© Abdulrahman O. Ibraheem & Odetunji A. Odejobi

1. A SYSTEM FOR THE RECOGNITITON OF HANDWRITTEN YORÙBÁ CHARACTERS BY ABDULRAHMAN O. IBRAHEEM AND ODETUNJI A. ODEJOBI AGIS 2011 Ethiopia Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

11. ILLUSTRATION OF THE SYSTEM Output class label roman letter diacritical marks Pre-processing stage Input Yoruba character Segmentation stage Feature extraction stage Decision tree stage Results fusion stage Bayesian classification stage

15. SAMPLES CROPPED SAMPLES CROPPED SAMPLES DIACRITIC REMOVE

17. CHARACTER DATA PROCESSING Cropped character Character after Binarisation Character after Noise removal Character and its bounding

19. A Connected-at-core Yoruba character. An under dot (tail) in the lower region of a Yoruba character. The lower region ( LR ) of a Yoruba character A grave mark in the upper Region of a Yoruba character. (Goes to the decision tree). Yoruba character. The upper region ( UR ) of a Yoruba character . The middle region ( MR )of a Yoruba character character. The roman letter of a Yoruba character.

20. A BROKEN-AT-CORE YORUBA CHARACTER A tail in the LR of a Yoruba character. The largest object in a Yoruba character. The character’s RCLO The character’s LR. ( This LR corresponds to the RBLO) The RBLO of a Yoruba character. ( This RBLO corresponds to the LR) A diacritical mark in the UR of a Yoruba character. A pseudo- diacritic in the RALO character. A breakage in the roman letter of a Yoruba character The RALO of a Yoruba character .( This RALO does not correspond to the UR) The UR of a Yoruba character .

25. CHARACTER DECISION TREE GWT Grave With Tail; AWT Acute With Tail GDT Grave Devoid of Tail; ADT Acute Devoid of Tail; MWT Macron With Tail MDT for macron devoid of tail. Number of Elements up 0 GDT Slope up MDT Slope up 0 Number of elements down 1 Number of elements down GWT ADT MWT +ve -ve 0 1 -ve +ve AWT

30. A DISPLAY OF THE FEATURES AND THEIR FORMULAE FEATURE NO. FEATURE AND EXPLANATION OF FORMULA FORMULA 1 Mean character width. stands for width at row . is the height of the character. 2 Mean character height. . stands for height at column . is the width of the character. 3 Correlation of height with horizontal distance. 4 Second order normalized central moment . is the raster coordinate of the row of character centroid. 5 Second order normalized central moment. is the raster coordinate of the column of character centroid. 6 Haralick’s circularity. is the distance from every point on the character to the centroid of character. is the mean of the s; is their standard deviation. 7 Third order normalized moment 8 Third order normalized moment