39. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world. 29,000,000 Morocco 10. 66,000,000 Turkey 5. 31,000,000 Algeria 9. 114,000,000 Bangladesh 4. 53,000,000 Nigeria 8. 121,000,000 India 3. 59,000,000 Egypt 7. 134,000,000 Pakistan 2. 62,000,000 Iran 6. 183,000,000 Indonesia 1.