ѨÙe@˚~ü        QÀ¡|Öò b_»~ü+≤Ñπ J"å~°∞¤— JO^Œ∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.                ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~° ã¨OѶ¨∂Å∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞. 2010
J"å~°∞¤#∞ ÔH·=ã¨O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P"≥∞ ~åã≤#       "å+≤OQÆì<£ ˆHO„^ŒOQÍ Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã "≥·@Öò "å~ÚÃããπ             <å˜H˜ '¿ã"å— ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ ã¨OYº 12 ÅHõΔʼnõΩ
"≥Ú^Œ ˜ #=Å 'k <Õ"£∞¿ãH±— P^è•~°OQÍ g∞~å          ã¨fiK«ÛùO^Œã¨Oã¨÷ UÏ =∂#=ǨωõΩ¯Å HÀã¨O                  KÕ~°∞‰õΩOk.
<åÜ«∞~ü K«Å#z„`åxfl xi‡OKå~°∞. ɡOQÍÖòH˜            áÈ~å_Õ"åiH˜ D J"å~°∞¤Å#∞ „Ѩ^è•#O KÕã¨∞ÎOk.                Hõ#fl_» ~°K«~Ú`« Éèˇ·~°Ñ¨Ê‰õΩ ã¨~°ã¨fif
                                                   D™êi ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨<`À áê@∞ |~å‡ „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º
                                                                        ‚ £
K≥Ok# ~°≠∞Oáê Å„Ç≤Ï „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O Hõà◊Å∞, W`«~°       Ü≥∂^èŒ∞~åÅ∞ POQ∑ ™ê<£ ã¨∂H©, W„*ÏÜ≥∞Öò âßOu                            ã¨=∂‡<£
~°OQÍÖ’¡ „ÃÑã≤_Oò |~åH± XÉÏ=∂H˜ ã¨ÅǨ WKÕÛ
                ≥                                  HÍ~°ºHõ~°ÎÅ∞ Öˇ·~å<£ ÃÑÖˇQ∑-ǨÏ_Àg∞, ™ÈǨ                          „Ѩ u ëêª ` « ‡ Hõ 㨠~ ° ã ¨ fi f 㨠= ∂‡<£
Hõq∞©Ö’ ã¨Éèí∞º~åeQÍ L<åfl~°∞.                     YuÜ≥∞Éò HÍ"≥∞~°∂<£ J^茺HõΔ JÉèíºi÷ HÍÇπÏ "åÖÏ,          ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O-2011‰õΩ Hõ#fl_» ~°K«~Ú`« ZãπZÖò
        =∞~À =¸_Õà◊¡‰õΩ (2003Ö’) ÉèÏ~°`«           JѶ¨…x™ê÷<£ L^Œº=∞HÍi}˜ á¶êu=∂ JHõƒs,                    Éè~ÑÊ ZOÑ≤HÜ∂º~°∞. PÜ«∞# #=Å '=∞O„^•—‰õΩ
                                                                                                              ·ˇ ° ¨        õ «
                                                   J"≥∞iHÍ K«@ìã¨Éèí‰õΩ n~°…HÍÅOQÍ „áêux^茺O               QÍ#∞ J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk. 2000-09 =∞^茺 22
ã¨O`«uH˜ K≥Ok# w`å P#O^£ [~°fleã¨∞ìQÍ,              =Ç≤Ïã¨∞Î#fl XHõ ã¨Éèí∞º~åeH© g˜x „ѨHõ ˜OKå~°∞.         ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ÉèÏ+¨Ö’¡x #=ÅÅ#∞ ѨijeOz
~°K«~Ú„uQÍ ã¨∞„Ѩã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞. P"≥∞ QÆ`«OÖ’ É’ã¨ì<£    ÃÇ·Ï„^•ÉÏ^£Ö’x „Ѩ[Å ã¨fiK«ÛùO^Œã¨Oã¨÷ ã¨Ç¨Ï              '=∞O„^•— #∞ ZOÑ≤HõKÕã≤#@∞¡ ã¨∞„Ñ‘OHÀ~°∞ì =∂r
QÀ¡ÉòH˜ á⁄e˜HÖò ~@~üQÍ =º=ǨÏiOKå~°∞. "åÖò
               õ Ô·                                =º=™ê÷Ѩ‰õΩ~åeQÍ =º=ǨÏiã¨∞Î#fl ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨‚<£           „Ѩ ^ è • # <åºÜ« ∞ =¸iÎ rc Ѩ  ÏflÜ« ∞ H±
„ã‘ò [#~°ÖòH˜ `«~K∞« "庙êÅ∞ ~å¿ã"å~°∞. P"≥∞‰õΩ
   ì              °                                =ºaè K å~° O HÀ㨠O |Å=O`« q„Hõ Ü « ∂ xH˜                <Õ`«$`«fiOÖ’x ZOÑ≤Hõ Hõq∞© ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. ˆHˆH a~å¡
                                                   QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl ZO`À=∞Ok Ñ≤Å¡Å∞, =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞                 ᶜO_Õ+¨<£ <≥ÅH˘eÊ# D J"å~°∞¤ H˜O^Œ ~°∂.
2003Ö’ ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk. D J"å~°∞¤         HÍáê_®~° ∞ . "åi Ѩ Ù #~å"å™êxH© áê@∞                    7.5 ÅHõΔÅ #QÆ^Œ∞, *Ï˝Ñ≤Hõ JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞.
á⁄Ok# #=Å#∞ K«Å# z„`«OQÍ xi‡OKå~°∞.                Ѩ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞.

 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤                                               3
xëê ~å[QÀáêÖò‰õΩ ZO.Zãπ.                          ZOÑ≤ H õ KÕ â ß~° ∞ . =∞# ~åRO #∞Oz 44
         ã¨∞|ƒÖH˜Δ‡ J"å~°∞¤                            ѨOKåÜ«∞fʼnõΩ D MϺu ^ŒH˜¯Ok.
        "≥ Ú @ì " ≥ Ú ^Œ  ˜ 'Ç≤ Ï O^Œ ∂ 㨠i QÆ = ∞    +¨Ç‘Ï<å‰õΩ K«"Õ∞b ^Õ= *ˇ·<£ J"å~°∞¤
ZO.Zãπ. ã¨∞|∞ƒÅH˜Δ ‡ J"å~°∞¤ Hõ~å‚@Hõ ã¨Ow`«                     'FÃÑ<£— =∂ºQÆ*<£ Hõ~™êÊO_≥Oò +¨ÇÏ<å
                                                                               ·ˇ °               ‘
HõàÏHÍi}˜ xëê ~å[QÀáêÖò‰õΩ ÅaèOzOk.                    ÔH.ÔH.‰õΩ 2010 ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ K«"Õ∞b ^Õ= *ˇ·#
2010Ö’ <≥ÅH˘eÊ# D J"å~°∞¤#∞ Hõ~å‚@Hõ                   J"å~° ∞ ¤ # ∞ =∂iÛ 15# #∂º_è ç b ¡ Ö ’
ã¨Ow`«OÖ’ „áêg}ºO QÆ_çOz# 25-35 =∞^茺                 |Ǩ˙HõiOKå~°∞. g∞_çÜ«∂Ö’ J`«∞º`«Î=∞ „ѨuÉèí
=Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’ L#fl "åiH˜ JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞.                     Hõ#|~°z# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ D J"å~°∞¤ W™êÎ~°∞.                ¿ã=Å∞ JOkOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êOˆHuHõ Ѩi*Ï˝<åxfl
   HõÑ≤Öò‰õΩ QÀ¡|Öò _≥·=iû© J"å~°∞¤                   +¨Ç‘Ï<å QÆ`« 13 Uà◊√¡QÍ „Ñ≤Oò, >ˇeq[<£                㨠~ Àfi`« Î = ∞ Ѩ ^ Œ ú u Ö’ LѨ Ü ≥ ∂ y㨠∂ Π㨠O 㨠÷
                                                       g∞_çÜ«∂Ö’ ѨxKÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.                             ~°∂ѨHõÅÊ# KÕã≤# >ˇb "≥∞_çã¨<£ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ D
             ÉèÏ~°`« ^ÕâßxH˜ `˘e™êiQÍ „H˜ÔHò                                                                 J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk. ÃÇÏKüZOP~üS ã‘DF _®Hõ~ü             ì
„ѨÑOK« HõÑ#∞ ™êkèOz Ãј# [@∞ì HÃÑ<£ HõÑÖò
        ¨       π            ì     Ô ì ≤                 KÒ"≥∂ǨÏÖÏ¡ áêºÖˇãπ‰õΩ Ü«Ú<≥™È¯
^Õ " £ # ∞ „H© _ » Å ‰õ Ω                                                                                     ÉÏÖÏr B@¡ ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^£ Ö ’ [iy#
                                                               "å~°ã¨`«fi J"å~°∞¤                              HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ =ÚYº=∞O„u H˜~°}ü‰õΩ=∂~üÔ~_ç¤
ã¨O|OkèOz 2011
㨠O =`« û ~åxH˜                                              ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’x KÒ"≥ÚǨÏÖÏ¡ áêºÖˇã‰Ω
                                                                ·                               πõ            KÕ`«∞Åg∞^Œ∞QÍ D J"å~°∞¤#∞ ã‘fiHõiOKå~°∞.
QÍ#∞ QÀ¡ | Öò                                          Pã≤Ü«∂ Ѩã≤Ѷ≤H± "å~°ã¨`«fi J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk.              a<åÜ«∞H± ¿ã<£‰õΩ ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂
_≥ · = iû© J"å~° ∞ ¤                                                                                                      J"å~°∞¤
HÀ㨠O ZOÑ≤ H õ
KÕ™ê~°∞. „H˜ÔHòÖ’                                                                                                      áœ~°Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞_»∞ a<åÜ«∞H±
Hõ Ñ ≤ Ö ò ™êkè O z#                                                                                          ¿ã<£ ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂ =∂#= ǨωõΩ¯Å J"å~°∞¤‰õΩ
J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ#                                                                                                 ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~°∞. Pã≤Ü«∂ YO_»OÖ’ âßOu,
q[Ü« ∂ Å∞, QÆ ` «                                                                                             „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞ºO, <åºÜ«∞O HÀã¨O qâı+¨ Hõ$+≤ KÕã≤#
U_®k Sã≤ã≤ ǨÖò PѶπ ¿Ñ¶"£∞Ö’ HõÑ≤Öò‰õΩ ™ê÷#O                                                                "åiH˜ ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂ JO^Œ*˿㠄Ѩuëêª`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ#
ÅaèOz#O^Œ∞# PÜ«∞##∞ D J"å~°∞¤‰õΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ                                                                       'QÍfiOQÆ ∞ ˚ |Ǩ ï =∞u 2011— =iOzOk.
KÕ™ê~°∞. D J"å~°∞¤ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xH˜ J^茺HõΔ`«                                                                   ~å[„^ÀǨÏO ˆHã¨∞ H˜O^Œ JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú# a<åÜ«∞H±
=Ç≤ÏOz# „a@<£ ǨϟO =º=Ǩ~åÅ Hõq∞©                                                                          ¿ã<£ ã¨∞„Ñ‘OHÀ~°∞ìO P^ÕâßÅ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ W©=ÖË
K≥·~°‡<£, ÖË|~ü áêsì ZOÑ≤ H©`ü "å*ò HõÑ≤Öò#∞                                                                  ɡ~ÚÅ∞ÃÑ· q_»∞^ŒÅÜ«∂º~°∞. ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂
„ѨÑOK« „H©_ÅH P^Œ~≈° „áêÜ«Ú_»x Jaè=i‚OKå~°∞.
      ¨           » ˆ                                  ™êO㨯 $uHõ "å~°ã`fi Ѩi~°H} HÀã¨O D J"å~°∞¤
                                                                        ¨ «      Δõ
                                                       ^ŒH˜¯Ok. ~åROÖ’ D J"å~°∞¤ á⁄Ok# `˘e                    ~å[^è•x ã≤Ü≥∂ÖòÖ’x QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ J"å~°∞¤Å ZOÑ≤Hõ
„a@<£Ö’ aè#fl ã¨O㨇 $`«∞Å#∞, <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fi                                                                       Hõq∞© a<åÜ«∞H± ¿ã<£ ZOÑ≤Hõ q+¨Ü«∂xfl
ÅHõ Δ } ÏÅ#∞ ÃÑOá⁄OkOK« _ » O HÀ㨠= "å*ò              Kåi„`«Hõ Hõ@_O W^Õ. D J"å~°∞#∞ =∂iÛ 15#
                                                                   ì »              ¤
                                                       x*ÏO "å~°ã¨∞ʼnõΩ „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞.                      „ѨH OzOk. QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ J"å~°∞‰Ωõ ZOÑ≤H# "åiH˜
                                                                                                                  õ ˜                      ¤        Ô·
U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤# <≥H±û ì ÃãìÑπ ᶜO_Õ+¨<£ ã¨Oã¨÷ D                                                                50 "ÕÅ J"≥∞iHÍ _®Å~°¡#∞ JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞. „Ѩu
J"å~°∞¤#∞ „Ѩu UÏ W™ÈÎOk. WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞                =∂bÌ=ÙÅ J^茺‰õΔΩ_çH˜ =∂i¬Ü«∞ãπ                      ã¨O=`«û~°O "Õ∞ 18# [iˆQ QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º
D J"å~°∞¤#∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ#fl "åiÖ’ Ô~=Ô~O_£ *ˇã‘û                       J"å~°∞¤                                     "åi¬Hõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ D J"å~°∞¤#∞ „Ѩ^•#O
*ÏHõû<£, ÉÏb=Ù_£ ã¨∂Ѩ~ü™êì~ü Jq∞`åÉò |K«Û<£,                                                                 KÕ™êÎ~∞. =∂#= ǨωõΩ¯Å∞, „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º ~°OQÍÖ’¡
                                                                                                                      °
„a@<£‰Ω K≥Ok# „Ѩ=ÚY "≥∂Ï~ü ~ãπ xѨÙ}∞_»∞
           õ                     ˆ                                =∂i+¨ãπ J`«∞º#fl`« ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O ''„QÍO_£
                                                       Hõ=∂O_»~ü PѶπ k P~°¤~ü PѶπ k ™êì~ü JO_£ k H©         qâı+¨OQÍ Hõ$+≤ KÕã≤# XHõ =ºH˜Îx QÍx, ã¨Oã¨÷#∞
Å∂~Úãπ Ǩq∞Åì<£ L<åfl~°∞. HÍ=∞<£û ã¨Éíè _≥xOQ∑
                                          ·
~° ∂ "£ ∞ Ö’ Hõ # ∞flŠѨ O _» ∞ =QÍ [iy#               PѶπ k WO_çÜ«∞<£ F+¨<£—— J"å~°∞¤#∞ =∂bÌ=ÙÅ             QÍh QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ J"å~°∞¤‰õΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕ™êÎ~°∞.
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ _≥g∞ Ãã·ìeOQ∑ WO_çÜ«∂ ã¨Oã¨÷             J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ "≥ÚǨχ^£ #+‘^£‰õΩ =∂i+¨<£ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞      PâßÉè’¿ã¡#∞ ã¨<å‡xOz# ǨÏ∫ãπ
K≥·~°‡<£ J~°˚<£ "≥OHÍiÜ«∂ HõÑ≤Öò ^Õ"£‰õΩ D             Jx~À^£ AQÆ<Ò`ü =∂iÛ 12# „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞.
                                                                                           è                             PѶπ HÍ=∞<£û
J"å~°∞¤#∞ JO^Œ*Ë™ê~°∞.                                 #+‘^£`À áê@∞ ^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍ =∂r J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞
                                                       <≥Åû<£ =∞O_ÕÖÏ, QÆÜ«∂<å =∂r J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ K≥s¤                     „Ѩ=ÚY <ÕÑ^ºŒä QÍÜ«∞x PâßÉè’¿ã#∞ ǨÏ∫ãπ
                                                                                                                                    ¨                  ¡
  44 ѨOKåÜ«∞fʼnõΩ x~°‡Öò „QÍ"£∞                                                                              PѶπ HÍ=∞<£ûÖ’ ã¨<å‡#O [iyOk. ã¨Ow`«
                                                       [QÆ<ʼnõΩ „QÍO_£ Hõ=∂O_»~ü PѶπ k P~°~ü J"å~°∞¤
                                                            £                                  ¤
          ѨÙ~°™ê¯~ü                                   ÅaèOzOk.                                               HõàÏ~°OQÆOÖ’ P"≥∞ KÕã# J=~°à◊ Hõ$+≤H˜ QÆ∞iÎOѨÙQÍ
                                                                                                                                       ≤
          „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÖ’¡ Ѩ i â◊ √ „Éè í ` « # ∞                                                            P"≥∞‰õΩ J~°∞^≥·# D
                                                              ÃÇÏKüZOP~üSH˜ <å™ê¯"£∞                          ã¨<å‡#O ÅaèOzOk.
ÃÑOá⁄OkOK«_®xH˜ ˆHO„^ŒO J=∞Å∞ KÕã¨∞Î#fl
'x~°‡Öò „QÍ"£∞ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~ü— HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xH˜ D U_®k
                                                                    ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O                               77 Uà◊ § Ѩ ^ Œ ‡
2.808 „QÍ=∞ ѨOKåÜ«∞fÅ∞ ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~Ú.                           P~ÀQƺ x~°fiǨÏ}, Ѩiâ’^èŒ<å ã¨Oã¨÷            qÉè∂+¨}ü „QÆÇÏ‘ `« Pâß,
                                                                                                                  í
Jxfl ~å„ëêìŠѨOKåÜ«∞fÅ#∞ ѨijeOz 21                    (ÃÇÏKüZOP~üS) =∞~À™êi <å™ê¯"£∞ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl            ÉèÏ~°`^âO QÆ~fi° Ѩ_ÖÏ
                                                                                                                      « Õ◊        Õ
~å„ëêìʼnõΩ K≥Ok# „QÍ=∂Å#∞ D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxH˜              ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩOk. =∞iO`« =∞OkH˜ "≥∞~°∞ÔQ·# P~ÀQƺ          KÕã# Q˘Ñ¨Ê=ºH˜QÍ D
                                                                                                                    ≤          Î

