Farming systems analysis: Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia
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Presented by Jeroen Groot (Wageningen University) at the Africa RISING ESA Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 9-11 September 2014
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Farming systems analysis: Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia
- 1. Farming systems analysis Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia Jeroen Groot Wageningen University Africa RISING ESA Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 9-11 September 2014
- 2. Systems analysis Boundary Interrelationships Components (or sub-systems) Output(s) Input(s) Structure Relationships Processes Functions
- 3. Diversity System X System Y Structure Relationships Processes Functions
- 4. Nested Structure Relationships Processes Functions
- 5. Animal product Animal Crop product Manure Fertilizer Feed intake Bedding and feed losses Green manures Crop nutrient uptake Faeces and urine production Manure application Fertilizer application Imported crop products Exported crop products Exported animal products Exported manure and losses Imported fertilizers Soil Crop Atmospheric inputs Soil losses and accumulation
- 6. Methodology Rapid characteriz. Detailed description Exploration innovations Typology Systems (re)design Diagnosis Innovations Tradeoff analysis
- 7. Locations in ESA Tanzania • Babati, Kongwa & Kiteto • 240 farms; detailed: 15 farms Malawi • Dedza, Ntcheu • 80 farms; detailed: 12 farms Zambia • Chipata, Katete, Lundazi • 800 farms (SIMLEZA baseline survey); detailed: 15 farms
- 9. Typology Zambia – farm size
- 10. Type 1 (LRE) Type 5 (HRE)
- 11. Farmer motivations and objectives
- 12. Exploration: what-if options Innovations Crop areas Residue use Animal feeding Animal numbers … Consequences Profit Labor Soil org. matter Nutrient losses
- 13. Needed knowledge and data Farmer objectives, constraints Input-output relations of current and innovative (EP’s) agricultural activities, e.g.: • Input levels (cv’s, fertilizers, tillage, etc.), efficiencies • Productivity and composition, use of products • Post-harvest losses and processes • Labor requirements and availability • Costs and prices • Etc.
- 14. Exploration: many what-if options
- 15. Gender
- 16. Human nutrition Crop Animal n n n 1 Crop product Animal product Nutrient content Nutrient Person 1 Nutrient requirem. 1 1 1 n n
- 17. Visualization
- 20. Sustainable development indicators Environmental Vegetation cover Water Human Health, nutrition Self-determination Happiness Economic Income Capital Social Connectedness Equity
- 21. 2 new IITA-WUR PhD students ESA – Isaac Jambo, advisors: Pablo Tittonell, Mateete Bekunda, Jeroen Groot, Katrien Descheemaeker Participatory integration and model-based exploration, building on existing and new data from surveys, experiments, group discussions, etc. WA – Frederick Ogoro, advisors: Ken Giller, Asamoah Larbi, Katrien Descheemaeker, Jeroen Groot
- 22. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation africa-rising.net Thank you for your attention jeroen.groot@wur.nl
- 24. System Boundary Interrelationships Input(s) Output(s) Components (or sub-systems)
- 26. System
- 27. Source: www.thenaturalstep.org Sustainable development
- 28. Sustainable development steps Source: www.thenaturalstep.org Towards vision Flexible Return on investment Vision
Notes de l'éditeur
- Integration of and within systems, and disciplinary
- Nested systems Field – farm – landscape
- Nested systems Field – farm – landscape
- Sequences of steps Fencing before residue management in the field Feeding and higher production current livestock before increasing animal numbers Return on investment Short term: water harvesting, vegetables, niche crops, animal products, processing of crop and animal products Long term: soil fertility build-up Use short-term returns to finance investment for longer term improvements
- Sequences of steps Fencing before residue management in the field Feeding and higher production current livestock before increasing animal numbers Return on investment Short term: water harvesting, vegetables, niche crops, animal products, processing of crop and animal products Long term: soil fertility build-up Use short-term returns to finance investment for longer term improvements
- Economic • Income ($/year) • Financial capital ($) Social • Connectedness in social networks and to institutions • Equity among social groups (gender, age, race, tribe, etc.) [1] Environmental • Standing biomass (Mg/ha) and soil cover (% days) [2] • Water quantity (m3/person or m3/ha) and quality Human • Health status (no disease, disability, psychological problems) • Nutrition adequacy (food sufficiency; balanced / diverse diet) • Self-determination (autonomy, competence, connectedness) • Happiness For each indicator two properties are of importance: average performance level and stability. [1] Equity can be measured as the distribution of economic and human indicators within a household, community or society. This can be readily visualized for instance with Lorentz curves. [2] Vegetation cover and biomass are proxies for erosion reduction (C factor in RUSLE equation), soil organic matter buildup and nutrient cycling, and have a strong influence on hydrological cycles.
- Sequences of steps Fencing before residue management in the field Feeding and higher production current livestock before increasing animal numbers Return on investment Short term: water harvesting, vegetables, niche crops, animal products, processing of crop and animal products Long term: soil fertility build-up Use short-term returns to finance investment for longer term improvements
- Sequences of steps Fencing before residue management in the field Feeding and higher production current livestock before increasing animal numbers Return on investment Short term: water harvesting, vegetables, niche crops, animal products, processing of crop and animal products Long term: soil fertility build-up Use short-term returns to finance investment for longer term improvements
- Sequences of steps Fencing before residue management in the field Feeding and higher production current livestock before increasing animal numbers Return on investment Short term: water harvesting, vegetables, niche crops, animal products, processing of crop and animal products Long term: soil fertility build-up Use short-term returns to finance investment for longer term improvements