18. Old Middle New Government Achievements Decline Pharaohs organized centralized state Built enormous tombs, the pyramids Power struggles, crop failures and cost of pyramids caused collapse Corrupt government suffered frequent rebellions Land drained for farming Hittites invaded and conquered Pharaohs created a large empire Traded with lands along eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea Nubians, then others invaded
19. Egyptian Civilization Learning Religion Society Arts & Literature Hieroglyphics Calendar Geometry Engineering Medicine Polytheism mummify dead Women had higher status fluid class system in New Kingdom Painting Sculpture Folk tales