                                                                              4                                                   ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
ã¨<å‡# HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O U~åÊ@∞ KÕã# Z<£.P~ü.S.
                               ≤                      xÖÏKå~° ∞ . Ѩ t Û=∞ɡ O QÍÖò Ö ’x u`åQÆ _ è £            JO_£ "Õ∞<Õ*ò"≥∞Oò
ÖË|~ü ZO.Ñ≤. H©`ü =*ò Jaè=i‚OKå~°∞. 1943Ö’            „QÍ=∞OÖ’ '„ÃѶO_£û Å∞H±— ¿Ñi@ ã¨~å¯~°∞ fã≤#               (SSÑ‘ZO) „ѨHõ ˜O
ÉÏb=Ù_£ QÍÜ«∞‰õΩ~åÅ∞QÍ Hs~ü „áê~°OaèOz# Pâß,
                       ˆ                              á¶⁄’ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åxfl fã¨∞‰õΩ=zÛOk.                 zOk. nx H˜ O ^Œ
P~°∞ ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅ∞QÍ ã≤h~°OQÍxH˜ ¿ã=Å∞ JOkã¨∂<Õ
                                          Î                  2010 ¢ã‘Î â◊H˜Î ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åÅ∞                       ~° ∂ .HÀ˜ #QÆ ^ Œ ∞
L<åfl~°∞.                                                                                                        JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞. [<£
                                                                 =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å JÉè∞í º#fluH˜ Hõ$+≤ KÕã# "åiH˜,
                                                                                                ≤               Ö’H±áêÖò =º=ã¨÷#∞
     Ãã·xHõ ^ŒàÏÅ „Ѩ^è•<åkèHÍiH˜                     `«=∞ rq`«OÖ’ áÈ~å_ç q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOz#                        U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜, JqhuH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ
           J~°∞^≥·# Q“~°=O                            "åiH˜ „Ѩu UÏ D J"å~°∞Å#∞ HO„^Œ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ,
                                                                                    ¤ ˆ                         âßOu Ü«Ú`«OQÍ L^Œºq∞ã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~îåQÆ∂~ü
         ÉèÏ~°`« Ãã·xHõ ^ŒàÏÅ „Ѩ^è•<åkèHÍi           tâ◊√ ã¨OˆHΔ=∂aè=$kú =∞O„u`«fi âßY „Ѩ^•#O                  150= [Ü«∞Ou L`«û"åÅ#∞ ѨÙ~°ã¨¯iOK«∞H˘x
[#~°Öò gˆH ã≤OQ∑‰Ωõ J~°∞^≥# Q“~°=O ÅaèOzOk.
                            ·                         KÕã¨∞ÎOk. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ k<À`«û=O                    "Õ∞ 9# x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’
„Ѩuëêì`«‡Hõ J"≥∞iHÍ                                  ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ =∂iÛ 8# #∂º_èçb¡Ö’ 2010 „ã‘Î                 PÜ«∞#‰õΩ âßOu |Ǩï=∞ux JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞.
Ãã· x Hõ Hõ à ÏâßÅÖ’x                                 â◊H˜Î ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åÅ#∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊, tâ◊√ ã¨OˆHΔ=∂aè=$kú                   ã¨z<£‰õΩ q[¤<£ J"å~°∞¤
ǨÖò PѶπ ¿Ñ¶"£∞Ö’ gˆH                               âßY =∞O„u Hõ$+¨‚ f~°÷ „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞.
                                                                                                                           ÉèÏ~°`« =∂ã¨~ü ÉÏ¡ã~ü ã¨z<£ >ˇO_»∂ÅHõ~ü
                                                                                                                                         ì    ì¨
ã≤ O Q∑ z„`« Ñ ¨  Ïxfl                                J"å~°∞¤ „QÆÇ‘Ï`«Å∞:                                       MÏ`åÖ’ W<åflà◊ √ ¡
Pq+¨¯iOKå~°∞.                                                                                                   "≥ e uQÍ            L#fl
J`«ºO`« J~°∞^≥·# D
                                                      ~å}˜ ÅH©Δ‡ÉÏ~Ú J"å~°∞¤ :
                                                                   PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò‰õΩ K≥Ok# á⁄@ìÉèÏux             „Ѩuëêì`«‡Hõ 'q[¤<£—
Q“~°"åxfl ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩ#fl                                                                                        ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O KÕiOk.
`˘e          Éè Ï ~° f Ü« ∞                           Ѩ^•‡=uH˜ „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞. P"≥∞ JOQÆ"HÖϺxfl
                                                                                              ·≥ õ
                                                      JkèQÆq∞Oz ã¨Ow`«O <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩx HõàÏHÍi}˜QÍ                  2010 ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜
ÃãxHõ^àÏÅ „Ѩ^•<åkèHÍiQÍ gˆH ã≤OQ∑ K«i„`«Ö’
  · Œ              è                                                                                            '„Ѩ Ñ ¨ O K« L`« Î = ∞
xezáÈ`å~°∞. =∂iÛ 11= `Õn# [iy# XHõ                    ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. D"≥∞ áÈeÜ≥∂ "åºkè„QÆã¨∞Î~åÅ∞.
                                                                                                                „H˜ÔH@~ü— ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ z„`«Ñ¨@ Pq+¨¯~°} J#O`«~°O               Hõ#fly J"å~°∞¤ :                                           ã¨z<£#∞ =iOzOk.
gˆHã≤OQ∑ '=ӺǨ`«‡Hõ ~°HõΔ} <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO— J<Õ                   ã≤H¯˜ O‰õΩ K≥Ok# ^ä•QÆ∞=∂Ü«∂ |ˆ~"å‰õΩ
                                                                                                Ì               '„H˜ Ô H ò ɡ · a Öò — QÍ
JOâ◊OÃÑ· LѨ#ºã≤OKå~°∞.                               |Ǩ˙HõiOKå~°∞. q`«O`«∞=ÙÅ∞, J<å^äŒÅ∞,                     QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠á⁄Ok# q[¤<£ "Õ∞QÆ*ˇ·<£ 2004Ö’ D
    ™Èfi~ü¤ PѶπ P#~ü á⁄Ok# `˘e                        Hõëê‚Ö’¡ L#fl"åix P^Œ∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ P"≥∞ Hõ$+≤              J"å~°∞¤#∞ „Ѩ"Õâ◊ÃјìOk. QÆ`«OÖ’ gˆ~O„^Œ
        =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ tMÏ J=ã≤÷                             KÕâß~°∞.                                                  ÃãǨfiQ∑ (ÉèÏ~°`ü), iH© áêO˜OQ∑, ¿+<£ "å~üfl
                                                      ~å}˜ ÔQ·kh¡ leÜ«∂OQ∑ J"å~°∞¤ :                            (P„¿ãìeÜ«∂), PO„_»∂ Ñ≤¡OÏѶπ (WOQÆ¡O_£),
          =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ nHΔÍ ^ŒHõΔ`«Å‰õΩ Wk `å*Ï                                                                      =Ú`«ÎÜ«∞º =Ú~°m^èŒ~°<£ (NÅOHõ), *ÏHõfiãπ Hõeãπ
`å~å¯}O. ѨÓ}ˇÖ’x ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ ^ŒàÏÅ "≥·^Œº                           Hõ ~ å‚ @ Hõ ‰ õ Ω K≥ O k# ~° ` « fl =∞‡‰õ Ω   (^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍ) D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
HõàÏâßÅ (UZѶπZOã‘)‰õΩ K≥Ok# tMÏ J=ã≤÷                |Ǩ˙HõiOKå~°∞. ÉÏÅ HÍi‡Hõ =º=ã¨÷, =~°Hõ@flO                W©=Å `«# z~°HÍÅ ã¨fiѨfl"≥∞ÿ# „ѨѨOK«HõÑπ#∞
J`«ºO`« J~°∞^≥·# Q“~°"åxfl ™êkèOKå~°∞. ZO`À            ~° ∂ Ѩ Ù =∂Ѩ _ » O , ÉÏź q"åǨ  Å∞,                   ™êHÍ~°O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl ã¨z<£ 2009 ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜
„Ѩuëêì`«‡HõOQÍ ÉèÏqOKÕ '™Èfi~ü¤ PѶπ P#~ü—            JO@~åx`«#O, Öˇ·OyHõ "ÕkèOѨÙÅÃÑ· „Ѩ[Ö’¡                  ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã≤# „ѨѨOK« >ˇã¨∞ì [@∞ìÖ’#∂ ™ê÷<åxfl
ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl á⁄Ok# `˘e =∞Ç≤Ïà◊QÍ P"≥∞                 J=QÍǨÏ# HõeÊOK«_®xH˜ D"≥∞ Hõ$+≤ KÕâß~°∞.                 ã¨OáêkOKå_»∞. D [@∞ìÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü #∞Oz
„Ѩ`ÕºHõ`«#∞ ™êkèOKå~°∞. nO`À áê@∂ J`«ºO`«            ^Õq JǨÏÖϺÉÏÜü∞ Ǩϟů~ü J"å~°∞¤ :                       ã¨z<£`Àáê@∞ ÃãǨfiQ∑, ggZãπ ÅHõΔ ‡<£, ^èÀx,
qt+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# ~åRѨu ã¨fi~°‚ Ѩ`«HõO, HõoOQÆ„’Ѷ‘x                 L`«Î~° „Ѩ^Õâò‰õΩ K≥Ok# 1989 ÉϺKü              [Ç‘Ï~ü MÏ<£ L<åfl~°∞. 2008Ö’ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ#
Ãã·`«O tMÏ ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. L`«Î~°„Ѩ^ÕâòÖ’x       SUZãπ JkèHÍi "≥∂xHÍ Zãπ. QÍ~üæ‰õΩ „Ѩ^•#O                 D >ˇã¨∞ì [@∞ì ZOÑ≤HõÖ’ `˘e™êi P„¿ãìeÜ«∂
~åÜü∞|ˆ~bH˜ K≥Ok# tMÏ J=ã≤÷ PO„^茄Ѩ^ÕâòÖ’           KÕâß~°∞. „ѨÉèí∞`«fi HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Ö’¡ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ             „H˜ÔH@~°¡‰õΩ ™ê÷#O ^ŒHõ¯ÖË^Œ∞.
áê~î°âßÅ q^Œº#Éèíºã≤OKå~°∞. ã≤H˜O„^•ÉÏ^£Ö’            ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO HõeÊOK«_»O ^•fi~å =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ                      #Ok`å^•ãπ‰õΩ „á¶ê<£û ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O
ÉÁÖÏ~°O „áêO`«OÖ’x ˆHO„nÜ«∞ q^•ºÅÜ«∞OÖ’               ™êkèHÍiHõ`«‰õΩ Hõ$+≤ KÕ"å~°∞. =∞`å l*ÏÉÏÜü∞,                       „Ѩ^•#O
K«kq# J#O`«~°O P"≥∞ 2006Ö’ ѨÙ}ˇÖ’x                   ~å}˜ ~°∞„^Œ=∞^Õq J"å~°∞¤Å‰õΩ D U_»∞ Z=ih
                                                      ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞.                                                ÉÏb=Ù_£ #˜, ^Œ~°≈‰õΩ~åÅ∞ #Ok`å
UZѶπZOã‘H˜ =KÕÛâß~°∞.                                                                                          ^•ãπ‰Ω „á¶ê<£û J`«∞º#fl`« ™êO㨯 $uHõ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O
                                                                                                                      õ
ÉèÏ~°`« á¶⁄’„QÍѶ¨~ü‰õΩ „ѨMϺ`« ™Èx                   ǨÏ*ψ~‰õΩ ~îåQÆ∂~ü JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞                         '<≥ò PѶπ k P~°~ü PѶπ P~üì û—x „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞.
                                                                                                                   ·            ¤
              J"å~°∞¤                                          âßOu |Ǩï=∞u                                     ã≤x=∂ ~°OQÆOÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü-„á¶ê<£û =∞^茺 "≥∞~°∞ÔQ·#
                                                               [<£ Ö’H± á êÖò =º=㨠÷ U~åÊ@∞‰õ Ω                                        㨠O |O^è • ʼnõ Ω Hõ $ +≤
         ÉèÏ~°`« á¶⁄’„QÍѶ~ü ~°ÑÚ~°O[<£ ã¨~å¯~°∞
                           ¨ ¨¶                                                                                                         KÕã≤#O^Œ∞‰õΩ P"≥∞#∞ D
(50) „ѨÑOK« „Ѩuëêì`‡« Hõ á¶⁄’„QÍѶ‘ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl
          ¨                                           âßOuÜ«Ú`« =∞Ǩϟ^Œº=∂xfl xi‡OK«_»OÖ’
                                                      ™ê=∂lHõ"`Ϋ J<åfl ǨÏ*ψ~ KÕã# Hõ$+≤H˜ J`«ºO`«
                                                                Õ                    ≤                                                  J"å~° ∞ ¤ =iOzOk.
„a@<£Ö’ ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ™Èx =~°Öò¤ á¶⁄’„QÆѶ‘                                                                                        „á¶ê<£û ~åÜ«∞ÉÏi *ˇ~˘"Õ∞
                                                      qÅ∞"≥ · # Q“~° = O ^Œ H ˜ ¯ Ok. „Ѩ u ëêª ` « ‡ Hõ
J"å~üû¤ H˜O^Œ JOkOKÕ 'FÃÑ<£ Ñ‘ÑÙ¨ Öò á¶⁄’„QÍѶ~ü ¨   ~°gO„^Œ<å^ä£ ~îåQÆ∂~ü JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ âßOu                                            ÉÁ#flᶠê Oò          D
PѶπ k WÜ«∞~ü J"å~ü¤—‰õΩ 148 ^ÕâßÅ #∞Oz               |Ǩ ï =∞u-2011#∞ PÜ« ∞ #‰õ Ω JO^Œ * Ë                                             ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl #Ok`«‰õΩ
51 "ÕÅ =∞Ok áÈ© Ѩ_»QÍ ã¨~å¯~°∞ q*Ë`«QÍ              Ü«∞#∞#fl@∞¡ WO_çÜ∞<£ W<£ã@∂ºò PѶπ á¶êxOQ∑
                                                                        «         ì≤           ¡                                        JO^Œ*Ëâß~°∞.

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤                                                    5
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321                „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# Ѩiâ’^èŒ#, ¿ã=Å ã¨Oã¨÷ W„á¶ê P
               xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅ∞
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321                `«~°∞"å`« 2009Ö’ "å<£Ö’ qb#"≥∞ÿOk. JѨʘ
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                        #∞Oz "å<£-W„á¶êQÍ Wk ¿Ñ~°∞ á⁄OkOk.
       S~åã¨Ö’ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ Ãã„Hõ@s                         <å}º"≥∞ÿ# [~°fle[O, Ѩ„uHÍ ¿ãfiK«Ûù, #∂`«#
         [#~°ÖòQÍ ÅH©Δ‡Ñ¨Ói                             g∞_çÜ«∂ "åºáê~° Jaè=$kú D ã¨Oã¨÷ ÅHΔͺÅ∞.
                                                        „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O Wk „ѨѨOK« "åºÑ¨ÎOQÍ L#fl ^•^•Ñ¨Ù
         Éè Ï ~° ` « ^ Õ â ßxH˜ K≥ O k# ÅH© Δ ‡Ñ¨ Ó i   18 "ÕÅ „ѨK«∞~°}Å∞, 15 "ÕÅ P<£Öˇ·<£ Ãã·@¡‰õΩ
SHõº~å[º ã¨q∞u =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ qÉèÏQÆOÖ’ Jã≤ÃãìOò              „ѨuxkèQÍ LOk. *ÏHõÉò =∂^äŒ∂º Ö’QÆ_» "å<£
Ãã„Hõ @ s [#~° Ö ò Q Í xÜ« ∞ q∞`« ∞ ÅÜ« ∂ º~° ∞ .       HÍ~°ºx~åfiǨÏHõ =∞O_»eÖ’ ѨxKÕâß~°∞. WO_çÜ∞« <£
„ѨÉèí∞`åfiŠѨ~°ã¨Ê~° ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O =ӺǨ`«‡Hõ            #∂ºãπ¿ÑѨ~ü ™⁄Ãã· © (SZ<£Zãπ), ÉèÏ~°`« "åºáê~°
ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO =º=Ǩ~åÅ#∞ P"≥∞ K«∂™êÎ~∞° . P"≥∞          „Ѩ H õ @ #Å <å}º`« =∞O_» e (UZãπ ã ‘ S )              =º=ǨÏiã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. 1991 SPsìZãπ ÉϺKü‰õΩ
xÜ«∞=∞HÍxfl S~å㨠Ãã„Hõ@s [#~°Öò ÉÏ<£H©                  J^茺‰õΔΩ_çQÍ =º=ǨÏiOKå~°∞.                           K≥Ok# K«O„k=∂~åÜü∞ `˘e =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã‘ÑP~ÀfiQÍ
                                                                                                                                                 ‘
=¸<£ „ѨHõ ˜OKå~°∞.                                                                                           Ѷ¨∞#`« ™êkèOKå~°∞.
   Ãã<åû~ü É’~ü¤ K≥·~ü Ѩ~°û<£QÍ bÖÏ                             ã‘SS H˘`«Î J^茺‰õΔΩxQÍ
                                                                     =Ú`«Î~å=∞<£                                 W^ŒÌ~°∞ ÉèÏ~°`« q^•º~°∞÷ʼnõΩ <å™ê
             âß=∞û<£                                                                                                         |Ǩï=∞u
                                                                   ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ѩi„â◊=∞Å ã¨=∂Yº (ã‘SS)
           Éè~`« <å@º HõàÏHÍi}˜ bÖÏ âß=∞û<£#∞
             í°                                         #∂`« # J^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω xQÍ ÉÏÅ㨠∞ „|=∞}˜ Ü « ∞ <£               <å™ê x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# F áÈ©Ö’ W^ŒÌ~°∞
ÃãO„@Öò É’~ü¤ PѶπ Ѷ≤Öò‡ ã¨iìѶ≤ˆH+¨<£ (ã‘cZѶπã‘)     =Ú`«∞Î~å=∞<£ ZxflHõÜ«∂º~°∞. WO`«=~°‰õΩ P                ÉèÏ~°`« z<åfl~°∞Å∞ [Ü«∞ˆH`«#O ZQÆ∞~°"Õâß~°∞.
K≥~ü Ѩ~û° <£QÍ xÜ«∞q∞`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. P"≥∞ „Ѩã∞¨ `O
  ·                                            Î «      Ѩ^Œqx x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# ǨÏi Zãπ.ÉèíiÎÜ«∂ #∞Oz               K≥<≥·flÖ’x ÉèÏ=<£û ~å*Ïr q^•º„â◊=∞OÖ’ U_À
ã¨Ow`« <å@Hõ PHÍ_≥g∞ K≥·~üѨ~°û<£QÍ L<åfl~°∞.            ÉÏ^茺`«Å#∞                                            `«~°QÆu K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∞#fl ZO.N=`«û<£, =ã¨∞O^èŒ~å
#˜ +¨i‡ÖÏ ~îåQÆ∂~ü ™ê÷#OÖ’ bÖÏ âß=∞û<£#∞               PÜ« ∞ # ã‘ fi Hõ i                                      Q“`«"£∞Å∞ ~˘"Õ∞xÜ«∂ |$O^ŒO`À Hõeã≤ Ô~O_À
xÜ«∞q∞OKå~°∞.                                           ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ÏÏ                                       |Ǩï=∞ux ã¨OÜ«ÚHõÎOQÍ ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
    Ѷ≤Öò‡ ã¨iìѶ≤ˆH+¨<£ „˜|∞º#Öò K≥·~ü                ã‘Öò "≥ãπ Kè~‡° <£QÍ
                                                          ì · ·≥                                               SP~üSZãπ „áê*ˇ‰õΩì H˜O^Œ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# D
         Ѩ~°û<£QÍ Åe`ü ÉèÏã≤<£                         =º=Ǩ Ï iOz#                                           áÈ©Ö’ JO`«iHõΔOÖ’ =∂#=Ù_ç x"å™êxH˜
           Ѷ≤Öò‡ ã¨iìѶ≤ˆH+¨<£ JÑ≤ÊÖËò „˜|∞º#Öò      a.=Ú`«∞Î~å=∞<£,                                        ã¨O|OkèOz F _ç*<#∞ "å~°∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞.
                                                                                                                                    ·ˇ £
K≥·~üѨ~°û<£QÍ „Ѩ=ÚY <åºÜ«∞"åk Åe`ü ÉèÏã≤<£            ã‘SS "≥·ãπ „ÃÑã≤_≥OòQÍ#∂ ѨxKÕâß~°∞. ÏÏ             Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· ÅÉèíº=∞ÜÕ∞º =#~°∞ÖËg ÖËx W`«~°
=∂iÛ              29#                                   WO_»„ã‘ã,π ÉÏ+π eq∞>ˇ_Å =O˜ ѨÅ∞ HõOÃÑhÅ
                                                                 ì                £                            „QÆÇÅÃÑ· r=#O ZÖÏ LO@∞O^• Jx TÇ≤ÏOz
                                                                                                                    ¨
xÜ«∞q∞`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞.                                      É’~°∞¤ ÅÖ’ DÜ«∞#‰õΩ ã¨Éèíº`«fiO LOk. JO`Õ               D „áê*ˇ‰õΩì#∞ `å=Ú ã¨∞ÅÉèíOQÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎKÕã≤#@∞¡
=¸_Õà◊√¡ K≥·~üѨ~°û<£                                   HÍHõ [OÃ+_£Ñ¨Ó~üÖ’x *ËqÜ«∞~ü ÖË|~ü iÃã~üÛ              N=`«û<£ `≥eáê~°∞. D „áê*ˇ‰õΩìÃÑ· "åi^ŒÌ~°∂
Ǩϟ^•Ö’ LOÏ~°∞.                                       W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò QÆ=~°fl~°¡ É’~°∞¤‰õΩ Kè≥·~°‡<£QÍ L<åfl~°∞.   ~ÀA‰õΩ =¸_»∞ QÆO@Åáê@∞ „â◊q∞OKå~°∞. nxH˜
DÜ« ∞ #`Àáê@∞                                           SS© Y~°Q∑ѨÓ~ü QÆ=~°fl~°¡ É’~°∞¤Ö’ ‰õÄ_®               ã¨O|OkèOz# ™êOˆHuHõѨ~°"≥∞ÿ# JOâßÅ#∞
náê nH˜Δ`ü, QÆ∞s˚`ü                                     =Ú`«∞Î~å=∞<£ ã¨Éèí∞º_»∞. D ã¨O=`«û~°O ã‘SS             N=`« û <£ K« ∂ 㨠∞ HÀQÍ, PǨ  ~° O , W`« ~ ° „ `å
ã≤OQ∑ ɡǨÖòÅ∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞QÍ xÜ«∞q∞`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞.                                                                 JOâßÅÃÑ· =ã¨∞O^èŒ~° ѨxKÕã≤Ok. P~°∞ <≥ÅÅ
                                                        "≥·ãπ „ÃÑã≤_≥OòÅ∞QÍ QÀ„^Õ*ò „QÆ∂Ñπ Kè≥·~°‡<£ Pk       HõO>Ë `«‰õΩ¯= HÍÅOÖ’<Õ „áê*ˇ‰õΩì#∞ ѨÓiÎKÕã≤#
    "å<£-W„á¶ê J^茺‰õΔΩ_çQÍ *ÏHõÉò                     QÀ„^Õ * ò , W<ÀÊù ã ≤ ã π >ˇ H ÍflÅrãπ =ÚYº             D z<åfl~°∞e^ŒÌ~°∂ =KÕÛ U_®k [iˆQ áÈ©Ö’
               =∂^äŒ∂º                                  HÍ~°ºx~°fiǨÏ} JkèHÍi '„H˜ãπ— QÀáêÅHõ$+¨‚<£Å∞           ‰õ Ä _® á⁄ÖÁæ < åÅx Éè Ï q㨠∞ Î < åfl~° ∞ .
                                                        Ѩ^ŒgÉÏ^茺`«Å∞ KÕѨ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. D W~°∞=ÙiÖ’          HÍeá¶ÈiflÜ«∂Ö’x ã≤M’~ÚÜ«∂ q∞_çÖò ã¨∂¯Öò
               "å~åÎ Ñ ¨ „ uHõ Š㨠O áê^Œ ‰ õ Ω Å∞,
„ѨK«∞~°}Hõ~°ÎÅ „ѨѨOK« ã¨Oã¨÷ "å<£-W„á¶ê              Pk QÀ„^Õ*ò ã‘xÜ«∞~ü HÍ=_»O =Å¡ =KÕÛ U_®k               |$O^Œ O D áÈ© Ö ’ „Ѩ ^ ä Œ = ∞ |Ǩ ï =∞u
J^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω _ç Q Í =∞ÅÜ« ∂ à◊ =∞<À~° = ∞ Ѩ „ uHõ    KèåO|~ü‰õΩ PÜ«∞# K≥·~°‡<£ J=Ù`å~°∞.
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321              ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩOk.
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
Zy˚‰õĺ˜"£ Z_ç@~ü *ÏHõÉò =∂^äŒ∂º UHõ„w=OQÍ
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                                      "å~°ÎÖ’¡ =º‰õΩÎÅ∞
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                                                                                  HÍ~À¡ãπ ã≤¡"£∞ „ѨѨOK« ‰õΩÉË~°∞_»∞
ZxflHõ Ü « ∂ º~° ∞ . D Ѩ ^ Œ q H˜ ZxflÔ H · # `˘e        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                        98765432121098765432109876543210987654321                       74 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ qÅ∞"≥# ã¨OѨ^`À
                                                                                                                                                   ·         Œ
ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú_»∞, Ô~O_À Pã≤Ü«∂"åã≤ PÜ«∞<Õ                                                                          „ѨѨOK«OÖ’<Õ J`«ºO`« ã¨OѨ#∞fl_çQÍ "≥∞H˜ûHÀ‰õΩ
HÍ=_»O qâı+¨O. S~å¡O_£Ö’x _»a¡<£Ö’ [iy#                        _è®HÍ Ô~·ÖËfi ã¨ÅǨ^•~°∞QÍ                      K≥ O k# HÍ~À¡ ã π ã≤ ¡ " £ ∞ =∞~À™êi „Ѩ Ñ ¨ O K«
"å<£-W„á¶ê "åi¬Hõ ã¨~°fiã¨Éèíº ã¨=∂"Õâ◊OÖ’ D                        K«O„k=∂~åÜü∞                                ‰õΩÉË~°∞_çQÍ J„QÆ™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞. qMϺ`«
ZxflHõ [iyOk. „Ѩã¨∞Î`« J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ QÆq<£ ÔH."À.                |OQÍ¡ ^ Õ â ò Ö ’x _è ® HÍÖ’ Ô ~ · Ö Ë fi       J"≥∞iHõ<£ "Õ∞QÆ*<£ á¶È~°∞ƒû „ѨÑOK«OÖ’x J`«ºO`«
                                                                                                                               ·ˇ              ¨
Ô~·b¡ ™ê÷#OÖ’ PÜ«∞# AÖˇ· 1 #∞Oz ÉÏ^茺`«Å∞              ã¨ÅǨ^•~°∞QÍ ^ŒH˜Δ} =∞^茺 Ô~·ÖËfi „Ѩ^è•# áœ~°        ã¨OѨ#∞flÅ "åi¬Hõ *Ïa`å#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã≤Ok.
ã‘fiHõi™êÎ~°∞. ã‘fi_»<£‰õΩ K≥Ok# Ï=∞ãπ „|∞<≥QÍ~ü¤        ã¨O|O^è•Å JkèHÍi (ã‘Ñ‘P~Àfi) K«O„k=∂~åÜü∞               Z<åflÔ~· L‰õΩ¯ kQÆæ[O ÅH©Δ ‡q∞@ìÖò á¶È~°∞ƒû
(™êì O ÃÑ<£ „QÆ ∂ Ñπ ã‘ D "À) Láê^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω _ç Q Í   ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~°∞. _è®HÍÖ’x ÉèÏ~°`« ~åÜ«∞ÉÏ~°              *Ïa`åÖ’ P~À™ê÷#OÖ’#∂, iÅÜ«∞<£û Jkè<Õ`«
ZxflHõÜ«∂º~°∞. „ѨѨOK« "å~åÎѨ„uHõÅ ã¨OѶ¨∞O            HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞OÖ’ q^èŒ∞Å∞ x~°fiiΙêÎ~°∞. 2009                =ÚMË + π JOÉÏh Ѩ ^ À™ê÷ # OÖ’#∂ KÀ@∞
("å<£ ) 1948Ö’ U~åÊ>ˇ ÿ O k. 1962Ö’                     U„Ñ≤Öò #∞Oz P"≥∞ ^ŒH} =∞^躌 ~Öfi ã‘ÑP~ÀfiQÍ
                                                                               Δ˜      Ô· Ë ‘                  ã¨OáêkOKå~°∞. 56 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ ã¨OѨ^Œ`À

