Combining land restoration and livelihoods - examples from Niger
Session 3.5 public private partnerships on tree domestication
1. Daniel A. Ofori
Asaah, E., Peprah, T., Tsobeng, A., Tchoundjeu, Z., Munjuga,
M., Rutatina, F., Anjarwalla, P., Mowo, J.G., Jamnadass, R.
WORLD CONGRESS ON AGROFORESTRY 2014, 10-14 FEBRUARY 2014, DELHI, INDIA
Public-Private partnerships on tree domestication
for sustainable agroforestry and business
innovations: Allanblackia species as a case study
Contact: Daniel Ofori: d.ofori@cgiar.org
World Agroforestry Centre, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Box 30677-00100, Nairobi,
Kenya
4. Importance of Allanblackia
• Fatty acids consists mostly of oleic and stearic
acids (40-51% and 45-58%, respectively)
• Oil used locally for cooking, soap and
ointments
• Industrial scale in food products
• Fruit for whisky, jam, juice
• Wood for timber
• The bark extracts for medicine (coughs,
dysentery, diarrhea, toothache, aphrodisiac
and pain reliever).
5. Demand and supply levels
• Oil – EU Certification
• Oil demand >100,000 tons/yr
• Supply = 210 tons/yr
Country Wild seed collection
(tons)
Oil from wild seed
collection (tons)
Tanzania 450 150
Ghana 110 40
Nigeria 60 20
6. Production/ income potential
1 tree 120 fruits
120 fruits 40 kg dry seeds
1kg dry seeds $0.40
1 tree/40kg seeds $16.00
40 kg dry seeds 12 kg oil
100,000 tons 8,333,333 trees
Farmer income $133,333,333.33
7. The main challenges in production:
• Wild harvesting cannot sustain supply to industry
• Both the tree and its habitat are under threat
• Very limited knowledge on Allanblackia cultivation
• Lack of quality planting stocks
• Propagation from seed; seed dormancy, dioecious
• Long gestation period
• Limited investment potential at small holder level
8. Challenges in research and development
• Lack of funding for research and product development
• Inadequate support from public and private sector in
adoption and commercialization of research findings
• Poor information flow from the research institutions to
the end-users, thereby affecting negatively adoption of
research findings and innovations
• Scientists do not have skills required for business
development
9. Public-private partnerships ( PPPs)
• Established in 2002
• Multi-country PPP, multi institutions
• Its main aim is to domesticate Allanblackia
species in Africa through engagement of
boundary partners
10. Main components of AB domestication
• Sensitization and encouragement of farmers to
participate in AB domestication
• Range-wide germplasm
collection, characterization, selection of superior
germplasm, development of propagation methods and
gene conservation
• Ecology, abundance and sustainable harvesting
• Integration of AB in farming systems and agroforestry
development
• Facilitate development of marketing networks and
supply chain
11. Current members of the partnership
• Unilever: Funding, product development & marketing
• ICRAF: Domestication -
selection, propagation, germplasm distribution &
conservation & agroforestry development
• Novel International: Supply
chain, marketing, multiplication and distribution
• NARS, Universities, ANR etc.: support R&D
• IUCN: sustainable harvesting & biodiversity conservation
• Farmers: Smallholder agroforestry systems
• FORM: Pilot plantation - Ghana
• RSSDA: Pilot plantation - Nigeria
• UEBT: Certification of organic and fair trade standards
13. Tree-to-treevariationin stearicand oleic
acidcontent- Allanblackiafloribunda
Allanblackia floribunda identified ‘‘plus trees’’ for fruit/seed production using the
independent culling method on trees surveyed in four wild stands in Cameroon.
14. Diversity in fruit size – 58 trees selected
AFS 1
AFS 3
AK 1
AK 2
ASN 11
ASN 12
ATB 1
AWA 2
AY 1
B 1
B 10
B 11
B 13
B 17
B 19
B 20
B 21
B 22
B 23
B 24
B 4
B 6B 9
BM K 13
BS 1
D 6
DB 12
DB 2
DB 4
DB 9
DM 1
DM 2
DM 4
GB 10
GB 11
GB 12
GB 34
K 2
K 5
KW 1
KW 2
LAHO 5
LAHO 1
LAHO 2
LAHO 3LAHO 4
M A 1
M A 4
M H1
M H2
M H3
M H4
M H5
M N 1
M N 3
M N 4
N 2
NB 1
NB 1
NB 3
NEN 11
NEN 14
NEN 16
NEN 18
NEN 19
NEN 20
NEN 21
NEN 22
NEN 23
NEN 24
NEN 25
NEN 26
NEN 27
NEN 28
NEN 29
NEN 30
NEN 4
NEN 6
NEN 9
NK 2
NK 6
NK 7
NK 9
NZA 1
NZA 11
NZA 12
NZA 2NZA 24
NZA 26
NZA 3
NZA 31
NZA 40
OT 1
OT 3
OT 5
OT 7
SA 1
SA 2
SA 48
TIA 1
TIA 13
TIA 14
TIA 17
TIA 2
TIA 3
TIA 4
TIA 6
TIA 7
TIA 9
WA 2
WA 4
WA 6
WAM K 1
WAM K 14
WAM K 15
WAM K 2
WAM K 3
WAM K 4
WAM K 5
WAM K 6
WAM K 7
WAM K 8
WAM K 9
WH1
WR 11
Axis 1
Axis2
16. Smallholder farmers
Country Farmers planting AB Seedlings
planted
Tanzania >500 >100,000
Ghana >200 >34,000
Cameroon >100 >3,500
Nigeria Farmer registration
in progress
200,000
17. Benefits of PPP
• Brings together stakeholders with different
interests and organisational capacities
• Shares resources for increasing cost-efficiency
• Avoids duplications
• Accelerates technology transfer, foster
application by the private sector & increase
private sector investments
• Enhances adoption and impacts of research/
innovation
18. Achievements
• Provision of quality germplasm
• Development of supply chain
• Market development
• Product development - 2014
19. Constraints
• Different modes of operation by different
organizations
• Financing not stable
• Trust and release of information
20. Lessons learned
• PPP improves linkages between research, actors in
the value chain and end-users
• Development of programs in close collaboration
with strategic partners/ the private sector is
beneficial
• Promotion of a new species needs strong
engagement with markets
• Need for government policy support
Results showed that there is highly significant (P < 0.0001) between- and within-tree variation characterised fruits and seed characters. Between-site phenotypic variation was not significant.Stearic and oleic acid percentages in seed fat ranged from 44.16% to 66.12%, and from 24.95% to 48.42% per tree sample, respectively. Moderate repeatabilities were identified in fruit characters and mean seed mass. Moderate positive relationships were found between stearic and oleic acid percentages. Seed fat profiles were not found to vary with other fruit characters.