                                                                               6                                                 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
"≥∞ÿ„HÀ™êѶπì =º=™ê÷Ѩ‰õΩ_»∞ aÖò ˆQòû kfifÜ«∞             „ѨѨOK« JO^ŒQÆ`≥ÎQÍ *ˇxflѶ¨~ü                             =ºuˆ ~ Hõ O QÍ áÈ~å_» @ O`À Jaè = $kú H ˜
™ê÷#OÖ’#∂ 50 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ ã¨OѨ^Œ`À                                                                                „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_»OÖ’ áœ~° ã¨=∂[O áê„`«ÃÑ·
W<≥fiãπ"∞Oò =∂O„u‰õΩ_»∞ "åÔ~<£ |ÃÑò `«$fÜ«∞
       ì ≥                           ¶                         áêÑπ QÍÜ«∞x, #˜ *ˇxflѶ¨~ü Ö’ÃÑ*ò                     „Ѩã¨OyOKå~°∞. =#~°∞Å∞ Ѩiq∞`«OQÍ L#fl
™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞. „ѨѨOK« ‰õΩÉË~°∞Ö’¡ J"≥∞iHÍ       „ѨѨOK«OÖ’<Õ J`«ºO`«                                            „Ѩã¨∞Î`« `«~°∞}OÖ’ q∞eÜ«∞xÜ«∞O Jaè=$kú
J`«ºkèHõOQÍ 33 âß`«O "åÏ#∞ Hõey LOk.               JO^Œ"≥∞ÿ# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊QÍ                                              ÅHΔͺŠ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ D-ã¨sfiÃããπ =O˜ H˘`«Î
„á¶ê<£û‰õΩ K≥Ok# Å∂~Úãπ =Ùº@ì<£ "≥∞~Úò             ZOÑ≤ Ô H · O k. Ñ‘ Ñ ¨ Ù Öò                                      ™êOˆHuHõ Ѩi*Ï˝<åxfl LѨÜ≥∂yOK«∞HÀ"åÅx
ÃÇÏ<≥flã‘û ã¨Oã¨÷ Jkè<Õ`« ɡ~åfl~ü¤ J~åflÖò¤ 41        Ѩ „ uHõ P"≥ ∞ ‰õ Ω D                                            `≥eáê~°∞.
aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ ã¨OѨ^`À Ü«¸~°ÑÖ’ J„QÆ™ê÷#O
                       Œ           π                H˜sÏxfl Hõ@ìɡ ˜ìOk.
                                                    ɡܫ∂<£û <ÀÖòû, J<≥fl                                             ã¨∂Ѩ~ü 30 P#O^£ÃÑ· á¶ÈHõãπ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ
™êkèOKå_»∞. á¶È~°∞ƒû *Ïa`åÖ’ PÜ«∞# <åÅ∞QÀ
™ê÷#O á⁄O^•~°∞. 39.5 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡`À               Ǩ^ä£"Õ =O˜ Ü«Ú=                                                           Hõ^äŒ#O
X~åH˜Öò‰õΩ K≥Ok# ÖÏs We¡ã¨<£ S^À ™ê÷#OÖ’            JO^ŒQÆ`≥ÎÅ#∞ `Àã≤~å[x P"≥∞ D ™ê÷<åxfl                                          'ã¨∂Ѩ~ü 30—`À ã¨OK«Å<åÅ∞ ã¨$+≤ìã¨∞Î#fl
xeKå~°∞. ã¨OѨ#∞flÅ *Ïa`åÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü #∞O_ç            ÔH·=ã¨O KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O qâı+¨O.                                      P#O^£ ‰õΩ=∂~ü ¿Ñ~°∞ „Ѩu+¨Å∞ „ѨÑOK« "åºÑ¨OQÍ
                                                                                                                                                   ª     ¨          Î
q„áÈ Jkè<Õ`« JrO„¿ÑOr 36= ™ê÷#OÖ’                         XÉÏ=∂ ã¨~å¯~°∞Ö’ W^ŒÌ~°∞                                   =∂~À‡QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~Ú.
xeKå~°∞.                                               ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ Ñ¨^Œ=ÙÅ∞                                „Ѩ=ÚY WÏeÜ«∞<£
              „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ KÀ„áê                                                                                        =∂ºQÆ r <£ 'á¶ È Hõ ã π —
                                                             J"≥∞iHÍ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ |~åH± XÉÏ=∂                        `«# `å*Ï ã¨OzHõÖ’
          „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ KÀ„áê #@#`À<Õ HÍ^Œ∞             W^ŒÌ~°∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ J"≥∞iHõ<£ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ H©ÅHõ                     P#O^£‰õΩ=∂~ü
¿ã=`À#∂ Jaè=∂#∞Å#∞ "≥∞Ñ≤Ê™ÈÎOk. JO^Œ"Õ∞             Ѩ^Œ=ÙʼnõΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕâß~°∞. +≤HÍQÀ‰õΩ K≥Ok#                       QÆ ∞ iOz „Ѩ ` Õ º Hõ
HÍ^Œ ∞ JO^Œ s fl PHõ @ ∞ì H ˘<Õ =∞#㨠∞ O^Œ x        náê QÆ∞áêÎ#∞ Hõà◊ÅÃÑ· U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤# *ÏfÜ«∞                        Hõ ^ ä Œ < åxfl „Ѩ K « ∞ iO
x~°∂Ñ≤OK«∞H˘#fl „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ ˆHO„^Œ Ѩ~åº@Hõ            =∞O_»e ã¨Éèí∞º~åeQÍ, xëê ^ÕâßÜü∞ aâßfiÖò#∞                        zOk. qÅHõΔ} „ѨuÉèÏ=O`«∞Å#∞ fiÛk^Œ∞Ì`«∞#fl
âßY‰õΩ „ѨKå~° Hõ~°ÎQÍ ZOÑ≤ÔH·Ok. Jg∞~ü MÏ<£        K≥·<åÃÑ· U~åÊ>ˇÿ# ~å*ϺOQÆ HÍ~°ºx~åfiǨÏHõ                        J™ê^è•~°} =ºH˜ÎQÍ J`«xx H˘xÜ«∂_çOk.
™ê÷ # OÖ’ 'Jukä                                     Hõq∞+¨<£ ã¨É∞íè º~åeQÍ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã#@∞¡ âıfi`«™œ^èO
                                                                                     ≤             Œ                 P#O^£ ‰ õ Ω =∂~ü 2002 #∞Oz „Ѩ u UÏ
^Õ"À Éèí=— JO@∂                                     F „ѨHõ@#Ö’ `≥eÑ≤Ok. gi`À áê@∞ =∞~À                              „ѨuÉèÏ=O`«∞Öˇ# 30 =∞Ok x~°∞¿Ñ^Œ q^•º~°∞ʼnõΩ
                                                                                                                                       ·                             ÷
Ѩ~åº@‰õΩʼnõΩ                                       U_»∞QÆ∞ifl ѨÅ∞ H©ÅHõ Ѩ^=ÙʼnõΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã#@∞¡
                                                                             Œ                  ≤                    Lz`« Éè’[#O, =ã¨u HõeÊOz J`«∞º`«=∞ tHõ}`À
                                                                                                                                                           Î      Δ
PǨ  fi#O Ѩ Å Hõ                                   q=iOzOk. H˘`«Î ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ `«=∞ ÉÏ^茺`«Å∞                         "åix SS© ~åºOHõ~°∞¡QÍ f~°∞Ûk^Œ∞Ì`«∞<åfl~°∞.
_®xH˜ ã≤^=∞~ÚOk.
            úŒ                                      ã¨=∞~°÷OQÍ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™êÎ~°#fl #=∞‡HõO `«#‰õΩO^Œx                     P#O^£ qt+¨ì q[Ü«∂ÅÃÑ· '>ˇÿ"£∞û—, '#∂ºãπgH±—,
WO`« ‰ õ Ω =ÚO^Œ ∞                                  XÉÏ=∂ F „ѨHõ@#Ö’ `≥eáê~°∞.                                      '=∂º^ä£û _≥·*ˇãπì— =∂ºQÆr#∞¡ ‰õÄ_® Wk=~°Ö’<Õ
Ѩ ~ åº=~° } âßY,                                                      K«g ~°*Ï=`ü                                   „Ѩ`ÕºHõ Hõ^äŒ<åÅ∞ „ѨK«∞iOKå~Ú.
Ü« Ú xÃãѶ π =O˜                                             K«g ~°*Ï=`ü, ÉèÏ~°`‰Ωõ K≥Ok# F „QÍ=∞
                                                                                  ü
"å˜H˜ „ѨKå~°Hõ~°ÎQÍ                                                                                                        _èçb¡ "Õ∞Ü«∞~üQÍ ~°rfl Jcƒ
                                                    ã¨~Ê° Oz JO@∂ S~å㨠P^èfi~°ºOÖ’ [iy# 11=
                                                                                Œ                                              ^Õâ◊ ~å[^è•x #QÆ~åxH˜ "ÕÜ«∞~üQÍ
ѨxKÕã≤# J#∞Éèí=O L#fl „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ H˘`«Î               W<ÀÊù á È=sì „Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ O K« 㨠^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û K≥ · ~ ü Ñ ¨ ~ ° û <£
ÉÏ^è Œ º `« Å #∞ x~° fi Ǩ Ï }‰õ Ω L`åûǨ Ï OQÍ      „ѨHõ ˜OK«QÍ<Õ qq^èŒ ^ÕâßÅ ~åÜ«∞ÉÏ~°∞Å∞,                        ÉèÏ[áê‰õΩ K≥Ok# =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ H“xûÅ~ü ~°rfl Jcƒ
ã¨#fl^Œú=∞=Ù`ÀOk. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ, z<åfl~°∞ʼnõΩ           =∞O„`«∞Å∞, J=Ù<å x[OQÍ<Õ<å JO@∂ Hõfiâ◊Û<£                         ZxflHõÜ«∂º~°∞. =ÚxûѨÖò HÍ~˘Êˆ~+¨<£ PѶπ _èçb¡
=∞^Œú`«∞xKÕÛ Ñ¨Å∞ ¿ã"å HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Ö’¡ áêÖÁæx         =∂~°∞¯ ¿Ñã∞Öˇ>âß~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë P"≥∞ JO^ŒO,
                                                                ¶ ¨ ìË                                               (ZOã‘_ô)Ö’ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# ZxflHõÖ’¡ HÍO„ÔQãπ
"åiH˜ KÕÜ«¸`«xzÛ# <ÕѨ^䌺O P"≥∞ ™⁄O`«O.            =„ã¨Î ^è•~°} K«∂ã≤ ~°*Ï=`ü S© „á⁄ÃÑ+#Öò ÖË^•
                                                                                             ¶ ¨                     JÉèíºi÷ ã¨q`åâ◊~°‡ÃÑ· 88 F@¡ "≥∞*Ïi©`À Jcƒ
   „a@<£Ö’ Pã≤Ü«∂ ^èŒ#=O`«∞Ö’¡                      Z=~À "≥∂_»Öò Jx "å~°∞ J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.                              ÔQÅ∞á⁄O^•~°∞. ZOã‘_ôÖ’ K«i„`«Ö’ Ô~O_À
        q∞@ìÖò J„QÆ™ê÷#O                                      K«g ~°*Ï=`ü ~å[™ê÷<Ö’x =∂~°∞=¸Å
                                                                                     £                               =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ "Õ∞Ü«∞~üQÍ Jcƒ iHÍ~°∞¤Å‰õΩ ZHͯ~°∞.
                                                    ™È_® „QÍ=∞ ã¨~°ÊOz =∂~°∞`«∞#fl „QÍg∞}                             2007Ö’ PiÎ "≥ ∞ „Ǩ  ‰õ Ω `˘e J=HÍâ◊ O
          „a@<£ Ö ’ x=ã≤ ã ¨ ∞ Î # fl Pã≤ Ü « ∂                                                                       Åaè O zOk. Jcƒ _è ç b ¡ qâ◊ fi q^•ºÅÜ« ∞ O
^èŒ#=O`«∞Å *Ïa`åÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`« L‰õΩ¯ kQÆæ[O             ÉèÏ~°`åxH˜ Jã¨Å∞ ã≤ãÅ∞ „ѨfHõ. 39 Uà◊¡ ~°*Ï=`ü
                                                                          ¨
                                                    ZOcU KÕã≤# UÔH·Hõ „QÍ=∞ ã¨~°ÊOz. D Ѩ^ŒqÖ’                       (_ôÜ«¸)Ö’ J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞ò „á⁄ÃѶã¨~ü HÍ=@O`À
ÅH©Δ ‡x"åãπ q∞@ìÖò J„QÆ™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞.                                                                              ÖÏÉèÏ¿ÑHõΔ`À D Ѩ^ŒqH˜ áÈ© KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°O@∂
Pã≤Ü«∂ g∞_çÜ«∂ JO_£ =∂Ô~¯˜OQ∑ gH©¡                 L#fl J`«ºO`« Ñ≤#fl =Ü«∞ã¨∞¯~åÅ∞ ‰õÄ_®. i+‘
Ѩa¡ˆH+¨<£û q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã≤# D „ã¨ì<£ S- 'Pã≤Ü«∂       "åºb ã¨∂¯Öò, „Ѩuëêì`«‡Hõ ÖË_ô N~åO HÍÖËrÖ’                      P"≥∞ JÉèíºi÷`«fiOÃÑ· `˘Å∞`« HÍO„ÔQãπ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞
iKü eãπì 2011— *Ïa`åÖ’ q∞@ìÖò 15.5                  q^•ºÉèϺã¨O KÕã≤# ~°*Ï=`ü `«# ã¨fi„QÍ=∂xH˜                        JÉèíºO`«~°O `≥eáê~°∞. J~Ú`Õ P"≥∞ _ôÜ«¸
                    aeÜ« ∞ <£        áœO_» ¡ ` À    ¿ã= KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ "≥OK«~üûÖ’ ã‘xÜ«∞~ü                    J#∞=∞u á⁄O^•ˆH áÈ©H˜ ã≤^=∞Ü«∂º~°x ÉèÏ[™ê
                                                                                                                                                  úŒ
                    J„QÆ™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞. 9          "Õ∞<Õ*ò"≥∞Oò ™ê÷<åxfl Ãã·`«O =^Œ∞Å∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.                    ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. D ZxflHõÖ’¡ ~°rfl JcƒH˜
                    aeÜ«∞<£ áœO_»¡ ã¨OѨ^Œ`À        ã≤ © Öˇ·Ñ¶π#∞ q_çzÃÑ˜ì ™È_®Ö’x =∞˜ì ~À_»¡ÃÑ·                  170, ã¨q`å â◊~°‡‰õΩ 82 F@∞¡ ÅaèOKå~Ú.
                    Ç≤ Ï O^Œ ∂ *Ï ™È^Œ ~ ° ∞ Å∞     u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ „Ѩ[Å`À =∞"Õ∞Hõ=∞=Ù`«∂ `«# „QÍ=∞                      Zxq∞k F@∞¡ K≥ÅÖ^∞. WѨʘ=~°‰Ω "Õ∞Ü«∞~üQÍ
                                                                                                                                        ¡ Ë Œ             õ
                    NK« O ^£ , QÀÑ≤ , „Ѩ H Íâò ,   L[fiÅ Éèíq`«‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù<åk ~åà◊√¡ "Õã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. =∂iÛ                  =º=ǨÏiOz# Ѩ$kèfi~å*ò ã¨"å<Õ ™ê÷#OÖ’ ~°rfl
                    Jâ’H± `«~åfi`« ™ê÷#OÖ’           24-25 `ÕnÖ’¡ S~åã¨Ö’ [iy# D ã¨^Œã¨∞û                             Jaƒ H˘`« Î "Õ ∞ Ü« ∞ ~ü Q Í Ñ¨ ^ Œ g ÉÏ^è Œ º `« Å ∞
                    L<åfl~°∞.                        áêº<≥Öò K«~°ÛÖ’ áêÖÁæ#fl ~°*Ï=`ü ^•i„^•ºxH˜                       ã‘fiHõi™êÎ~°∞.

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤                                                     7
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321                       JO`« ~ å˚ f Ü« ∞ OQÍ <≥ Å H˘#fl Ѩ i ã≤ ÷ u x                               =~°Öò¤ "≥·_£ "≥Éò ã¨^Œã¨∞û
               "å~°ÎÖ’¡ „Ѩ^ÕâßÅ∞
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321                       ã¨g∞H˜OKå~°h, JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ Pi÷H,õ q`«,Î "å}˜[º
                                                                      Δ
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321                                                                                                  =~°Öò¤ "≥·_£ "≥Éò 20= JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞
                                                               =º=Ǩ~åÅ∞, "å`å=~°} =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, x~°O`«~°                          ã¨^Œã¨∞û =∂iÛ 28 #∞Oz ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’x
         JuÃÑ^ŒÌ |∞^Œ∞ú_ç q„QÆǨÏO                             Jaè=$kú, PǨ~° Éè„í ^Œ`« =O˜ ã¨=∞㨺ÅÃÑ· K«~Û° Å∞              Sã‘ã‘Ö’ [iyOk. U„Ñ≤Öò 1 =~°‰õΩ ™êy# D
            ^Õâ◊OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ xÅ∞Û#fl |∞^Œ∞ú_ç                  [iáê=∞x ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. `«=∞`«=∞ ^ÕâßÖ’¡                            ã¨^Œã¨∞û#∞ WO@ˆ~fl+¨#Öò W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò PѶπ
q„QÆ Ç ¨ Ï O. "å~° } Ïã≤ Ö ’x ™ê~° < å^ä £ ^ä • Üü ∞           Z^Œ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl „Ѩ^è•# Pi÷Hõ, ~å[H©Ü«∞ ã¨"åà◊¡#∞                  W#Êùˆ~‡+¨<£ >ˇHÍflÅr (SSS©) ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£,
PÅÜ«∞OÖ’ H˘Å∞"≥·Ok. 80 J_»∞QÆ∞Å á⁄_»=Ù#fl                       Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ ã¨O„ѨkOѨÙefl =Ú=∞‡~°O                       W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò PѶπ W#Êùˆ~‡+¨<£ >ˇHÍflÅr =ÚOɡ·
D q„QÆǨxfl ^ä•Üü∞ ÖÏO_£ =∂r „Ѩ^è•x                           KÕÜ«∂Åx <Õ`«ÅO`å JOwHÍ~åxH˜ =zÛ#@∞¡                              ã¨ÇÏHÍ~°O`À SSS© ɡOQÆà¥~°∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™ÈÎOk.
                                                                                                                                    ¨                        ◊
ã¨∞~°ÜÚ^£ K«∞<åÖÏò Pq+¨¯iOKå~°∞. ~°∂.2 HÀ@¡
      «                                                        K≥áêÊ~°∞. ѨtÛ=∞ Pã≤Ü«∂, L`«Î~° P„Ѷ≤HÍ, [áê<£                   ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ _ç*ˇ·xOQ∑ ^Œ "≥Éò Ѷ¨~ü Ü«∂<£
Y~°∞Û`À 14 Uà◊¡áê@∞ nx x~å‡}O ™êyOk.                           Ѩi}Ï=∂Å∞ „ѨѨOK« Pi÷Hõ ѨÙ#~°∞`ÕÎ*ÏxH˜                         FÃÑ<£ ™⁄Ãã· © J#fl JOâ◊OÃÑ· "≥Éò ã¨$+≤ìHõ~°Î ˜"£∞
                      Ju~°„`«O                                 P@OHÍÅ∞QÍ =∂~åÜ«∞x PO^Àà◊# =ºHõÎO                                ɡ~°fl~üû b H©ÅHÀѨ<åºã¨O KÕÜ«∞#∞<åfl~°∞.
            WѨʘ =~°‰õÄ Z=iH© ѨiK«Ü«∞O ÖËx                  KÕâß~°∞. qÖËH~∞Å ã¨=∂"ÕâOÖ’ K≥<å J^躌 ‰õΩ_»∞
                                                                                 õ°          ◊        ·          Δ                   ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å ™êQÆ∞ÃÑ· ã¨^Œã¨∞û
ˆH~°à◊Ö’x „uã¨∂~ü lÖÏ¡ ѨO[Öò XHõ¯™êiQÍ                        ǨïlOÏ"À, ~°ëêº J^躌 ‰õΩΔ _»∞ "≥∞^≥fi^Õ",£ „ɡlÖò                          #QÆ ~ åÅ∞, Ѩ @ ì } „áêO`« „Ѩ [ Å
"å~°ÎÖ’¡H˘zÛOk. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ~°}O 'Ju~°„`«O—                     J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ _çÖχ ~“ÃãѶπ, ^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞           ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å J=ã¨~åÅ∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ L^ÕÌtOz#
¿Ñ~°∞`À [~°∞QÆ#∞#fl „áêp# =∞ǨÜ«∞[˝O. U„Ñ≤Öò                   *ÏHõÉò A=∂ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞.                                          *ÏfÜ«∞ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å q∞+¨<£ÃÑ· _èçb¡Ö’ ˆHO„^ŒO
4# „áê~°OÉèí=∞ÜÕ∞º D =∞ǨǨϟ=∞O 12                                     JO`«‰õΩ=ÚO^Œ∞ =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ã≤OQ∑ „aH±û                    Jxfl ~å„ëêìÅ L^•º# âßYÅ∞, "åºáê~° ã¨Oã¨Å`À   ÷
                                                               ã¨^ã∞¨ û#∞ L^ÕtOz „ѨãOyã¨∂Î „ѨÑOK« =º=ã¨Ö’
                                                                    Œ          Ì         ¨              ¨          ÷            ã¨^Œã¨∞û x~°fiÇ≤ÏOzOk. XHÀ¯ ~åROÖ’ D Pi÷Hõ
~ÀAÅáê@∞ ™êQÆ∞`«∞Ok. "Õ^•Ö’¡ L#fl Ãã·<£û#∞                                                                                       ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’<Õ Hõhã¨O XHÀ¯ #QÆ~O J=ã¨~åÅ∞
                                                                                                                                                                   °
"≥eH˜f¿ã „ѨÜ∞`«fl"Õ∞ nx „Ѩ^•# L^ÕâO. Ü«∂QÆ
                     «              è     Ì ◊                  =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, âßOu ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ `å=∞O`å KÕ`«∞Å∞                         fˆ ~ ÛÖÏ D Ѩ ^ ä Œ H õ O J=∞Å∞ KÕ Ü « ∂ Åx
ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ P „áêO`«OÖ’x =∞#∞+¨μÅ∞, K≥@∂ì                       HõÅ∞ѨÙ`«∞#fl@∞¡ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ã¨Oã¨Ö’¡     ÷          „áê^äŒq∞HõOQÍ x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. Jxfl ~å„ëêìÅ
KÕ=∞, Ѩâ◊√ѨHΔͺ^Œ∞Ö’¡ =KÕÛ Éè∫uHõ, =∂#ã≤Hõ                   =~°=∂# Ѩiã≤`∞Å P^è•~°OQÍ JO^ŒiH© ã¨=∂#
                                                                  Î               ÷ «                                           „Ѩux^è∞Œ Å∞ Ѩ=~ü áê~ÚOò „Ѩ[O>Ë+<£ WKåÛ~°∞.
                                                                                                                                                                      ¨
=∂~° ∞ ÊÅ#∞ QÆ ∞ iÎ O KÕ O ^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω JO`« ~ å˚ f Ü« ∞          J=HÍâßÅ∞ ^ŒˆH¯ÖÏ ã¨O㨯~°}Å∞ KÕѨÏìÅx                           „Ѩ^è•#OQÍ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å kQÆ∞|_ç JkèHõOQÍ
â߄㨠Π" Õ ` « Î Å ∞ „Ѩ Ü « ∞ `åflÅ∞ KÕ ã ¨ ∞ Î < åfl~° ∞ .    Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ѩ_®¤~°∞. „aH±û ^ÕâßÖ’¡x ~å[H©Ü«∞                       L#flѨÙÊ_»∞ xÅfi‰õΩ U~åÊ@∞¡ LO_®Åx H˘xfl
HÍeá¶ÈiflÜ«∂ Ü«¸x=iû© âß„ã¨"`Ϋ _®Hõ~ü „ѶHû±
                                      Î Õ         ì ‘          =º=㨠÷ b fl, Jaè = $kú ™ê÷ Ü « Ú bfl Ѩ ~ ° ã ¨ Ê ~° O            ~å¢ëêì Å ∞ HÀ~å~Ú. ~å„ëêì Å „Ѩ u áê^Œ # Å∞
™êì Ö ò Ѩ i â’^è Œ # |$O^•xH˜ <åÜ« ∞ Hõ ` « fi O               Q“~°qOK«∞‰õΩO^•=∞h, „Ѩ[Å ™ê=∂lHõ, Pi÷Hõ                         Ѩ i jeOz# `« ~ ° " å`« D Ѩ ^ ä Œ H õ O `« ∞ k
=Ç≤Ïã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ѨO[ÖòÖ’ D Ü«∂QÆO 35 Uà◊¡                      Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ "ÕQÆOQÍ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ ™êkèOK«_®xH˜                       =∂~°^~≈° HÍÅ∞ Y~å~°∞ KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∞~À™êi Jxfl
                                                                                                                                      æ Œ
`«~°∞"å`« [~°QÆ#∞O_»@O qâı+¨O. ˆH~°à◊Ö’x                       „áê^è•#ºO W"åfiÅx =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.                         ~å„ëêìÅ`À *ÏfÜ«∞ ™ê÷~Ú ã¨^Œã¨∞û U~åÊ@∞
=¸_»∞ „áêO`åÖ’¡ WѨʘ =~°‰õÄ D Ü«∞*Ï˝xfl                                                                                        KÕÜ«∞#∞#fl@∞¡ *ÏfÜ«∞ L^•º# âßY `«~°Ñ¨Ù#
=¸_»∞™ê~°∞¡ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«QÍ „Ѩu™êi z=i~ÀA#                       „aH±û f~å‡#O :                                                   WOKèåi˚ Hõq∞+¨#~ü [QÆ<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ Ǩ[Ô~· ~åR „Ѩ[Å
ÉèÏs =~°¬O ‰õΩ~°=_»O qâı+¨O. D Ü«∂QÆOÖ’                                   L„QÆ"å^ŒOÃÑ· áÈ~å@O, PǨ~° Éè„í ^Œ`‰Ω        «õ      ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å J=ã¨~åÅÃÑ· „Ѩ[O>Ë+¨<£ WKåÛ~°∞.
"å_Õ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞„^Œ"åºÅ HÀã¨"Õ∞ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù ~°∂. Ô~O_»∞                 Z^Œ ∞ ~° = Ù`« ∞ #fl 㨠" åà◊ √ ¡ , Pi÷ H õ ã¨ Ç ¨ Ï HÍ~° O ,     `˘Å∞`« ~åR ~å[^è•x ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ J=ã¨~åÅ∞
HÀ@∞¡ Y~°∞Û ÃÑÏì~°∞.                                          =º=™êÜ«∞O, „H©_Å∞ =O˜ ~°OQÍÖ’¡ ã¨Éºíè ^ÕâßÅ
                                                                                   »                                            fˆ~ÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ #QÆ~°O K«∞@∞ìѨHõ¯Å „áêO`åÖ’¡
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                               =∞^茺 ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O J=ã¨~°=∞x „aH±û ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’                     ‰õ Ä ~° Q ÍÜ« ∞ Å ™êQÆ ∞ #∞ ~° ∂ .10 HÀ@¡ ` À
         ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÅ∞-ã¨Hõq∞+¨âßÅ∞
          Hõq∞©Å∞ - =∂"Õ <£Å∞                                 f~å‡xOKå~°∞. nxÃÑ· F HÍ~åºK«~°} „Ѩ}ÏoHõ#∞                       „áÈ`« û Ç≤ Ï OKåÅx x~° ‚ ~ ÚOKå~° ∞ . WO^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
                                                                                                                                *ÏfÜ« ∞ L^•º# q∞+¨ < £ H˜ O ^Œ x^è Œ ∞ Å∞
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321
8765432121098765432109876543210987654321                       ã≤^ŒúO KÕâß~°∞. f~å‡#OÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl JOâße"Õ.
                                                               JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =º=Ǩ~åÖ’¡ ÉèÏ~°`ü, „ɡlÖò,                         ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞™êÎ~°∞.
      ™ê<åºÖ’ „aH± ^ÕâßÅ ã¨^Œã¨∞û                                                                                                „Ѩ^è•x "å}˜[º, Ѩi„â◊=∞Å =∞O_»e
                                                               ^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍÅ „áê=ÚMϺxfl QÆ∞iÎã¨∞Î#fl@∞¡ K≥·<å,
          SHõº~å[ºã¨q∞u =O˜ „ѨÑOK« ã¨Oã¨Ö’¡
                                         ¨                ÷    ~°ëêºÅ∞ ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕâßÜ«∞x f~å‡#O ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok.                                     ã¨=∂"Õâ◊O
ã¨O㨯~°}Å∞ ~å"åeû# J=ã¨~°O LO^Œx ÉèÏ~°`«                      S~åã¨Ö’ H©ÅHõáê„`« áÈ+≤OKåÅ#fl P ^ÕâßÅ                                       „Ѩ^è•# =∞O„u - "å}˜[ºO, Ѩi„â◊=∞Å
„Ѩ^è•x =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ ã≤OQ∑ ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕâß~°∞. K≥·<åÖ’              Pâ◊Ü«∂Å#∂ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl@∞¡ `≥eáêÜ«∞x                          =∞O_»e Ô~O_À ã¨=∂"Õâ◊O =∂iÛ 31# _èçb¡Ö’
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl „ɡlÖò -~°ëêº- WO_çÜ«∂ - K≥·<å-                                                                                    [iyOk. D ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ q`«Î ã¨O㨯~°}ÏÅ∞,
                                                               "≥Å¡_çOzOk.
™œ`å„Ѷ ≤ H ÍÅ („aH± û ) 㨠^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û 㨠O ^Œ ~ ° ƒ ù O QÍ                                                                    =∞øeHõ 㨠^ Œ ∞ áêÜ« ∂ Å Jaè = $kú à ѷ „Ѩ ^ è • x
=∂Ï¡_®~°∞. ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ „aH±û ^ÕâßÅ <Õ`«Å∞                                 eaÜ« ∂ Ö’               Ãã· x Hõ         â◊ H ˜ Î x
                                                                                                                                =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ ã≤OQ∑ ~À_£ =∂ºÑπ#∞ ã¨∂zOKå~°∞.
                                                               LѨÜ∂yOK«_®xfl f~å‡#O x~°ãOzOk. P^ÕâO
                                                                      ≥                                ≤                    ◊   Pi÷Hõ =º=㨉Ωõ Z^Œ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl ã¨"åà◊¡ Ѩiëê¯~åxH˜
                                                                                                                                              ÷
                                                               q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ S~åã¨, „áêOfÜ«∞ ã¨Oã¨Å∞ H©ÅHõáê„`«
                                                                                                           ÷                    áê~°^~≈° Hõ, Jqhu ~°ÇÏ`« Ѩiã≤`∞« Å∞ HõeÊ™êÎ=∞x
                                                                                                                                      Œ                 ≤      ÷
                                                               áÈ+≤OKåÅx Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ѩ_çOk.                                       HÍ~˘Êˆ~ò ~°OQÍxH˜ „Ѩ^è•x Ǩg∞ WKåÛ~°∞.
                                                                          J}∞ ˆHO„^•Å Éèí„^Œ`« q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’                        ã¨=∂"ÕâßxH˜ "å}˜[º =∞O„u P#O^£ â◊~°‡`À
                                                               x|O^èŒ#efl Hõ@∞ìk@ìOQÍ J=∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∂Åx                              áê@∞ „Ѩ^è•x Pi÷Hõ ã¨ÅǨ =∞O_»e K≥·~°‡<£
                                                               HÀiOk. „aH±û ^ÕâßÅ WO^èŒ# q^è•#OÖ’ J}∞                           ã≤.~°OQÆ~å[<£, ~°`«<£ ÏÏ, Jr"£∞ „¿Ñ"£∞r
                                                               q^Œ∞º`ü‰Ωõ Éèq+¨º`üÖ’#∂ „áê^è•#ºO HõeÊOKåÅx
                                                                              í                                                 `« k `« ~ ° „Ѩ = ÚY áêi„âßq∞Hõ "Õ ` « Î Å ∞
                                                               x~°‚~ÚOzOk.                                                      Ǩ[~°Ü«∂º~°∞.

                                                                                           8                                                      ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11
Competitions world may-11

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Computermalar 2009-01-05
Computermalar 2009-01-05Computermalar 2009-01-05
Computermalar 2009-01-05Kannan Rajan
 
How to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararao
How to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararaoHow to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararao
How to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararaoIndian Servers
 
How to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa Nageswararao
How to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa NageswararaoHow to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa Nageswararao
How to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa NageswararaoIndian Servers
 
Nirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa Nageswararao
Nirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa NageswararaoNirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa Nageswararao
Nirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa NageswararaoIndian Servers
 
Computermalar 2010-04-05
Computermalar 2010-04-05Computermalar 2010-04-05
Computermalar 2010-04-05mdcpriyankara
 
ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821
ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821
ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821taxalia
 
Courage by Gampa Nageswararao
Courage  by Gampa NageswararaoCourage  by Gampa Nageswararao
Courage by Gampa NageswararaoIndian Servers
 
" మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు " మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు KACHARAGADLA MEDIA CORP
 
" వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు " వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు KACHARAGADLA MEDIA CORP
 
اركلن الإيمان والإسلام
اركلن الإيمان والإسلاماركلن الإيمان والإسلام
اركلن الإيمان والإسلامsyed abdussalam
 
2. ιστορία β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)
2. ιστορία   β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)2. ιστορία   β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)
2. ιστορία β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)kotsioskitsou
 
xaidelbergi
xaidelbergixaidelbergi
xaidelbergipptsmps
 

Tendances (19)

Computermalar 2009-01-05
Computermalar 2009-01-05Computermalar 2009-01-05
Computermalar 2009-01-05
 
Duaa
Duaa Duaa
Duaa
 
How to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararao
How to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararaoHow to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararao
How to become no 1 (for engineering students) -- by gampa nageswararao
 
How to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa Nageswararao
How to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa NageswararaoHow to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa Nageswararao
How to Sell, A Book on Marketing & Sales by Gampa Nageswararao
 
Nirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa Nageswararao
Nirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa NageswararaoNirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa Nageswararao
Nirasha veedite neede jayam - By Gampa Nageswararao
 
Computermalar 2010-04-05
Computermalar 2010-04-05Computermalar 2010-04-05
Computermalar 2010-04-05
 
ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821
ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821
ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ 1821
 
May june'12 final
May june'12 finalMay june'12 final
May june'12 final
 
Courage by Gampa Nageswararao
Courage  by Gampa NageswararaoCourage  by Gampa Nageswararao
Courage by Gampa Nageswararao
 
" మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు " మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" మొక్కజొన్న " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
 
Talimun islam
Talimun islamTalimun islam
Talimun islam
 
" వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు " వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
" వేరుశనగ " పంటకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు
 
اركلن الإيمان والإسلام
اركلن الإيمان والإسلاماركلن الإيمان والإسلام
اركلن الإيمان والإسلام
 
Satyadevuni vaibhavam
Satyadevuni vaibhavamSatyadevuni vaibhavam
Satyadevuni vaibhavam
 
Andhra+media+terror+ 1
Andhra+media+terror+ 1Andhra+media+terror+ 1
Andhra+media+terror+ 1
 
2. ιστορία β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)
2. ιστορία   β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)2. ιστορία   β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)
2. ιστορία β' γυμνασίου (σελίδες 1 - 68)
 
xaidelbergi
xaidelbergixaidelbergi
xaidelbergi
 
5.1
5.15.1
5.1
 
Nad mar-14 final
Nad mar-14 finalNad mar-14 final
Nad mar-14 final
 

Competitions world may-11

  • 1. ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ A Must Magazine for Competitive Exams MAY 2011 Volume : 05 Editor D.V. Raghu Ram M.A., PGDHRM, DTEM Note: Although every care has been taken to avoid errors of omission, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that information given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editors, publishers and sellers who do not owe any responsibility for any damage or loss to any person, a purchaser of this publication or not, for the result of any action taken on the basis of this work. The publishers shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out correction in the next edition. ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 1
  • 2. 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 Ñ≤ZãπZbfi-ã‘16 „ѨÜ≥∂QÆO q[Ü«∞=O`«O 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 1098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 NǨ Ï iHÀ@ #∞O_ç U„Ñ≤ Ö ò 20 «u§ŒÕ¢: §ŒâÅý¬Çšü: - L^ŒÜ∞« O 10.12 QÆO@ʼnõΩ xOyÖ’H˜ Zyi# XÔ‡®ý‡©ü-OЮÏ16 ÅŒ§ÖKÂË ª½Ö.95 -- Œ- ¨ …X¾“- ’¹£ÉEo ¦μǪ½ÅÐŒ ª½³Äu ®¾¢§Œá- ¾ - - Ñ≤ZãπZbfi ã≤16 `«# <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ^Œâ◊Å#∞ Âî{Õx, «âœ¿Õ …X¾“- ’¹£É©Â¹× ª½Ö.135 Âî{Õx. ¹h¢’à ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-Íêá. -¾ x~° ‚ ~ ÚOz# 㨠= ∞Ü« ∞ OÖ’ ˆ H Ï~ÚOz# ¦ª½Õ«Û: Hõ H õ Δ ºÖ’H˜ KÕ ~ ° ∞ ‰õ Ω Ok. ~À^Œ ã ‘ Ö ’H˜ „çáÅŒh¢ Ȫ½Õa ª½Ö.230 Âî{Õx. ^Œ∂ã¨∞‰õΩáÈ~Ú# Ѷ¨∞# WO^è•xH˜ K≥Ok# J²ò-ªýq¬ÇšüÐ2: - 92 ÂË©ð©Õ, °N-ÅÂé¢: 骢œä@ÁÙ,x -Œ "≥Ú^Œ ˜^Œâ◊Ö’ ÃãHõ#∞‰õΩ 1.7H˜.g∞. "ÕQÆO`À “¦¼μ«Õº ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢: 101.35 ENÕ-³Ä©Õ, ŠÂ¹ˆ 2003©ð ƒ“²ò “X§ÖT¢-*Ê J²ò- ¾ ç- 157 ÃãHõ # ¡ ‰ õ Ω Ô ~ O_» = ^Œ â ◊ ‰ õ Ω ~åÔ H ò ªýq¬ÇšüÐ1 ²Än¯ÃEo ƒC ¦μ¼Kh Íä®Õ¾ h¢C. - ªîVÂ¹× “¦¼μ«Õ-ºÇ©Õ: 14 KÕ~°∞‰õΩOk. JHõ¯_»#∞O_ç ÃãHõ#∞‰õΩ 3.95 …X¾§Ö’¹¢: - ç H˜.g∞. "ÕQÆO`À 265 ÃãHõ#¡‰õΩ =¸_»= ^Œâ◊ ¦ª½Õ«Û: ʹ~“ÅéÕ, „ÃÅÃ-«-ª½º ÆŸμ¿u-§ŒÕ- „áê~°OÉè"∞≥ Ok. P ^ŒâÖ’ 5.9 H˜.g∞. "ÕQO`À í ÿ ◊ Æ 1206 ÂË©ð©Õ, °N-ÅÂé¢: ‰Ÿä@ÁÙ,x -Œ Ê¢©ð X¾J¬ðŸμ¹ NŸÄu-ª½Õ©Â¹× ÅîœÄp{Õ. - ¿ -n Ѩ Ü « ∞ xOz# ~åÔ H ò <åÅ∞QÆ = ^Œ â ◊ ‰ õ Ω “¦¼μ«Õº ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢: 101.35 ENÕ-³Ä©Õ, ŠÂ¹ˆ ‡ÂúqÐ-¬Çšü: KÕ ~ ° ∞ ‰õ Ω Ok. H© Å Hõ " ≥ ∞ ÿ # „^Œ = WO^è Œ # ªîVÂ¹× “¦¼μ«Õ-ºÇ©Õ: 14 ^Œ â ◊ ` Àáê@∞ 822 H˜ . g∞. Z`« ∞ Î # L#fl ƒC ®Ï¢’¹XܪýÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ „çá{d„á- -¾ -ç JO`« i Hõ Δ O Ö’H˜ =¸_» ∞ LѨ „ QÆ Ç ¨  Å#∞ «u«-²Ä§ŒÕ¢, •©-«Êª½Õ©Õ, “’ÃOÕ-ºÇ- -- Ÿ¿šË …X¾-“’¹£¾Ç¢. Ñ≤ Z ãπ Z bfi JÖ’=Hõ Q Í 18.16 ÃãHõ # ¡ Gμ«%Cl,´ °« ƒ¢Ÿμ¯Ã©Õ ÅŒCŪ½ ª½¢’Ã©Â¹× - -¿ - Œ ¦ª½Õ«Û : 106 ÂË©ð©Õ. 㨠= ∞Ü« ∞ OÖ’ „Ѩ " Õ â ◊ Ã Ñ ˜ ì `« # Ѩ x x 殫©Õ. X¾¢{© ¯ÃºuÅŒ, Æ{O²Ä¢“ŸÅ,Œ ®¾ª½- ¿ …X¾§Ö’¹¢: - ç =ÚyOzOk. `˘Å∞`« 1206 H˜ Ö ’Å ®¾Õq©Õ, J•-ªÃy-§ÕŒ ª©ð …Êo FšË²Änªá ’¹ÕJh¢X¾Û. - ½x - J„çÖšü-å®-Eq¢’û, ƒ„äÕèü “¤Äå®-®¢’û - Ï |~°∞=ÙQÆÅ s™È~üû âßò-2 LѨ„QÆÇxfl KÕ~Û° QÍ ¨ ®¾«á“ŸÄ-©ðxE ¯ö¹© ²ÄnÊ¢, „ä’¹¢ ÅŒCŪ½ ®¾«Ö- -Œ ²Ä¢êÂA¹ X¾JèÇc¯Ã© X¾KÂË~¢ÍŒœÄ-EÂË. - - - - 92 ÔH.rÅ Ü«¸`ü âßò, 106 ÔH.rÅ ZH±û ÍÃ-ªÃEo ¨ «u«®¾n ’¹ÕJh®Õ¾ h¢C. ¨ …X¾“- ’¹£Ç¢ - ¾ âßò LѨ„QÆǨÅ∞ Ô~O_»∞ XˆH™êi HõHõΔ ºÖ’H˜ 骢œä@Á©ð ÍŒ¢“Ÿ§Ö¯þÐ2 -x -¿ Œ Æ¢C¢Íä ¤¶ñšð©Õ «Õªî 15 Ÿä¬Ç©Â¹× “X§Ö- ¾ ç KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú. •Ê¢. ÍŒ¢“Ÿ§Ö¯þÐ2 “X§Ö’¹¢ 2013Ð14 -¿ Œ ¾ ç Hõ H õ Δ ºÖ’H˜ KÕ ~ ° ∞ ‰õ Ω #fl =¸_» ∞ ‚Jn¹ ®¾¢«-ÅqŒ ª½¢©ð …¢{Õ¢-ŸE ¦μǪ½ÅŒ ƢŌ- - ¿ i™È~üûâßò-2 =Å¡ LѨÜ≥∂QÍÅ∞ LѨ„QÆǨÖ’¡ s™È~üû âßò 2, Ü«¸`ü âßò J¹~ X¾J¬ð-ŸÊ ®¾¢®¾n Í쪽t¯þ éÂ.ªÃ-ŸÄ¹%†¯þ “X¹- - ¿μ jç μ - - g¾ ¾ =∞# ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok#q HÍQÆ, ZH±û âßò J`åº^èŒ∞xHõ ™êOˆHuHõ Ѩi*Ï˝#O`À šË¢Íê½Õ. ªÃÊÕÊo œÄ-C©ð «âœ¿Õ XÔ‡®ý‡- - - - ã≤OQÆѨÓ~ü ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok#k. Ü«¸`ü âßò ~°∂á⁄OkOz# i™È~üûâßò-2 ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ©üO, ŠÂ¹ °‡-®ý‡©üO „ã¾Ç¹ ¯ö¹©ÊÕ “X§Ö- -- - ¾ ç LѨ „ QÆ Ç ¨ Ï O "å`å=~° } O, #Hõ Δ „ `åÅ i"≥∂ò ÃãxûOQ∑ LѨ„QÆǨÅ „âı}˜Ö’ 18= T-²Äh«ÕE „ç©œ¢Íê½Õ. 2016©ð ¯Ã²ÄÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ - -x Ë - J^è Œ º Ü« ∞ <åxH˜ LѨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÆ Ñ ¨ _ » # ∞<åfl~Ú. LѨ „ QÆ Ç ¨ Ï O. 2003Ö’ „Ѩ Ü ≥ ∂ yOz# èãšü “¤ñX¾©¯þ ©ã¦ðêª{K (èäX‡©ü)Åî ƒ“²ò -¥ - -Ô s™È~üûâßò LѨ„QÆǨÏOÖ’ á⁄O^Œ∞Ѩiz# i™È~üûâßò-1 HÍÅѨiq∞u ^•˜#O^Œ∞# ®¾¢§Œá¹h¢’à ͌¢“ŸÕ¿ œåË Xj X¾J¬ð-ŸÊ©Õ ÍäX{-d - - -¿ μ -¾ =¸_»∞ ÔH=∞~åÅ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O`À <å}º`«, LѨ„QÆÇ¨Ï P^è•i`« ^Œ∂~° ѨijÅ# ¿ã=Å∞ ÊÕ-Êo{Õx ÅçL¤Äª½Õ. ê«©¢ ¹¹~u©ð¯ä X¾JNÕÅŒ¢ - - - J`«ºkèHõ "≥·âßźO QÆÅ KèåÜ«∂z„`åÅ#∞ x~° O `« ~ ° O JOkOK« _ ®xH˜ nxfl ÂùעœÄ ÍŒ¢“ŸÕ¿ E OÕŸ¿ Aª½Õ’¹ÕÅŒÖ Ê«â- - ¿ãHõ i OKÕ O ^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω ZO`« Q Í<À LѨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÆ „ѨÜ≥∂yã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. i™È~üûâßò-1Ö’ L#fl ¯Ã©Õ æ®Â¹J¢Íä NŸμ¢’à DEo ª½ÖX¾Â¹©pÊ Íä®Õ¾ h- - ¿ -- Ѩ _ » # ∞Ok. JO`Õ Q ͉õ Ω O_® WO^Œ ∞ Ö’ q^èŒOQÍ<Õ iâßò-2Ö’ ‰õÄ_® 3 ÔH"≥∞~åÅ#∞ ¯Ão-«ÕE ÅçL¤Äª½Õ. ¨ œÄC W¯þ©ð XÔ‡®ý- - - á⁄O^Œ∞Ѩiz# LѨHõ~°}ÏÅ∞ ã¨=Ú„^•ÅÖ’¡x P=∞~åÛ~°∞. =¸_»∞ ÃãÊ„HõìÖò ÉϺO_£ûÖ’ ‡-MyЮÏ17 „ã¾Ç¹ ¯ö¹ ŸÄyªÃ °¬ÇšüÐ12 …X¾- <ÒHõÅ "ÕQÆO, LxH˜x Ѩã≤QÆ@ì#∞<åfl~Ú. "≥·Öò¤Ñ‘Ť~ü Ãã#û~ü J=∞~åÛ~°∞. ã¨=Ú„^•Ö’¡ “’¹£ÉEo ƢŌJ¹~¢©ðÂË “X§ÖT¢-ÍÊÕ-¯Ão-«ÕE -¾ -- - ¾ ç - -Œ ÔH"≥∞~åÅ ^•fi~å ¿ãHõiOz# KèåÜ«∂z„`åÅ#∞ <ÒHõÅ∞ uiˆQ LxH˜x, "ÕQÆO "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·# ~å_®~°¡ ÃãO@~°‰Ω ѨO¿ÑO^Œ∞‰õΩ LѨ„QÆÇÏOÖ’ ¡õ ¨ „ç©œ¢Íê½Õ. ƒŸä ®¾¢«-ÅqŒ ª½¢ ‚È-ª½Õ©ð XÔ‡®ý- -x Ë - - POâßÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ LѨÜ≥∂QÆ 400 lQÍ Éˇ·@¡ ™ê=∞~°÷ºO QÆÅ Ô~O_»∞ ‡MyЮÔ18, «Íäa œÄC XÔ‡®ý‡MyЮÔ19 „ã¾Ç¹ - -- iHÍ~°∞¤Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® W„™È á⁄O^Œ∞ѨizOk. Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. ¯ö¹©ÊÕ “X§ÖT²Äh«ÕE N«-J¢-Íê½Õ. - ¾ ç-- - 2 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
  • 3. 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 ÖË>ˇãπì HõÔ~Oò [#~°Öò <åÖˇ_£˚ 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 54321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432 543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321210987654321098765432109876543211 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 J"å~°∞¤Å∞ 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 "≥∞^ŒH± HõàÏHÍ~°∞_çH˜ 'ÉèÏ~°`« qHÍ㨠WÖÏ Éèíò‰õΩ Ç¨~°fi~ü¤ =iû© J"å~°∞¤ 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 ~°`«fl— „Ѩ=ÚY JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ HÍi‡Hõ <Õ`,« ÃãÖòÊù ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤ á⁄Ok# ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ "≥∞^ŒH± lÖÏ¡ |O^•~°O „QÍ=∂xH˜ K≥Ok# -ZOáê¡Üü∞_£ =Ù"≥∞<£û J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞+¨<£ (¿ã"å) =º=™ê÷Ѩ‰õΩ~åÖˇ·# „Ѩ=ÚY∞Å∞ „Ѩ=ÚY *Ï#Ѩ^Œ HõàÏHÍ~°∞_»∞ Ñ≤e¡@¡ „ѨHÍ+π‰õΩ WÖÏ Éè í ò ‰ õ Ω <ÀɡÖò „ÃÑ·*ò JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞OQÍ ZO`« HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞íè `«fiO 'ÉèÏ~°`« qHÍ㨠~°`fl« — ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl ˆ „Ѩ u ëêì ` « ‡ Hõ " ≥ ∞ ÿ # „Ѩuëêª`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ#^À ~°K«#Å∞, Ѩ„uHÍ ~°K«# „ѨHõ ˜OzOk. ÉèÏ~°`« „ѨÉèí∞`«fi ã¨=∂Kå~°, Ǩ  ~åfi~ü ¤ =iû© ~°OQÍÖ’¡ ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤ JO`Õ „Ѩuëêª`«‡H „Ѩ™ê~åÅ =∞O„u`«fi âßYÖ’x ˆQÜ«∞, <å@Hõ #∞Oz '~å_£ H ˜ ¡ Ñ ¶ π "∞≥ #k. D J"å~°∞#∞ QÆ_z# U_»∞#fl~° ^ŒâßÉÏÌÖ’¡ õ ÿ ¤ ç qÉèÏQÆO, ɡOQÆà¥~°∞Ö’x qâıfi~°∞fi~°Ü∞« º ᶜO_Õ+<£ ◊ ¨ W<£ã@∂ºò "≥∞_»Öò— ì≤ #Å∞QÆ∞~°∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ∞ ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩx ^Õâ◊ H©iÎ ã¨OÜ«ÚHõÎOQÍ D J"å~°∞¤#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~Ú. JaèOzOk. '¿ã"å— „Ѩu+¨ªÅ#∞ W#∞=∞_çOѨ*Ëâß~°∞. g~°O`å qq^èŒ ã¨ fi K« Û O^Œ 㨠O 㨠÷ =∂iì<£ sãπ‰õΩ >ˇOѨÙÖò@<£ „ÃÑ·*ò ^•fi~å ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 10 ~°OQÍÖ’¡ xëê‚`«∞ÖË. 1937Ö’ [~°fle[OÖ’ ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤#∞ QÀqO^£ cǨs ÖÏÖò ÔH·=ã¨O „a˜+π YQÀà◊âß„ã¨Î"Õ`«Î =∂iì<£ *ˇ.sãπ ÅHõΔÅ =∞Ok ÉèÏ~°`« 2011 㨠O =`« û ~° O >ˇ O Ѩ Ù Öò @ <£ „ÃÑ· * ò ‰ õ Ω =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞O Láêkè á⁄O^ÕÖÏ PÅO|#QÍ KÕ ã ¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω <åfl~° ∞ . PÜ« ∞ # HÍeá¶ È iflÜ« ∂ Ü«¸x=i≈©Ö’ 1912Ö’ QÆ∞~°∞ QÀqO^£ã≤OQ∑ xÅ=_»O ^•fi~å 77 Uà◊¡ Éèíò KÕã≤# qâı+¨ Hõ$+≤H˜, ã¨=∂[OÃÑ·# P"≥∞ K«∂Ñ≤# „ѨÉèÏ"åxH˜ ™êÇ≤ÏÉò ™ê¯Å~ü+≤Ñπ g∞^Œ q^•ºÉèϺã¨O KÕâß~°∞. QÆ∞iÎOѨÙQÍ D Ѩ`«HÍxfl |Ǩ˙HõiOK«#∞#fl@∞¡ âß<£„á¶êxû™È¯ ZQÍ˚q∞#~ü Ãã·<£û Z_ç@~üQÍ Ñ¨x Ǩ~åfi~ü¤ =iû©H˜ K≥Ok# ~å_£H˜¡Ñ¶π W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò KÕâß~°∞. P `«~°∞"å`« 2000 ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’ "≥Å¡_çOzOk. ã¨=∂[OÃÑ· QÆ}hÜ«∞ „ѨÉèÏ=O ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~°∞. J"å~°∞¤ H˜O^Œ 1.6 q∞eÜ«∞<£ K«∂Ñ≤Oz# =º‰õΩÎʼnõΩ WKÕÛ D Ѩ`«HÍxfl ~å_£H˜¡Ñ¶π _®Å~°¡ #QÆ^Œ∞#∞ |Ǩ˙Hõi™êÎ~°∞. J"≥∞iH͉õΩ _Õ ã¨ O ^Œ ~ ° ƒ ù O QÍ "Õ ∞ 27# Éè í ò ‰ õ Ω K≥Ok# >ˇOѨÙÖò@<£ ᶜO_Õ+¨<£ D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl |Ǩ˙HõiOK«#∞#fl@∞¡ =iû© „ѨHõ ˜OzOk. U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤Ok. P"≥∞#∞ D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O`À Q“~°qã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨‚<£ "≥·@Öò "å~ÚÃããπ QÆ~fiѨ_∞`«∞#fl@∞¡ ~å_£HÑπ¶ W<£ã@∂ºò ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. ° » ¡˜ ì≤ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O „>Ë_£ Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞QÍ LO_Õ '¿ã"å— ã¨Oã¨÷#∞ Éèíò 1972Ö’ ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞. ÉÏeHõ Å ∞, =∞Ç≤ Ï à◊ Å q„Hõ Ü « ∂ xfl `«~åfi`« '¿ã"å— P^èŒfi~°ºOÖ’ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡ ~°∞}ÏÅ∞, JiHõ>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ qâı+¨OQÍ Hõ$+≤ KÕã¨∞Î#fl _®Hõì~ü P~ÀQƺ, rq`« c=∂, tâ◊√ ã¨O~°HõΔ}ÖÏO˜ J"≥∞iHÍÖ’ ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_ç# „Ѩ"å㨠ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú~åÅ∞ ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨‚<£ „Ѩuëêª`«‡Hõ '"≥·@Öò "å~ÚÃããπ HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ =O^Œ‰Ωõ ÃÑQÍ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ · ~°≠∞Oáê ÖÏ„Ç≤Ï HÍÅÊxHõ ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºOÖ’ ѨÙe@˚~ü QÀ¡|Öò b_»~ü+≤Ñπ J"å~°∞¤— JO^Œ∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~° ã¨OѶ¨∂Å∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞. 2010 J"å~°∞¤#∞ ÔH·=ã¨O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P"≥∞ ~åã≤# "å+≤OQÆì<£ ˆHO„^ŒOQÍ Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã "≥·@Öò "å~ÚÃããπ <å˜H˜ '¿ã"å— ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ ã¨OYº 12 ÅHõΔʼnõΩ "≥Ú^Œ ˜ #=Å 'k <Õ"£∞¿ãH±— P^è•~°OQÍ g∞~å ã¨fiK«ÛùO^Œã¨Oã¨÷ UÏ =∂#=ǨωõΩ¯Å HÀã¨O KÕ~°∞‰õΩOk. <åÜ«∞~ü K«Å#z„`åxfl xi‡OKå~°∞. ɡOQÍÖòH˜ áÈ~å_Õ"åiH˜ D J"å~°∞¤Å#∞ „Ѩ^è•#O KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Hõ#fl_» ~°K«~Ú`« Éèˇ·~°Ñ¨Ê‰õΩ ã¨~°ã¨fif D™êi ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨<`À áê@∞ |~å‡ „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º ‚ £ K≥Ok# ~°≠∞Oáê Å„Ç≤Ï „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O Hõà◊Å∞, W`«~° Ü≥∂^èŒ∞~åÅ∞ POQ∑ ™ê<£ ã¨∂H©, W„*ÏÜ≥∞Öò âßOu ã¨=∂‡<£ ~°OQÍÖ’¡ „ÃÑã≤_Oò |~åH± XÉÏ=∂H˜ ã¨ÅǨ WKÕÛ ≥ HÍ~°ºHõ~°ÎÅ∞ Öˇ·~å<£ ÃÑÖˇQ∑-ǨÏ_Àg∞, ™ÈǨ „Ѩ u ëêª ` « ‡ Hõ 㨠~ ° ã ¨ fi f 㨠= ∂‡<£ Hõq∞©Ö’ ã¨Éèí∞º~åeQÍ L<åfl~°∞. YuÜ≥∞Éò HÍ"≥∞~°∂<£ J^茺HõΔ JÉèíºi÷ HÍÇπÏ "åÖÏ, ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O-2011‰õΩ Hõ#fl_» ~°K«~Ú`« ZãπZÖò =∞~À =¸_Õà◊¡‰õΩ (2003Ö’) ÉèÏ~°`« JѶ¨…x™ê÷<£ L^Œº=∞HÍi}˜ á¶êu=∂ JHõƒs, Éè~ÑÊ ZOÑ≤HÜ∂º~°∞. PÜ«∞# #=Å '=∞O„^•—‰õΩ ·ˇ ° ¨ õ « J"≥∞iHÍ K«@ìã¨Éèí‰õΩ n~°…HÍÅOQÍ „áêux^茺O QÍ#∞ J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk. 2000-09 =∞^茺 22 ã¨O`«uH˜ K≥Ok# w`å P#O^£ [~°fleã¨∞ìQÍ, =Ç≤Ïã¨∞Î#fl XHõ ã¨Éèí∞º~åeH© g˜x „ѨHõ ˜OKå~°∞. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ÉèÏ+¨Ö’¡x #=ÅÅ#∞ ѨijeOz ~°K«~Ú„uQÍ ã¨∞„Ѩã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞. P"≥∞ QÆ`«OÖ’ É’ã¨ì<£ ÃÇ·Ï„^•ÉÏ^£Ö’x „Ѩ[Å ã¨fiK«ÛùO^Œã¨Oã¨÷ ã¨Ç¨Ï '=∞O„^•— #∞ ZOÑ≤HõKÕã≤#@∞¡ ã¨∞„Ñ‘OHÀ~°∞ì =∂r QÀ¡ÉòH˜ á⁄e˜HÖò ~@~üQÍ =º=ǨÏiOKå~°∞. "åÖò õ Ô· =º=™ê÷Ѩ‰õΩ~åeQÍ =º=ǨÏiã¨∞Î#fl ã¨∞h`å Hõ$+¨‚<£ „Ѩ ^ è • # <åºÜ« ∞ =¸iÎ rc Ѩ ÏflÜ« ∞ H± „ã‘ò [#~°ÖòH˜ `«~K∞« "庙êÅ∞ ~å¿ã"å~°∞. P"≥∞‰õΩ ì ° =ºaè K å~° O HÀ㨠O |Å=O`« q„Hõ Ü « ∂ xH˜ <Õ`«$`«fiOÖ’x ZOÑ≤Hõ Hõq∞© ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. ˆHˆH a~å¡ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl ZO`À=∞Ok Ñ≤Å¡Å∞, =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ ᶜO_Õ+¨<£ <≥ÅH˘eÊ# D J"å~°∞¤ H˜O^Œ ~°∂. 2003Ö’ ѨÙe@˚~ü J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk. D J"å~°∞¤ HÍáê_®~° ∞ . "åi Ѩ Ù #~å"å™êxH© áê@∞ 7.5 ÅHõΔÅ #QÆ^Œ∞, *Ï˝Ñ≤Hõ JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞. á⁄Ok# #=Å#∞ K«Å# z„`«OQÍ xi‡OKå~°∞. Ѩ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 3
  • 4. xëê ~å[QÀáêÖò‰õΩ ZO.Zãπ. ZOÑ≤ H õ KÕ â ß~° ∞ . =∞# ~åRO #∞Oz 44 ã¨∞|ƒÖH˜Δ‡ J"å~°∞¤ ѨOKåÜ«∞fʼnõΩ D MϺu ^ŒH˜¯Ok. "≥ Ú @ì " ≥ Ú ^Œ ˜ 'Ç≤ Ï O^Œ ∂ 㨠i QÆ = ∞ +¨Ç‘Ï<å‰õΩ K«"Õ∞b ^Õ= *ˇ·<£ J"å~°∞¤ ZO.Zãπ. ã¨∞|∞ƒÅH˜Δ ‡ J"å~°∞¤ Hõ~å‚@Hõ ã¨Ow`« 'FÃÑ<£— =∂ºQÆ*<£ Hõ~™êÊO_≥Oò +¨ÇÏ<å ·ˇ ° ‘ HõàÏHÍi}˜ xëê ~å[QÀáêÖò‰õΩ ÅaèOzOk. ÔH.ÔH.‰õΩ 2010 ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ K«"Õ∞b ^Õ= *ˇ·# 2010Ö’ <≥ÅH˘eÊ# D J"å~°∞¤#∞ Hõ~å‚@Hõ J"å~° ∞ ¤ # ∞ =∂iÛ 15# #∂º_è ç b ¡ Ö ’ ã¨Ow`«OÖ’ „áêg}ºO QÆ_çOz# 25-35 =∞^茺 |Ǩ˙HõiOKå~°∞. g∞_çÜ«∂Ö’ J`«∞º`«Î=∞ „ѨuÉèí =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’ L#fl "åiH˜ JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞. Hõ#|~°z# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ D J"å~°∞¤ W™êÎ~°∞. ¿ã=Å∞ JOkOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êOˆHuHõ Ѩi*Ï˝<åxfl HõÑ≤Öò‰õΩ QÀ¡|Öò _≥·=iû© J"å~°∞¤ +¨Ç‘Ï<å QÆ`« 13 Uà◊√¡QÍ „Ñ≤Oò, >ˇeq[<£ 㨠~ Àfi`« Î = ∞ Ѩ ^ Œ ú u Ö’ LѨ Ü ≥ ∂ y㨠∂ Π㨠O 㨠÷ g∞_çÜ«∂Ö’ ѨxKÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ~°∂ѨHõÅÊ# KÕã≤# >ˇb "≥∞_çã¨<£ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ D ÉèÏ~°`« ^ÕâßxH˜ `˘e™êiQÍ „H˜ÔHò J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk. ÃÇÏKüZOP~üS ã‘DF _®Hõ~ü ì „Ñ¨ÑOK« HõÑ#∞ ™êkèOz Ãј# [@∞ì HÃÑ<£ HõÑÖò ¨ π ì Ô ì ≤ KÒ"≥∂ǨÏÖÏ¡ áêºÖˇãπ‰õΩ Ü«Ú<≥™È¯ ^Õ " £ # ∞ „H© _ » Å ‰õ Ω ÉÏÖÏr B@¡ ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^£ Ö ’ [iy# "å~°ã¨`«fi J"å~°∞¤ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ =ÚYº=∞O„u H˜~°}ü‰õΩ=∂~üÔ~_ç¤ ã¨O|OkèOz 2011 㨠O =`« û ~åxH˜ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’x KÒ"≥ÚǨÏÖÏ¡ áêºÖˇã‰Ω · πõ KÕ`«∞Åg∞^Œ∞QÍ D J"å~°∞¤#∞ ã‘fiHõiOKå~°∞. QÍ#∞ QÀ¡ | Öò Pã≤Ü«∂ Ѩã≤Ѷ≤H± "å~°ã¨`«fi J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk. a<åÜ«∞H± ¿ã<£‰õΩ ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂ _≥ · = iû© J"å~° ∞ ¤ J"å~°∞¤ HÀ㨠O ZOÑ≤ H õ KÕ™ê~°∞. „H˜ÔHòÖ’ áœ~°Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞_»∞ a<åÜ«∞H± Hõ Ñ ≤ Ö ò ™êkè O z# ¿ã<£ ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂ =∂#= ǨωõΩ¯Å J"å~°∞¤‰õΩ J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~°∞. Pã≤Ü«∂ YO_»OÖ’ âßOu, q[Ü« ∂ Å∞, QÆ ` « „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞ºO, <åºÜ«∞O HÀã¨O qâı+¨ Hõ$+≤ KÕã≤# U_®k Sã≤ã≤ ǨÖò PѶπ ¿Ñ¶"£∞Ö’ HõÑ≤Öò‰õΩ ™ê÷#O "åiH˜ ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂ JO^Œ*˿㠄Ѩuëêª`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ÅaèOz#O^Œ∞# PÜ«∞##∞ D J"å~°∞¤‰õΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ 'QÍfiOQÆ ∞ ˚ |Ǩ ï =∞u 2011— =iOzOk. KÕ™ê~°∞. D J"å~°∞¤ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xH˜ J^茺HõΔ`« ~å[„^ÀǨÏO ˆHã¨∞ H˜O^Œ JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú# a<åÜ«∞H± =Ç≤ÏOz# „a@<£ ǨϟO =º=Ǩ~åÅ Hõq∞© ¿ã<£ ã¨∞„Ñ‘OHÀ~°∞ìO P^ÕâßÅ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ W©=ÖË K≥·~°‡<£, ÖË|~ü áêsì ZOÑ≤ H©`ü "å*ò HõÑ≤Öò#∞ ɡ~ÚÅ∞ÃÑ· q_»∞^ŒÅÜ«∂º~°∞. ^ŒH˜Δ} H˘iÜ«∂ „ѨÑOK« „H©_ÅH P^Œ~≈° „áêÜ«Ú_»x Jaè=i‚OKå~°∞. ¨ » ˆ ™êO㨯 $uHõ "å~°ã`fi Ѩi~°H} HÀã¨O D J"å~°∞¤ ¨ « Δõ ^ŒH˜¯Ok. ~åROÖ’ D J"å~°∞¤ á⁄Ok# `˘e ~å[^è•x ã≤Ü≥∂ÖòÖ’x QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ J"å~°∞¤Å ZOÑ≤Hõ „a@<£Ö’ aè#fl ã¨O㨇 $`«∞Å#∞, <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fi Hõq∞© a<åÜ«∞H± ¿ã<£ ZOÑ≤Hõ q+¨Ü«∂xfl ÅHõ Δ } ÏÅ#∞ ÃÑOá⁄OkOK« _ » O HÀ㨠= "å*ò Kåi„`«Hõ Hõ@_O W^Õ. D J"å~°∞#∞ =∂iÛ 15# ì » ¤ x*ÏO "å~°ã¨∞ʼnõΩ „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞. „ѨH OzOk. QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ J"å~°∞‰Ωõ ZOÑ≤H# "åiH˜ õ ˜ ¤ Ô· U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤# <≥H±û ì ÃãìÑπ ᶜO_Õ+¨<£ ã¨Oã¨÷ D 50 "ÕÅ J"≥∞iHÍ _®Å~°¡#∞ JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞. „Ѩu J"å~°∞¤#∞ „Ѩu UÏ W™ÈÎOk. WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ =∂bÌ=ÙÅ J^茺‰õΔΩ_çH˜ =∂i¬Ü«∞ãπ ã¨O=`«û~°O "Õ∞ 18# [iˆQ QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º D J"å~°∞¤#∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ#fl "åiÖ’ Ô~=Ô~O_£ *ˇã‘û J"å~°∞¤ "åi¬Hõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ D J"å~°∞¤#∞ „Ѩ^•#O *ÏHõû<£, ÉÏb=Ù_£ ã¨∂Ѩ~ü™êì~ü Jq∞`åÉò |K«Û<£, KÕ™êÎ~∞. =∂#= ǨωõΩ¯Å∞, „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º ~°OQÍÖ’¡ ° „a@<£‰Ω K≥Ok# „Ѩ=ÚY "≥∂Ï~ü ~ãπ xѨÙ}∞_»∞ õ ˆ =∂i+¨ãπ J`«∞º#fl`« ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O ''„QÍO_£ Hõ=∂O_»~ü PѶπ k P~°¤~ü PѶπ k ™êì~ü JO_£ k H© qâı+¨OQÍ Hõ$+≤ KÕã≤# XHõ =ºH˜Îx QÍx, ã¨Oã¨÷#∞ Å∂~Úãπ Ǩq∞Åì<£ L<åfl~°∞. HÍ=∞<£û ã¨Éíè _≥xOQ∑ · ~° ∂ "£ ∞ Ö’ Hõ # ∞flŠѨ O _» ∞ =QÍ [iy# PѶπ k WO_çÜ«∞<£ F+¨<£—— J"å~°∞¤#∞ =∂bÌ=ÙÅ QÍh QÍfiOQÆ∞˚ J"å~°∞¤‰õΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕ™êÎ~°∞. HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ _≥g∞ Ãã·ìeOQ∑ WO_çÜ«∂ ã¨Oã¨÷ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ "≥ÚǨχ^£ #+‘^£‰õΩ =∂i+¨<£ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ PâßÉè’¿ã¡#∞ ã¨<å‡xOz# ǨÏ∫ãπ K≥·~°‡<£ J~°˚<£ "≥OHÍiÜ«∂ HõÑ≤Öò ^Õ"£‰õΩ D Jx~À^£ AQÆ<Ò`ü =∂iÛ 12# „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞. è PѶπ HÍ=∞<£û J"å~°∞¤#∞ JO^Œ*Ë™ê~°∞. #+‘^£`À áê@∞ ^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍ =∂r J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ <≥Åû<£ =∞O_ÕÖÏ, QÆÜ«∂<å =∂r J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ K≥s¤ „Ѩ=ÚY <ÕÑ^ºŒä QÍÜ«∞x PâßÉè’¿ã#∞ ǨÏ∫ãπ ¨ ¡ 44 ѨOKåÜ«∞fʼnõΩ x~°‡Öò „QÍ"£∞ PѶπ HÍ=∞<£ûÖ’ ã¨<å‡#O [iyOk. ã¨Ow`« [QÆ<ʼnõΩ „QÍO_£ Hõ=∂O_»~ü PѶπ k P~°~ü J"å~°∞¤ £ ¤ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~ü ÅaèOzOk. HõàÏ~°OQÆOÖ’ P"≥∞ KÕã# J=~°à◊ Hõ$+≤H˜ QÆ∞iÎOѨÙQÍ ≤ „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÖ’¡ Ѩ i â◊ √ „Éè í ` « # ∞ P"≥∞‰õΩ J~°∞^≥·# D ÃÇÏKüZOP~üSH˜ <å™ê¯"£∞ ã¨<å‡#O ÅaèOzOk. ÃÑOá⁄OkOK«_®xH˜ ˆHO„^ŒO J=∞Å∞ KÕã¨∞Î#fl 'x~°‡Öò „QÍ"£∞ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~ü— HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xH˜ D U_®k ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O 77 Uà◊ § Ѩ ^ Œ ‡ 2.808 „QÍ=∞ ѨOKåÜ«∞fÅ∞ ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~Ú. P~ÀQƺ x~°fiǨÏ}, Ѩiâ’^èŒ<å ã¨Oã¨÷ qÉè∂+¨}ü „QÆÇÏ‘ `« Pâß, í Jxfl ~å„ëêìŠѨOKåÜ«∞fÅ#∞ ѨijeOz 21 (ÃÇÏKüZOP~üS) =∞~À™êi <å™ê¯"£∞ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl ÉèÏ~°`^âO QÆ~fi° Ѩ_ÖÏ « Õ◊ Õ ~å„ëêìʼnõΩ K≥Ok# „QÍ=∂Å#∞ D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxH˜ ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩOk. =∞iO`« =∞OkH˜ "≥∞~°∞ÔQ·# P~ÀQƺ KÕã# Q˘Ñ¨Ê=ºH˜QÍ D ≤ Î 4 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
  • 5. ã¨<å‡# HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O U~åÊ@∞ KÕã# Z<£.P~ü.S. ≤ xÖÏKå~° ∞ . Ѩ t Û=∞ɡ O QÍÖò Ö ’x u`åQÆ _ è £ JO_£ "Õ∞<Õ*ò"≥∞Oò ÖË|~ü ZO.Ñ≤. H©`ü =*ò Jaè=i‚OKå~°∞. 1943Ö’ „QÍ=∞OÖ’ '„ÃѶO_£û Å∞H±— ¿Ñi@ ã¨~å¯~°∞ fã≤# (SSÑ‘ZO) „ѨHõ ˜O ÉÏb=Ù_£ QÍÜ«∞‰õΩ~åÅ∞QÍ Hs~ü „áê~°OaèOz# Pâß, ˆ á¶⁄’ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åxfl fã¨∞‰õΩ=zÛOk. zOk. nx H˜ O ^Œ P~°∞ ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅ∞QÍ ã≤h~°OQÍxH˜ ¿ã=Å∞ JOkã¨∂<Õ Î 2010 ¢ã‘Î â◊H˜Î ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åÅ∞ ~° ∂ .HÀ˜ #QÆ ^ Œ ∞ L<åfl~°∞. JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞. [<£ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å JÉè∞í º#fluH˜ Hõ$+≤ KÕã# "åiH˜, ≤ Ö’H±áêÖò =º=ã¨÷#∞ Ãã·xHõ ^ŒàÏÅ „Ѩ^è•<åkèHÍiH˜ `«=∞ rq`«OÖ’ áÈ~å_ç q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOz# U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜, JqhuH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ J~°∞^≥·# Q“~°=O "åiH˜ „Ѩu UÏ D J"å~°∞Å#∞ HO„^Œ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ, ¤ ˆ âßOu Ü«Ú`«OQÍ L^Œºq∞ã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~îåQÆ∂~ü ÉèÏ~°`« Ãã·xHõ ^ŒàÏÅ „Ѩ^è•<åkèHÍi tâ◊√ ã¨OˆHΔ=∂aè=$kú =∞O„u`«fi âßY „Ѩ^•#O 150= [Ü«∞Ou L`«û"åÅ#∞ ѨÙ~°ã¨¯iOK«∞H˘x [#~°Öò gˆH ã≤OQ∑‰Ωõ J~°∞^≥# Q“~°=O ÅaèOzOk. · KÕã¨∞ÎOk. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ k<À`«û=O "Õ∞ 9# x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ „Ѩuëêì`«‡Hõ J"≥∞iHÍ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ =∂iÛ 8# #∂º_èçb¡Ö’ 2010 „ã‘Î PÜ«∞#‰õΩ âßOu |Ǩï=∞ux JO^Œ*Ë™êÎ~°∞. Ãã· x Hõ Hõ à ÏâßÅÖ’x â◊H˜Î ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åÅ#∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊, tâ◊√ ã¨OˆHΔ=∂aè=$kú ã¨z<£‰õΩ q[¤<£ J"å~°∞¤ ǨÖò PѶπ ¿Ñ¶"£∞Ö’ gˆH âßY =∞O„u Hõ$+¨‚ f~°÷ „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞. ÉèÏ~°`« =∂ã¨~ü ÉÏ¡ã~ü ã¨z<£ >ˇO_»∂ÅHõ~ü ì ì¨ ã≤ O Q∑ z„`« Ñ ¨ Ïxfl J"å~°∞¤ „QÆÇ‘Ï`«Å∞: MÏ`åÖ’ W<åflà◊ √ ¡ Pq+¨¯iOKå~°∞. "≥ e uQÍ L#fl J`«ºO`« J~°∞^≥·# D ~å}˜ ÅH©Δ‡ÉÏ~Ú J"å~°∞¤ : PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò‰õΩ K≥Ok# á⁄@ìÉèÏux „Ѩuëêì`«‡Hõ 'q[¤<£— Q“~°"åxfl ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩ#fl ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O KÕiOk. `˘e Éè Ï ~° f Ü« ∞ Ѩ^•‡=uH˜ „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞. P"≥∞ JOQÆ"HÖϺxfl ·≥ õ JkèQÆq∞Oz ã¨Ow`«O <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩx HõàÏHÍi}˜QÍ 2010 ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ ÃãxHõ^àÏÅ „Ѩ^•<åkèHÍiQÍ gˆH ã≤OQ∑ K«i„`«Ö’ · Œ è '„Ѩ Ñ ¨ O K« L`« Î = ∞ xezáÈ`å~°∞. =∂iÛ 11= `Õn# [iy# XHõ ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. D"≥∞ áÈeÜ≥∂ "åºkè„QÆã¨∞Î~åÅ∞. „H˜ÔH@~ü— ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ z„`«Ñ¨@ Pq+¨¯~°} J#O`«~°O Hõ#fly J"å~°∞¤ : ã¨z<£#∞ =iOzOk. gˆHã≤OQ∑ '=ӺǨ`«‡Hõ ~°HõΔ} <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO— J<Õ ã≤H¯˜ O‰õΩ K≥Ok# ^ä•QÆ∞=∂Ü«∂ |ˆ~"å‰õΩ Ì '„H˜ Ô H ò ɡ · a Öò — QÍ JOâ◊OÃÑ· LѨ#ºã≤OKå~°∞. |Ǩ˙HõiOKå~°∞. q`«O`«∞=ÙÅ∞, J<å^äŒÅ∞, QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠á⁄Ok# q[¤<£ "Õ∞QÆ*ˇ·<£ 2004Ö’ D ™Èfi~ü¤ PѶπ P#~ü á⁄Ok# `˘e Hõëê‚Ö’¡ L#fl"åix P^Œ∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ P"≥∞ Hõ$+≤ J"å~°∞¤#∞ „Ѩ"Õâ◊ÃјìOk. QÆ`«OÖ’ gˆ~O„^Œ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ tMÏ J=ã≤÷ KÕâß~°∞. ÃãǨfiQ∑ (ÉèÏ~°`ü), iH© áêO˜OQ∑, ¿+<£ "å~üfl ~å}˜ ÔQ·kh¡ leÜ«∂OQ∑ J"å~°∞¤ : (P„¿ãìeÜ«∂), PO„_»∂ Ñ≤¡OÏѶπ (WOQÆ¡O_£), =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ nHΔÍ ^ŒHõΔ`«Å‰õΩ Wk `å*Ï =Ú`«ÎÜ«∞º =Ú~°m^èŒ~°<£ (NÅOHõ), *ÏHõfiãπ Hõeãπ `å~å¯}O. ѨÓ}ˇÖ’x ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ ^ŒàÏÅ "≥·^Œº Hõ ~ å‚ @ Hõ ‰ õ Ω K≥ O k# ~° ` « fl =∞‡‰õ Ω (^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍ) D ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. HõàÏâßÅ (UZѶπZOã‘)‰õΩ K≥Ok# tMÏ J=ã≤÷ |Ǩ˙HõiOKå~°∞. ÉÏÅ HÍi‡Hõ =º=ã¨÷, =~°Hõ@flO W©=Å `«# z~°HÍÅ ã¨fiѨfl"≥∞ÿ# „ѨѨOK«HõÑπ#∞ J`«ºO`« J~°∞^≥·# Q“~°"åxfl ™êkèOKå~°∞. ZO`À ~° ∂ Ѩ Ù =∂Ѩ _ » O , ÉÏź q"åǨ  Å∞, ™êHÍ~°O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl ã¨z<£ 2009 ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ „Ѩuëêì`«‡HõOQÍ ÉèÏqOKÕ '™Èfi~ü¤ PѶπ P#~ü— JO@~åx`«#O, Öˇ·OyHõ "ÕkèOѨÙÅÃÑ· „Ѩ[Ö’¡ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã≤# „ѨѨOK« >ˇã¨∞ì [@∞ìÖ’#∂ ™ê÷<åxfl ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl á⁄Ok# `˘e =∞Ç≤Ïà◊QÍ P"≥∞ J=QÍǨÏ# HõeÊOK«_®xH˜ D"≥∞ Hõ$+≤ KÕâß~°∞. ã¨OáêkOKå_»∞. D [@∞ìÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü #∞Oz „Ѩ`ÕºHõ`«#∞ ™êkèOKå~°∞. nO`À áê@∂ J`«ºO`« ^Õq JǨÏÖϺÉÏÜü∞ Ǩϟů~ü J"å~°∞¤ : ã¨z<£`Àáê@∞ ÃãǨfiQ∑, ggZãπ ÅHõΔ ‡<£, ^èÀx, qt+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# ~åRѨu ã¨fi~°‚ Ѩ`«HõO, HõoOQÆ„’Ѷ‘x L`«Î~° „Ѩ^Õâò‰õΩ K≥Ok# 1989 ÉϺKü [Ç‘Ï~ü MÏ<£ L<åfl~°∞. 2008Ö’ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# Ãã·`«O tMÏ ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. L`«Î~°„Ѩ^ÕâòÖ’x SUZãπ JkèHÍi "≥∂xHÍ Zãπ. QÍ~üæ‰õΩ „Ѩ^•#O D >ˇã¨∞ì [@∞ì ZOÑ≤HõÖ’ `˘e™êi P„¿ãìeÜ«∂ ~åÜü∞|ˆ~bH˜ K≥Ok# tMÏ J=ã≤÷ PO„^茄Ѩ^ÕâòÖ’ KÕâß~°∞. „ѨÉèí∞`«fi HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Ö’¡ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ „H˜ÔH@~°¡‰õΩ ™ê÷#O ^ŒHõ¯ÖË^Œ∞. áê~î°âßÅ q^Œº#Éèíºã≤OKå~°∞. ã≤H˜O„^•ÉÏ^£Ö’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO HõeÊOK«_»O ^•fi~å =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ #Ok`å^•ãπ‰õΩ „á¶ê<£û ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O ÉÁÖÏ~°O „áêO`«OÖ’x ˆHO„nÜ«∞ q^•ºÅÜ«∞OÖ’ ™êkèHÍiHõ`«‰õΩ Hõ$+≤ KÕ"å~°∞. =∞`å l*ÏÉÏÜü∞, „Ѩ^•#O K«kq# J#O`«~°O P"≥∞ 2006Ö’ ѨÙ}ˇÖ’x ~å}˜ ~°∞„^Œ=∞^Õq J"å~°∞¤Å‰õΩ D U_»∞ Z=ih ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. ÉÏb=Ù_£ #˜, ^Œ~°≈‰õΩ~åÅ∞ #Ok`å UZѶπZOã‘H˜ =KÕÛâß~°∞. ^•ãπ‰Ω „á¶ê<£û J`«∞º#fl`« ™êO㨯 $uHõ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~°O õ ÉèÏ~°`« á¶⁄’„QÍѶ¨~ü‰õΩ „ѨMϺ`« ™Èx ǨÏ*ψ~‰õΩ ~îåQÆ∂~ü JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ '<≥ò PѶπ k P~°~ü PѶπ P~üì û—x „Ѩ^•#O KÕâß~°∞. · ¤ J"å~°∞¤ âßOu |Ǩï=∞u ã≤x=∂ ~°OQÆOÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü-„á¶ê<£û =∞^茺 "≥∞~°∞ÔQ·# [<£ Ö’H± á êÖò =º=㨠÷ U~åÊ@∞‰õ Ω ã¨ O |O^è • ʼnõ Ω Hõ $ +≤ ÉèÏ~°`« á¶⁄’„QÍѶ~ü ~°ÑÚ~°O[<£ ã¨~å¯~°∞ ¨ ¨¶ KÕã≤#O^Œ∞‰õΩ P"≥∞#∞ D (50) „ѨÑOK« „Ѩuëêì`‡« Hõ á¶⁄’„QÍѶ‘ ѨÙ~°™ê¯~åxfl ¨ âßOuÜ«Ú`« =∞Ǩϟ^Œº=∂xfl xi‡OK«_»OÖ’ ™ê=∂lHõ"`Ϋ J<åfl ǨÏ*ψ~ KÕã# Hõ$+≤H˜ J`«ºO`« Õ ≤ J"å~° ∞ ¤ =iOzOk. „a@<£Ö’ ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ™Èx =~°Öò¤ á¶⁄’„QÆѶ‘ „á¶ê<£û ~åÜ«∞ÉÏi *ˇ~˘"Õ∞ qÅ∞"≥ · # Q“~° = O ^Œ H ˜ ¯ Ok. „Ѩ u ëêª ` « ‡ Hõ J"å~üû¤ H˜O^Œ JOkOKÕ 'FÃÑ<£ Ñ‘ÑÙ¨ Öò á¶⁄’„QÍѶ~ü ¨ ~°gO„^Œ<å^ä£ ~îåQÆ∂~ü JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ âßOu ÉÁ#flᶠê Oò D PѶπ k WÜ«∞~ü J"å~ü¤—‰õΩ 148 ^ÕâßÅ #∞Oz |Ǩ ï =∞u-2011#∞ PÜ« ∞ #‰õ Ω JO^Œ * Ë Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åxfl #Ok`«‰õΩ 51 "ÕÅ =∞Ok áÈ© Ѩ_»QÍ ã¨~å¯~°∞ q*Ë`«QÍ Ü«∞#∞#fl@∞¡ WO_çÜ∞<£ W<£ã@∂ºò PѶπ á¶êxOQ∑ « ì≤ ¡ JO^Œ*Ëâß~°∞. ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 5
  • 6. 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# Ѩiâ’^èŒ#, ¿ã=Å ã¨Oã¨÷ W„á¶ê P xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅ∞ 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 `«~°∞"å`« 2009Ö’ "å<£Ö’ qb#"≥∞ÿOk. JѨʘ 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 #∞Oz "å<£-W„á¶êQÍ Wk ¿Ñ~°∞ á⁄OkOk. S~åã¨Ö’ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ Ãã„Hõ@s <å}º"≥∞ÿ# [~°fle[O, Ѩ„uHÍ ¿ãfiK«Ûù, #∂`«# [#~°ÖòQÍ ÅH©Δ‡Ñ¨Ói g∞_çÜ«∂ "åºáê~° Jaè=$kú D ã¨Oã¨÷ ÅHΔͺÅ∞. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O Wk „ѨѨOK« "åºÑ¨ÎOQÍ L#fl ^•^•Ñ¨Ù Éè Ï ~° ` « ^ Õ â ßxH˜ K≥ O k# ÅH© Δ ‡Ñ¨ Ó i 18 "ÕÅ „ѨK«∞~°}Å∞, 15 "ÕÅ P<£Öˇ·<£ Ãã·@¡‰õΩ SHõº~å[º ã¨q∞u =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ qÉèÏQÆOÖ’ Jã≤ÃãìOò „ѨuxkèQÍ LOk. *ÏHõÉò =∂^äŒ∂º Ö’QÆ_» "å<£ Ãã„Hõ @ s [#~° Ö ò Q Í xÜ« ∞ q∞`« ∞ ÅÜ« ∂ º~° ∞ . HÍ~°ºx~åfiǨÏHõ =∞O_»eÖ’ ѨxKÕâß~°∞. WO_çÜ∞« <£ „ѨÉèí∞`åfiŠѨ~°ã¨Ê~° ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O =ӺǨ`«‡Hõ #∂ºãπ¿ÑѨ~ü ™⁄Ãã· © (SZ<£Zãπ), ÉèÏ~°`« "åºáê~° ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO =º=Ǩ~åÅ#∞ P"≥∞ K«∂™êÎ~∞° . P"≥∞ „Ѩ H õ @ #Å <å}º`« =∞O_» e (UZãπ ã ‘ S ) =º=ǨÏiã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. 1991 SPsìZãπ ÉϺKü‰õΩ xÜ«∞=∞HÍxfl S~å㨠Ãã„Hõ@s [#~°Öò ÉÏ<£H© J^茺‰õΔΩ_çQÍ =º=ǨÏiOKå~°∞. K≥Ok# K«O„k=∂~åÜü∞ `˘e =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã‘ÑP~ÀfiQÍ ‘ =¸<£ „ѨHõ ˜OKå~°∞. Ѷ¨∞#`« ™êkèOKå~°∞. Ãã<åû~ü É’~ü¤ K≥·~ü Ѩ~°û<£QÍ bÖÏ ã‘SS H˘`«Î J^茺‰õΔΩxQÍ =Ú`«Î~å=∞<£ W^ŒÌ~°∞ ÉèÏ~°`« q^•º~°∞÷ʼnõΩ <å™ê âß=∞û<£ |Ǩï=∞u ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ѩi„â◊=∞Å ã¨=∂Yº (ã‘SS) Éè~`« <å@º HõàÏHÍi}˜ bÖÏ âß=∞û<£#∞ í° #∂`« # J^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω xQÍ ÉÏÅ㨠∞ „|=∞}˜ Ü « ∞ <£ <å™ê x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# F áÈ©Ö’ W^ŒÌ~°∞ ÃãO„@Öò É’~ü¤ PѶπ Ѷ≤Öò‡ ã¨iìѶ≤ˆH+¨<£ (ã‘cZѶπã‘) =Ú`«∞Î~å=∞<£ ZxflHõÜ«∂º~°∞. WO`«=~°‰õΩ P ÉèÏ~°`« z<åfl~°∞Å∞ [Ü«∞ˆH`«#O ZQÆ∞~°"Õâß~°∞. K≥~ü Ѩ~û° <£QÍ xÜ«∞q∞`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. P"≥∞ „Ѩã∞¨ `O · Î « Ѩ^Œqx x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# ǨÏi Zãπ.ÉèíiÎÜ«∂ #∞Oz K≥<≥·flÖ’x ÉèÏ=<£û ~å*Ïr q^•º„â◊=∞OÖ’ U_À ã¨Ow`« <å@Hõ PHÍ_≥g∞ K≥·~üѨ~°û<£QÍ L<åfl~°∞. ÉÏ^茺`«Å#∞ `«~°QÆu K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∞#fl ZO.N=`«û<£, =ã¨∞O^èŒ~å #˜ +¨i‡ÖÏ ~îåQÆ∂~ü ™ê÷#OÖ’ bÖÏ âß=∞û<£#∞ PÜ« ∞ # ã‘ fi Hõ i Q“`«"£∞Å∞ ~˘"Õ∞xÜ«∂ |$O^ŒO`À Hõeã≤ Ô~O_À xÜ«∞q∞OKå~°∞. ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ÏÏ |Ǩï=∞ux ã¨OÜ«ÚHõÎOQÍ ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. Ѷ≤Öò‡ ã¨iìѶ≤ˆH+¨<£ „˜|∞º#Öò K≥·~ü ã‘Öò "≥ãπ Kè~‡° <£QÍ ì · ·≥ SP~üSZãπ „áê*ˇ‰õΩì H˜O^Œ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# D Ѩ~°û<£QÍ Åe`ü ÉèÏã≤<£ =º=Ǩ Ï iOz# áÈ©Ö’ JO`«iHõΔOÖ’ =∂#=Ù_ç x"å™êxH˜ Ѷ≤Öò‡ ã¨iìѶ≤ˆH+¨<£ JÑ≤ÊÖËò „˜|∞º#Öò a.=Ú`«∞Î~å=∞<£, ã¨O|OkèOz F _ç*<#∞ "å~°∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞. ·ˇ £ K≥·~üѨ~°û<£QÍ „Ѩ=ÚY <åºÜ«∞"åk Åe`ü ÉèÏã≤<£ ã‘SS "≥·ãπ „ÃÑã≤_≥OòQÍ#∂ ѨxKÕâß~°∞. ÏÏ Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· ÅÉèíº=∞ÜÕ∞º =#~°∞ÖËg ÖËx W`«~° =∂iÛ 29# WO_»„ã‘ã,π ÉÏ+π eq∞>ˇ_Å =O˜ ѨÅ∞ HõOÃÑhÅ ì £ „QÆÇÅÃÑ· r=#O ZÖÏ LO@∞O^• Jx TÇ≤ÏOz ¨ xÜ«∞q∞`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. É’~°∞¤ ÅÖ’ DÜ«∞#‰õΩ ã¨Éèíº`«fiO LOk. JO`Õ D „áê*ˇ‰õΩì#∞ `å=Ú ã¨∞ÅÉèíOQÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎKÕã≤#@∞¡ =¸_Õà◊√¡ K≥·~üѨ~°û<£ HÍHõ [OÃ+_£Ñ¨Ó~üÖ’x *ËqÜ«∞~ü ÖË|~ü iÃã~üÛ N=`«û<£ `≥eáê~°∞. D „áê*ˇ‰õΩìÃÑ· "åi^ŒÌ~°∂ Ǩϟ^•Ö’ LOÏ~°∞. W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò QÆ=~°fl~°¡ É’~°∞¤‰õΩ Kè≥·~°‡<£QÍ L<åfl~°∞. ~ÀA‰õΩ =¸_»∞ QÆO@Åáê@∞ „â◊q∞OKå~°∞. nxH˜ DÜ« ∞ #`Àáê@∞ SS© Y~°Q∑ѨÓ~ü QÆ=~°fl~°¡ É’~°∞¤Ö’ ‰õÄ_® ã¨O|OkèOz# ™êOˆHuHõѨ~°"≥∞ÿ# JOâßÅ#∞ náê nH˜Δ`ü, QÆ∞s˚`ü =Ú`«∞Î~å=∞<£ ã¨Éèí∞º_»∞. D ã¨O=`«û~°O ã‘SS N=`« û <£ K« ∂ 㨠∞ HÀQÍ, PǨ  ~° O , W`« ~ ° „ `å ã≤OQ∑ ɡǨÖòÅ∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞QÍ xÜ«∞q∞`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. JOâßÅÃÑ· =ã¨∞O^èŒ~° ѨxKÕã≤Ok. P~°∞ <≥ÅÅ "≥·ãπ „ÃÑã≤_≥OòÅ∞QÍ QÀ„^Õ*ò „QÆ∂Ñπ Kè≥·~°‡<£ Pk HõO>Ë `«‰õΩ¯= HÍÅOÖ’<Õ „áê*ˇ‰õΩì#∞ ѨÓiÎKÕã≤# "å<£-W„á¶ê J^茺‰õΔΩ_çQÍ *ÏHõÉò QÀ„^Õ * ò , W<ÀÊù ã ≤ ã π >ˇ H ÍflÅrãπ =ÚYº D z<åfl~°∞e^ŒÌ~°∂ =KÕÛ U_®k [iˆQ áÈ©Ö’ =∂^äŒ∂º HÍ~°ºx~°fiǨÏ} JkèHÍi '„H˜ãπ— QÀáêÅHõ$+¨‚<£Å∞ ‰õ Ä _® á⁄ÖÁæ < åÅx Éè Ï q㨠∞ Î < åfl~° ∞ . Ѩ^ŒgÉÏ^茺`«Å∞ KÕѨ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. D W~°∞=ÙiÖ’ HÍeá¶ÈiflÜ«∂Ö’x ã≤M’~ÚÜ«∂ q∞_çÖò ã¨∂¯Öò "å~åÎ Ñ ¨ „ uHõ Š㨠O áê^Œ ‰ õ Ω Å∞, „ѨK«∞~°}Hõ~°ÎÅ „ѨѨOK« ã¨Oã¨÷ "å<£-W„á¶ê Pk QÀ„^Õ*ò ã‘xÜ«∞~ü HÍ=_»O =Å¡ =KÕÛ U_®k |$O^Œ O D áÈ© Ö ’ „Ѩ ^ ä Œ = ∞ |Ǩ ï =∞u J^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω _ç Q Í =∞ÅÜ« ∂ à◊ =∞<À~° = ∞ Ѩ „ uHõ KèåO|~ü‰õΩ PÜ«∞# K≥·~°‡<£ J=Ù`å~°∞. 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩOk. 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 Zy˚‰õĺ˜"£ Z_ç@~ü *ÏHõÉò =∂^äŒ∂º UHõ„w=OQÍ 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 "å~°ÎÖ’¡ =º‰õΩÎÅ∞ 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 HÍ~À¡ãπ ã≤¡"£∞ „ѨѨOK« ‰õΩÉË~°∞_»∞ ZxflHõ Ü « ∂ º~° ∞ . D Ѩ ^ Œ q H˜ ZxflÔ H · # `˘e 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 98765432121098765432109876543210987654321 74 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ qÅ∞"≥# ã¨OѨ^`À · Œ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú_»∞, Ô~O_À Pã≤Ü«∂"åã≤ PÜ«∞<Õ „ѨѨOK«OÖ’<Õ J`«ºO`« ã¨OѨ#∞fl_çQÍ "≥∞H˜ûHÀ‰õΩ HÍ=_»O qâı+¨O. S~å¡O_£Ö’x _»a¡<£Ö’ [iy# _è®HÍ Ô~·ÖËfi ã¨ÅǨ^•~°∞QÍ K≥ O k# HÍ~À¡ ã π ã≤ ¡ " £ ∞ =∞~À™êi „Ѩ Ñ ¨ O K« "å<£-W„á¶ê "åi¬Hõ ã¨~°fiã¨Éèíº ã¨=∂"Õâ◊OÖ’ D K«O„k=∂~åÜü∞ ‰õΩÉË~°∞_çQÍ J„QÆ™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞. qMϺ`« ZxflHõ [iyOk. „Ѩã¨∞Î`« J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ QÆq<£ ÔH."À. |OQÍ¡ ^ Õ â ò Ö ’x _è ® HÍÖ’ Ô ~ · Ö Ë fi J"≥∞iHõ<£ "Õ∞QÆ*<£ á¶È~°∞ƒû „ѨÑOK«OÖ’x J`«ºO`« ·ˇ ¨ Ô~·b¡ ™ê÷#OÖ’ PÜ«∞# AÖˇ· 1 #∞Oz ÉÏ^茺`«Å∞ ã¨ÅǨ^•~°∞QÍ ^ŒH˜Δ} =∞^茺 Ô~·ÖËfi „Ѩ^è•# áœ~° ã¨OѨ#∞flÅ "åi¬Hõ *Ïa`å#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã≤Ok. ã‘fiHõi™êÎ~°∞. ã‘fi_»<£‰õΩ K≥Ok# Ï=∞ãπ „|∞<≥QÍ~ü¤ ã¨O|O^è•Å JkèHÍi (ã‘Ñ‘P~Àfi) K«O„k=∂~åÜü∞ Z<åflÔ~· L‰õΩ¯ kQÆæ[O ÅH©Δ ‡q∞@ìÖò á¶È~°∞ƒû (™êì O ÃÑ<£ „QÆ ∂ Ñπ ã‘ D "À) Láê^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω _ç Q Í ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~°∞. _è®HÍÖ’x ÉèÏ~°`« ~åÜ«∞ÉÏ~° *Ïa`åÖ’ P~À™ê÷#OÖ’#∂, iÅÜ«∞<£û Jkè<Õ`« ZxflHõÜ«∂º~°∞. „ѨѨOK« "å~åÎѨ„uHõÅ ã¨OѶ¨∞O HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞OÖ’ q^èŒ∞Å∞ x~°fiiΙêÎ~°∞. 2009 =ÚMË + π JOÉÏh Ѩ ^ À™ê÷ # OÖ’#∂ KÀ@∞ ("å<£ ) 1948Ö’ U~åÊ>ˇ ÿ O k. 1962Ö’ U„Ñ≤Öò #∞Oz P"≥∞ ^ŒH} =∞^躌 ~Öfi ã‘ÑP~ÀfiQÍ Δ˜ Ô· Ë ‘ ã¨OáêkOKå~°∞. 56 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ ã¨OѨ^Œ`À 6 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
  • 7. "≥∞ÿ„HÀ™êѶπì =º=™ê÷Ѩ‰õΩ_»∞ aÖò ˆQòû kfifÜ«∞ „ѨѨOK« JO^ŒQÆ`≥ÎQÍ *ˇxflѶ¨~ü =ºuˆ ~ Hõ O QÍ áÈ~å_» @ O`À Jaè = $kú H ˜ ™ê÷#OÖ’#∂ 50 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ ã¨OѨ^Œ`À „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_»OÖ’ áœ~° ã¨=∂[O áê„`«ÃÑ· W<≥fiãπ"∞Oò =∂O„u‰õΩ_»∞ "åÔ~<£ |ÃÑò `«$fÜ«∞ ì ≥ ¶ áêÑπ QÍÜ«∞x, #˜ *ˇxflѶ¨~ü Ö’ÃÑ*ò „Ѩã¨OyOKå~°∞. =#~°∞Å∞ Ѩiq∞`«OQÍ L#fl ™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞. „ѨѨOK« ‰õΩÉË~°∞Ö’¡ J"≥∞iHÍ „ѨѨOK«OÖ’<Õ J`«ºO`« „Ѩã¨∞Î`« `«~°∞}OÖ’ q∞eÜ«∞xÜ«∞O Jaè=$kú J`«ºkèHõOQÍ 33 âß`«O "åÏ#∞ Hõey LOk. JO^Œ"≥∞ÿ# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊QÍ ÅHΔͺŠ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ D-ã¨sfiÃããπ =O˜ H˘`«Î „á¶ê<£û‰õΩ K≥Ok# Å∂~Úãπ =Ùº@ì<£ "≥∞~Úò ZOÑ≤ Ô H · O k. Ñ‘ Ñ ¨ Ù Öò ™êOˆHuHõ Ѩi*Ï˝<åxfl LѨÜ≥∂yOK«∞HÀ"åÅx ÃÇÏ<≥flã‘û ã¨Oã¨÷ Jkè<Õ`« ɡ~åfl~ü¤ J~åflÖò¤ 41 Ѩ „ uHõ P"≥ ∞ ‰õ Ω D `≥eáê~°∞. aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡ ã¨OѨ^`À Ü«¸~°ÑÖ’ J„QÆ™ê÷#O Œ π H˜sÏxfl Hõ@ìɡ ˜ìOk. ɡܫ∂<£û <ÀÖòû, J<≥fl ã¨∂Ѩ~ü 30 P#O^£ÃÑ· á¶ÈHõãπ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ ™êkèOKå_»∞. á¶È~°∞ƒû *Ïa`åÖ’ PÜ«∞# <åÅ∞QÀ ™ê÷#O á⁄O^•~°∞. 39.5 aeÜ«∞<£ _®Å~°¡`À Ǩ^ä£"Õ =O˜ Ü«Ú= Hõ^äŒ#O X~åH˜Öò‰õΩ K≥Ok# ÖÏs We¡ã¨<£ S^À ™ê÷#OÖ’ JO^ŒQÆ`≥ÎÅ#∞ `Àã≤~å[x P"≥∞ D ™ê÷<åxfl 'ã¨∂Ѩ~ü 30—`À ã¨OK«Å<åÅ∞ ã¨$+≤ìã¨∞Î#fl xeKå~°∞. ã¨OѨ#∞flÅ *Ïa`åÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü #∞O_ç ÔH·=ã¨O KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O qâı+¨O. P#O^£ ‰õΩ=∂~ü ¿Ñ~°∞ „Ѩu+¨Å∞ „ѨÑOK« "åºÑ¨OQÍ ª ¨ Î q„áÈ Jkè<Õ`« JrO„¿ÑOr 36= ™ê÷#OÖ’ XÉÏ=∂ ã¨~å¯~°∞Ö’ W^ŒÌ~°∞ =∂~À‡QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. xeKå~°∞. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ Ñ¨^Œ=ÙÅ∞ „Ѩ=ÚY WÏeÜ«∞<£ „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ KÀ„áê =∂ºQÆ r <£ 'á¶ È Hõ ã π — J"≥∞iHÍ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ |~åH± XÉÏ=∂ `«# `å*Ï ã¨OzHõÖ’ „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ KÀ„áê #@#`À<Õ HÍ^Œ∞ W^ŒÌ~°∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ J"≥∞iHõ<£ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ H©ÅHõ P#O^£‰õΩ=∂~ü ¿ã=`À#∂ Jaè=∂#∞Å#∞ "≥∞Ñ≤Ê™ÈÎOk. JO^Œ"Õ∞ Ѩ^Œ=ÙʼnõΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕâß~°∞. +≤HÍQÀ‰õΩ K≥Ok# QÆ ∞ iOz „Ѩ ` Õ º Hõ HÍ^Œ ∞ JO^Œ s fl PHõ @ ∞ì H ˘<Õ =∞#㨠∞ O^Œ x náê QÆ∞áêÎ#∞ Hõà◊ÅÃÑ· U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤# *ÏfÜ«∞ Hõ ^ ä Œ < åxfl „Ѩ K « ∞ iO x~°∂Ñ≤OK«∞H˘#fl „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ ˆHO„^Œ Ѩ~åº@Hõ =∞O_»e ã¨Éèí∞º~åeQÍ, xëê ^ÕâßÜü∞ aâßfiÖò#∞ zOk. qÅHõΔ} „ѨuÉèÏ=O`«∞Å#∞ fiÛk^Œ∞Ì`«∞#fl âßY‰õΩ „ѨKå~° Hõ~°ÎQÍ ZOÑ≤ÔH·Ok. Jg∞~ü MÏ<£ K≥·<åÃÑ· U~åÊ>ˇÿ# ~å*ϺOQÆ HÍ~°ºx~åfiǨÏHõ J™ê^è•~°} =ºH˜ÎQÍ J`«xx H˘xÜ«∂_çOk. ™ê÷ # OÖ’ 'Jukä Hõq∞+¨<£ ã¨É∞íè º~åeQÍ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã#@∞¡ âıfi`«™œ^èO ≤ Œ P#O^£ ‰ õ Ω =∂~ü 2002 #∞Oz „Ѩ u UÏ ^Õ"À Éèí=— JO@∂ F „ѨHõ@#Ö’ `≥eÑ≤Ok. gi`À áê@∞ =∞~À „ѨuÉèÏ=O`«∞Öˇ# 30 =∞Ok x~°∞¿Ñ^Œ q^•º~°∞ʼnõΩ · ÷ Ѩ~åº@‰õΩʼnõΩ U_»∞QÆ∞ifl ѨÅ∞ H©ÅHõ Ѩ^=ÙʼnõΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã#@∞¡ Œ ≤ Lz`« Éè’[#O, =ã¨u HõeÊOz J`«∞º`«=∞ tHõ}`À Î Δ PǨ  fi#O Ѩ Å Hõ q=iOzOk. H˘`«Î ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ `«=∞ ÉÏ^茺`«Å∞ "åix SS© ~åºOHõ~°∞¡QÍ f~°∞Ûk^Œ∞Ì`«∞<åfl~°∞. _®xH˜ ã≤^=∞~ÚOk. úŒ ã¨=∞~°÷OQÍ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™êÎ~°#fl #=∞‡HõO `«#‰õΩO^Œx P#O^£ qt+¨ì q[Ü«∂ÅÃÑ· '>ˇÿ"£∞û—, '#∂ºãπgH±—, WO`« ‰ õ Ω =ÚO^Œ ∞ XÉÏ=∂ F „ѨHõ@#Ö’ `≥eáê~°∞. '=∂º^ä£û _≥·*ˇãπì— =∂ºQÆr#∞¡ ‰õÄ_® Wk=~°Ö’<Õ Ñ¨ ~ åº=~° } âßY, K«g ~°*Ï=`ü „Ѩ`ÕºHõ Hõ^äŒ<åÅ∞ „ѨK«∞iOKå~Ú. Ü« Ú xÃãѶ π =O˜ K«g ~°*Ï=`ü, ÉèÏ~°`‰Ωõ K≥Ok# F „QÍ=∞ ü "å˜H˜ „ѨKå~°Hõ~°ÎQÍ _èçb¡ "Õ∞Ü«∞~üQÍ ~°rfl Jcƒ ã¨~Ê° Oz JO@∂ S~å㨠P^èfi~°ºOÖ’ [iy# 11= Œ ^Õâ◊ ~å[^è•x #QÆ~åxH˜ "ÕÜ«∞~üQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã≤# J#∞Éèí=O L#fl „Ñ≤Ü«∂OHõ H˘`«Î W<ÀÊù á È=sì „Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ O K« 㨠^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û K≥ · ~ ü Ñ ¨ ~ ° û <£ ÉÏ^è Œ º `« Å #∞ x~° fi Ǩ Ï }‰õ Ω L`åûǨ Ï OQÍ „ѨHõ ˜OK«QÍ<Õ qq^èŒ ^ÕâßÅ ~åÜ«∞ÉÏ~°∞Å∞, ÉèÏ[áê‰õΩ K≥Ok# =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ H“xûÅ~ü ~°rfl Jcƒ ã¨#fl^Œú=∞=Ù`ÀOk. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ, z<åfl~°∞ʼnõΩ =∞O„`«∞Å∞, J=Ù<å x[OQÍ<Õ<å JO@∂ Hõfiâ◊Û<£ ZxflHõÜ«∂º~°∞. =ÚxûѨÖò HÍ~˘Êˆ~+¨<£ PѶπ _èçb¡ =∞^Œú`«∞xKÕÛ Ñ¨Å∞ ¿ã"å HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Ö’¡ áêÖÁæx =∂~°∞¯ ¿Ñã∞Öˇ>âß~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë P"≥∞ JO^ŒO, ¶ ¨ ìË (ZOã‘_ô)Ö’ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# ZxflHõÖ’¡ HÍO„ÔQãπ "åiH˜ KÕÜ«¸`«xzÛ# <ÕѨ^䌺O P"≥∞ ™⁄O`«O. =„ã¨Î ^è•~°} K«∂ã≤ ~°*Ï=`ü S© „á⁄ÃÑ+#Öò ÖË^• ¶ ¨ JÉèíºi÷ ã¨q`åâ◊~°‡ÃÑ· 88 F@¡ "≥∞*Ïi©`À Jcƒ „a@<£Ö’ Pã≤Ü«∂ ^èŒ#=O`«∞Ö’¡ Z=~À "≥∂_»Öò Jx "å~°∞ J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ÔQÅ∞á⁄O^•~°∞. ZOã‘_ôÖ’ K«i„`«Ö’ Ô~O_À q∞@ìÖò J„QÆ™ê÷#O K«g ~°*Ï=`ü ~å[™ê÷<Ö’x =∂~°∞=¸Å £ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ "Õ∞Ü«∞~üQÍ Jcƒ iHÍ~°∞¤Å‰õΩ ZHͯ~°∞. ™È_® „QÍ=∞ ã¨~°ÊOz =∂~°∞`«∞#fl „QÍg∞} 2007Ö’ PiÎ "≥ ∞ „Ǩ  ‰õ Ω `˘e J=HÍâ◊ O „a@<£ Ö ’ x=ã≤ ã ¨ ∞ Î # fl Pã≤ Ü « ∂ Åaè O zOk. Jcƒ _è ç b ¡ qâ◊ fi q^•ºÅÜ« ∞ O ^èŒ#=O`«∞Å *Ïa`åÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`« L‰õΩ¯ kQÆæ[O ÉèÏ~°`åxH˜ Jã¨Å∞ ã≤ãÅ∞ „ѨfHõ. 39 Uà◊¡ ~°*Ï=`ü ¨ ZOcU KÕã≤# UÔH·Hõ „QÍ=∞ ã¨~°ÊOz. D Ѩ^ŒqÖ’ (_ôÜ«¸)Ö’ J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞ò „á⁄ÃѶã¨~ü HÍ=@O`À ÅH©Δ ‡x"åãπ q∞@ìÖò J„QÆ™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞. ÖÏÉèÏ¿ÑHõΔ`À D Ѩ^ŒqH˜ áÈ© KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°O@∂ Pã≤Ü«∂ g∞_çÜ«∂ JO_£ =∂Ô~¯˜OQ∑ gH©¡ L#fl J`«ºO`« Ñ≤#fl =Ü«∞ã¨∞¯~åÅ∞ ‰õÄ_®. i+‘ Ѩa¡ˆH+¨<£û q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã≤# D „ã¨ì<£ S- 'Pã≤Ü«∂ "åºb ã¨∂¯Öò, „Ѩuëêì`«‡Hõ ÖË_ô N~åO HÍÖËrÖ’ P"≥∞ JÉèíºi÷`«fiOÃÑ· `˘Å∞`« HÍO„ÔQãπ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ iKü eãπì 2011— *Ïa`åÖ’ q∞@ìÖò 15.5 q^•ºÉèϺã¨O KÕã≤# ~°*Ï=`ü `«# ã¨fi„QÍ=∂xH˜ JÉèíºO`«~°O `≥eáê~°∞. J~Ú`Õ P"≥∞ _ôÜ«¸ aeÜ« ∞ <£ áœO_» ¡ ` À ¿ã= KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ "≥OK«~üûÖ’ ã‘xÜ«∞~ü J#∞=∞u á⁄O^•ˆH áÈ©H˜ ã≤^=∞Ü«∂º~°x ÉèÏ[™ê úŒ J„QÆ™ê÷#OÖ’ xeKå~°∞. 9 "Õ∞<Õ*ò"≥∞Oò ™ê÷<åxfl Ãã·`«O =^Œ∞Å∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. D ZxflHõÖ’¡ ~°rfl JcƒH˜ aeÜ«∞<£ áœO_»¡ ã¨OѨ^Œ`À ã≤ © Öˇ·Ñ¶π#∞ q_çzÃÑ˜ì ™È_®Ö’x =∞˜ì ~À_»¡ÃÑ· 170, ã¨q`å â◊~°‡‰õΩ 82 F@∞¡ ÅaèOKå~Ú. Ç≤ Ï O^Œ ∂ *Ï ™È^Œ ~ ° ∞ Å∞ u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ „Ѩ[Å`À =∞"Õ∞Hõ=∞=Ù`«∂ `«# „QÍ=∞ Zxq∞k F@∞¡ K≥ÅÖ^∞. WѨʘ=~°‰Ω "Õ∞Ü«∞~üQÍ ¡ Ë Œ õ NK« O ^£ , QÀÑ≤ , „Ѩ H Íâò , L[fiÅ Éèíq`«‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù<åk ~åà◊√¡ "Õã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. =∂iÛ =º=ǨÏiOz# Ѩ$kèfi~å*ò ã¨"å<Õ ™ê÷#OÖ’ ~°rfl Jâ’H± `«~åfi`« ™ê÷#OÖ’ 24-25 `ÕnÖ’¡ S~åã¨Ö’ [iy# D ã¨^Œã¨∞û Jaƒ H˘`« Î "Õ ∞ Ü« ∞ ~ü Q Í Ñ¨ ^ Œ g ÉÏ^è Œ º `« Å ∞ L<åfl~°∞. áêº<≥Öò K«~°ÛÖ’ áêÖÁæ#fl ~°*Ï=`ü ^•i„^•ºxH˜ ã‘fiHõi™êÎ~°∞. ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 7
  • 8. 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 JO`« ~ å˚ f Ü« ∞ OQÍ <≥ Å H˘#fl Ѩ i ã≤ ÷ u x =~°Öò¤ "≥·_£ "≥Éò ã¨^Œã¨∞û "å~°ÎÖ’¡ „Ѩ^ÕâßÅ∞ 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 ã¨g∞H˜OKå~°h, JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ Pi÷H,õ q`«,Î "å}˜[º Δ 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 =~°Öò¤ "≥·_£ "≥Éò 20= JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =º=Ǩ~åÅ∞, "å`å=~°} =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, x~°O`«~° ã¨^Œã¨∞û =∂iÛ 28 #∞Oz ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’x JuÃÑ^ŒÌ |∞^Œ∞ú_ç q„QÆǨÏO Jaè=$kú, PǨ~° Éè„í ^Œ`« =O˜ ã¨=∞㨺ÅÃÑ· K«~Û° Å∞ Sã‘ã‘Ö’ [iyOk. U„Ñ≤Öò 1 =~°‰õΩ ™êy# D ^Õâ◊OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ xÅ∞Û#fl |∞^Œ∞ú_ç [iáê=∞x ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. `«=∞`«=∞ ^ÕâßÖ’¡ ã¨^Œã¨∞û#∞ WO@ˆ~fl+¨#Öò W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò PѶπ q„QÆ Ç ¨ Ï O. "å~° } Ïã≤ Ö ’x ™ê~° < å^ä £ ^ä • Üü ∞ Z^Œ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl „Ѩ^è•# Pi÷Hõ, ~å[H©Ü«∞ ã¨"åà◊¡#∞ W#Êùˆ~‡+¨<£ >ˇHÍflÅr (SSS©) ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£, PÅÜ«∞OÖ’ H˘Å∞"≥·Ok. 80 J_»∞QÆ∞Å á⁄_»=Ù#fl Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ ã¨O„ѨkOѨÙefl =Ú=∞‡~°O W<£ã≤ì@∂ºò PѶπ W#Êùˆ~‡+¨<£ >ˇHÍflÅr =ÚOɡ· D q„QÆǨxfl ^ä•Üü∞ ÖÏO_£ =∂r „Ѩ^è•x KÕÜ«∂Åx <Õ`«ÅO`å JOwHÍ~åxH˜ =zÛ#@∞¡ ã¨ÇÏHÍ~°O`À SSS© ɡOQÆà¥~°∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™ÈÎOk. ¨ ◊ ã¨∞~°ÜÚ^£ K«∞<åÖÏò Pq+¨¯iOKå~°∞. ~°∂.2 HÀ@¡ « K≥áêÊ~°∞. ѨtÛ=∞ Pã≤Ü«∂, L`«Î~° P„Ѷ≤HÍ, [áê<£ ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ _ç*ˇ·xOQ∑ ^Œ "≥Éò Ѷ¨~ü Ü«∂<£ Y~°∞Û`À 14 Uà◊¡áê@∞ nx x~å‡}O ™êyOk. Ѩi}Ï=∂Å∞ „ѨѨOK« Pi÷Hõ ѨÙ#~°∞`ÕÎ*ÏxH˜ FÃÑ<£ ™⁄Ãã· © J#fl JOâ◊OÃÑ· "≥Éò ã¨$+≤ìHõ~°Î ˜"£∞ Ju~°„`«O P@OHÍÅ∞QÍ =∂~åÜ«∞x PO^Àà◊# =ºHõÎO ɡ~°fl~üû b H©ÅHÀѨ<åºã¨O KÕÜ«∞#∞<åfl~°∞. WѨʘ =~°‰õÄ Z=iH© ѨiK«Ü«∞O ÖËx KÕâß~°∞. qÖËH~∞Å ã¨=∂"ÕâOÖ’ K≥<å J^躌 ‰õΩ_»∞ õ° ◊ · Δ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å ™êQÆ∞ÃÑ· ã¨^Œã¨∞û ˆH~°à◊Ö’x „uã¨∂~ü lÖÏ¡ ѨO[Öò XHõ¯™êiQÍ Ç¨ïlOÏ"À, ~°ëêº J^躌 ‰õΩΔ _»∞ "≥∞^≥fi^Õ",£ „ɡlÖò #QÆ ~ åÅ∞, Ѩ @ ì } „áêO`« „Ѩ [ Å "å~°ÎÖ’¡H˘zÛOk. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ~°}O 'Ju~°„`«O— J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ _çÖχ ~“ÃãѶπ, ^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å J=ã¨~åÅ∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ L^ÕÌtOz# ¿Ñ~°∞`À [~°∞QÆ#∞#fl „áêp# =∞ǨÜ«∞[˝O. U„Ñ≤Öò *ÏHõÉò A=∂ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. *ÏfÜ«∞ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å q∞+¨<£ÃÑ· _èçb¡Ö’ ˆHO„^ŒO 4# „áê~°OÉèí=∞ÜÕ∞º D =∞ǨǨϟ=∞O 12 JO`«‰õΩ=ÚO^Œ∞ =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ã≤OQ∑ „aH±û Jxfl ~å„ëêìÅ L^•º# âßYÅ∞, "åºáê~° ã¨Oã¨Å`À ÷ ã¨^ã∞¨ û#∞ L^ÕtOz „ѨãOyã¨∂Î „ѨÑOK« =º=ã¨Ö’ Œ Ì ¨ ¨ ÷ ã¨^Œã¨∞û x~°fiÇ≤ÏOzOk. XHÀ¯ ~åROÖ’ D Pi÷Hõ ~ÀAÅáê@∞ ™êQÆ∞`«∞Ok. "Õ^•Ö’¡ L#fl Ãã·<£û#∞ ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’<Õ Hõhã¨O XHÀ¯ #QÆ~O J=ã¨~åÅ∞ ° "≥eH˜f¿ã „ѨÜ∞`«fl"Õ∞ nx „Ѩ^•# L^ÕâO. Ü«∂QÆ « è Ì ◊ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, âßOu ™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ `å=∞O`å KÕ`«∞Å∞ fˆ ~ ÛÖÏ D Ѩ ^ ä Œ H õ O J=∞Å∞ KÕ Ü « ∂ Åx ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ P „áêO`«OÖ’x =∞#∞+¨μÅ∞, K≥@∂ì HõÅ∞ѨÙ`«∞#fl@∞¡ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ã¨Oã¨Ö’¡ ÷ „áê^äŒq∞HõOQÍ x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. Jxfl ~å„ëêìÅ KÕ=∞, Ѩâ◊√ѨHΔͺ^Œ∞Ö’¡ =KÕÛ Éè∫uHõ, =∂#ã≤Hõ =~°=∂# Ѩiã≤`∞Å P^è•~°OQÍ JO^ŒiH© ã¨=∂# Î ÷ « „Ѩux^è∞Œ Å∞ Ѩ=~ü áê~ÚOò „Ѩ[O>Ë+<£ WKåÛ~°∞. ¨ =∂~° ∞ ÊÅ#∞ QÆ ∞ iÎ O KÕ O ^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω JO`« ~ å˚ f Ü« ∞ J=HÍâßÅ∞ ^ŒˆH¯ÖÏ ã¨O㨯~°}Å∞ KÕѨÏìÅx „Ѩ^è•#OQÍ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å kQÆ∞|_ç JkèHõOQÍ â߄㨠Π" Õ ` « Î Å ∞ „Ѩ Ü « ∞ `åflÅ∞ KÕ ã ¨ ∞ Î < åfl~° ∞ . Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ѩ_®¤~°∞. „aH±û ^ÕâßÖ’¡x ~å[H©Ü«∞ L#flѨÙÊ_»∞ xÅfi‰õΩ U~åÊ@∞¡ LO_®Åx H˘xfl HÍeá¶ÈiflÜ«∂ Ü«¸x=iû© âß„ã¨"`Ϋ _®Hõ~ü „ѶHû± Î Õ ì ‘ =º=㨠÷ b fl, Jaè = $kú ™ê÷ Ü « Ú bfl Ѩ ~ ° ã ¨ Ê ~° O ~å¢ëêì Å ∞ HÀ~å~Ú. ~å„ëêì Å „Ѩ u áê^Œ # Å∞ ™êì Ö ò Ѩ i â’^è Œ # |$O^•xH˜ <åÜ« ∞ Hõ ` « fi O Q“~°qOK«∞‰õΩO^•=∞h, „Ѩ[Å ™ê=∂lHõ, Pi÷Hõ Ѩ i jeOz# `« ~ ° " å`« D Ѩ ^ ä Œ H õ O `« ∞ k =Ç≤Ïã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ѨO[ÖòÖ’ D Ü«∂QÆO 35 Uà◊¡ Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ "ÕQÆOQÍ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ ™êkèOK«_®xH˜ =∂~°^~≈° HÍÅ∞ Y~å~°∞ KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∞~À™êi Jxfl æ Œ `«~°∞"å`« [~°QÆ#∞O_»@O qâı+¨O. ˆH~°à◊Ö’x „áê^è•#ºO W"åfiÅx =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. ~å„ëêìÅ`À *ÏfÜ«∞ ™ê÷~Ú ã¨^Œã¨∞û U~åÊ@∞ =¸_»∞ „áêO`åÖ’¡ WѨʘ =~°‰õÄ D Ü«∞*Ï˝xfl KÕÜ«∞#∞#fl@∞¡ *ÏfÜ«∞ L^•º# âßY `«~°Ñ¨Ù# =¸_»∞™ê~°∞¡ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«QÍ „Ѩu™êi z=i~ÀA# „aH±û f~å‡#O : WOKèåi˚ Hõq∞+¨#~ü [QÆ<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ Ǩ[Ô~· ~åR „Ѩ[Å ÉèÏs =~°¬O ‰õΩ~°=_»O qâı+¨O. D Ü«∂QÆOÖ’ L„QÆ"å^ŒOÃÑ· áÈ~å@O, PǨ~° Éè„í ^Œ`‰Ω «õ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å J=ã¨~åÅÃÑ· „Ѩ[O>Ë+¨<£ WKåÛ~°∞. "å_Õ Ç¨ÏŸ=∞„^Œ"åºÅ HÀã¨"Õ∞ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù ~°∂. Ô~O_»∞ Z^Œ ∞ ~° = Ù`« ∞ #fl 㨠" åà◊ √ ¡ , Pi÷ H õ ã¨ Ç ¨ Ï HÍ~° O , `˘Å∞`« ~åR ~å[^è•x ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ J=ã¨~åÅ∞ HÀ@∞¡ Y~°∞Û ÃÑÏì~°∞. =º=™êÜ«∞O, „H©_Å∞ =O˜ ~°OQÍÖ’¡ ã¨Éºíè ^ÕâßÅ » fˆ~ÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ #QÆ~°O K«∞@∞ìѨHõ¯Å „áêO`åÖ’¡ 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 =∞^茺 ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O J=ã¨~°=∞x „aH±û ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ ‰õ Ä ~° Q ÍÜ« ∞ Å ™êQÆ ∞ #∞ ~° ∂ .10 HÀ@¡ ` À ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÅ∞-ã¨Hõq∞+¨âßÅ∞ Hõq∞©Å∞ - =∂"Õ <£Å∞ f~å‡xOKå~°∞. nxÃÑ· F HÍ~åºK«~°} „Ѩ}ÏoHõ#∞ „áÈ`« û Ç≤ Ï OKåÅx x~° ‚ ~ ÚOKå~° ∞ . WO^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 *ÏfÜ« ∞ L^•º# q∞+¨ < £ H˜ O ^Œ x^è Œ ∞ Å∞ 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 8765432121098765432109876543210987654321 ã≤^ŒúO KÕâß~°∞. f~å‡#OÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl JOâße"Õ. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =º=Ǩ~åÖ’¡ ÉèÏ~°`ü, „ɡlÖò, ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞™êÎ~°∞. ™ê<åºÖ’ „aH± ^ÕâßÅ ã¨^Œã¨∞û „Ѩ^è•x "å}˜[º, Ѩi„â◊=∞Å =∞O_»e ^ŒH˜Δ}τѶ≤HÍÅ „áê=ÚMϺxfl QÆ∞iÎã¨∞Î#fl@∞¡ K≥·<å, SHõº~å[ºã¨q∞u =O˜ „ѨÑOK« ã¨Oã¨Ö’¡ ¨ ÷ ~°ëêºÅ∞ ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕâßÜ«∞x f~å‡#O ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. ã¨=∂"Õâ◊O ã¨O㨯~°}Å∞ ~å"åeû# J=ã¨~°O LO^Œx ÉèÏ~°`« S~åã¨Ö’ H©ÅHõáê„`« áÈ+≤OKåÅ#fl P ^ÕâßÅ „Ѩ^è•# =∞O„u - "å}˜[ºO, Ѩi„â◊=∞Å „Ѩ^è•x =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ ã≤OQ∑ ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕâß~°∞. K≥·<åÖ’ Pâ◊Ü«∂Å#∂ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl@∞¡ `≥eáêÜ«∞x =∞O_»e Ô~O_À ã¨=∂"Õâ◊O =∂iÛ 31# _èçb¡Ö’ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl „ɡlÖò -~°ëêº- WO_çÜ«∂ - K≥·<å- [iyOk. D ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ q`«Î ã¨O㨯~°}ÏÅ∞, "≥Å¡_çOzOk. ™œ`å„Ѷ ≤ H ÍÅ („aH± û ) 㨠^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û 㨠O ^Œ ~ ° ƒ ù O QÍ =∞øeHõ 㨠^ Œ ∞ áêÜ« ∂ Å Jaè = $kú à ѷ „Ѩ ^ è • x =∂Ï¡_®~°∞. ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ „aH±û ^ÕâßÅ <Õ`«Å∞ eaÜ« ∂ Ö’ Ãã· x Hõ â◊ H ˜ Î x =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ ã≤OQ∑ ~À_£ =∂ºÑπ#∞ ã¨∂zOKå~°∞. LѨÜ∂yOK«_®xfl f~å‡#O x~°ãOzOk. P^ÕâO ≥ ≤ ◊ Pi÷Hõ =º=㨉Ωõ Z^Œ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl ã¨"åà◊¡ Ѩiëê¯~åxH˜ ÷ q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ S~åã¨, „áêOfÜ«∞ ã¨Oã¨Å∞ H©ÅHõáê„`« ÷ áê~°^~≈° Hõ, Jqhu ~°ÇÏ`« Ѩiã≤`∞« Å∞ HõeÊ™êÎ=∞x Œ ≤ ÷ áÈ+≤OKåÅx Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ѩ_çOk. HÍ~˘Êˆ~ò ~°OQÍxH˜ „Ѩ^è•x Ǩg∞ WKåÛ~°∞. J}∞ ˆHO„^•Å Éèí„^Œ`« q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ ã¨=∂"ÕâßxH˜ "å}˜[º =∞O„u P#O^£ â◊~°‡`À x|O^èŒ#efl Hõ@∞ìk@ìOQÍ J=∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∂Åx áê@∞ „Ѩ^è•x Pi÷Hõ ã¨ÅǨ =∞O_»e K≥·~°‡<£ HÀiOk. „aH±û ^ÕâßÅ WO^èŒ# q^è•#OÖ’ J}∞ ã≤.~°OQÆ~å[<£, ~°`«<£ ÏÏ, Jr"£∞ „¿Ñ"£∞r q^Œ∞º`ü‰Ωõ Éèq+¨º`üÖ’#∂ „áê^è•#ºO HõeÊOKåÅx í `« k `« ~ ° „Ѩ = ÚY áêi„âßq∞Hõ "Õ ` « Î Å ∞ x~°‚~ÚOzOk. Ǩ[~°Ü«∂º~°∞. 8 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