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FOOD SAFETY IN MALAYSIA
       - an overview




    Dr. Abdul Rahim bin Mohamad
    Food Safety and Quality Division
    Department Of Public Health
    Ministry Of Health Malaysia
Malaysia’s Food Safety System

“The Malaysia food safety system is
characterized by its complexity and
diversity; with different authority
entrusted with the task of ensuring food
safety at different stages of the food
chain”
FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN
                          Supply of A gricult ural Input s
               e .g Fertilizer s, pest icid es,animal f eeding st uff s,       MOH /MOA
                                  vet erinary dr ugs


                               Primar Production
                                         y
Upstream             e.g. f armer s, f ishe rman, f ish f armer s
                                                                                  MOA



                             Primar Food Processing
                                   y                                       MO H/ MO A/JAKI M
                  e .g on f arm, dairi e abbat oir s, gr ain mi ll s
                                        s,                                  Loc al Governme nt


                          Sec ondary Food Processing                          MO H/JAKI M
                    e.g. canning, free zing, dr ying, brewing               Loc al Governme nt


M idstream                    Food D istribution                           MO H/ MITI /M OD T/
                 e.g. nati onal/int er ional, im port /expor t
                                      nat                                  Cus toms/Local Govt.


                       Food Retail ing/ Food C atering
                                                                           MOH /MO DT/JAKI M
Downstream   e.g. r estaur ants, s treet foods, hospit als, s chool s
                                                                            Loc al Governme nt
                              su perm arket s, shops

                                                                                   MOH /
                              Domest ic Food                                Loc al Governme nt
                               Production
Food Import

•   The importation of food from foreign
    countries is overseen by the
    –   Ministry of Health( Food Inspectors at entry
        points)
    –   Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) for
        meat
    –   Fishery Department for life fish and fish
Food Export
•   Certification (Health Cert., Free Sale etc) for exported
    food including fish & fish products are issued by
    Ministry of Health( Food Safety & Quality) based on
    requirements by importing countries or by the exporters
    for the purpose of getting letter of credit (LC).

•   Certification for live fish is by Fishery Department; meat
    by DVS and plants/vegetables by DOA respectively.

•   In 2002, Malaysia food export amounted to about RM7.4
    billion. (Euro 1.5billion)
Overview of the Food Safety Program in MOH

  >200,000 food           RM16.8 billion (local)                 35% income
  premises                RM12 billion (import)                  used for food


                     Food Safety and Quality Control


Legislation              Human Resource                     Laboratory
•Food Act 1983           •Public Health Specialist          •10 FQCL
•Food Regulations 1985   •Food Technologist                 •4 PHL
•New Regulations         •Nutritionist                      •Other agencies
                         •Asst. Food Technologist
                         •Asst. Env. Health Officer


                     Policy & Planning
                     •Food Safety & Quality Division(MOH)
                     Implementation and Supervision
                     •14 states, 136 district, 34 entry points
LEGAL MANDATE

• Food Act 1983
  • gazetted on 10 March 1983
• Food Regulations 1985
  • gazetted on 26 September 1985
• Enforced together on
  • 1st October 1985
FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL
      (1) GENERAL OBJECTIVE


 To Protect The Public Against Food
 Related Hazards & Fraud As Well As
    To Motivate And Promote The
 Preparation, Handling, Distribution,
 Sale And Consumption Of Safe And
            Quality Food.
FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL
                  (1) STRATEGIES

• Establish, Review, & Update Food Legislation To
  Ensure Safe Food Supply Domestically And
  Internationally.
• Continuous Strengthening of Food Safety
  Infrastructures Including Food Inspection
  Capabalities, Sampling And Laboratory Facilities
  & IT To Ensure Food Safety.
FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL
               (2) STRATEGIES


• Enhance Effective Collaboration With Relevant
  Government Agencies, Food Industry, Consumer
  Groups, Professional Bodies, Academia And
  International Organisations.
• Develop Adequate & Skilled Human Resources
  To Ensure Effective Implementation Of The
  Programme.
FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL
             (3) STRATEGIES

• To Increase Consumer’s Knowledge &
  Awareness Through Continuous
  Consumer Education
ACTIVITIES:
        LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT

• Legislative Support, Codes of Practice and
Guidelines
  • Continuous development and updating of
  food legislation
  • Vetting of new food products to ensure
  regulatory compliance
  • Technical advisory services on Food
  Regulations 1985.
  • Development of guidelines & codes of
  practice
ISSUES:
        LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT

• Legislative Support, Codes of Practice and
Guidelines
  • Continuous development and updating of
  food legislation
  • Vetting of new food products to ensure
  regulatory compliance
  • Technical advisory services on Food
  Regulations 1985.
  • Development of guidelines & codes of
  practice
ACTIVITIES:
                ENFORCEMENT
• Plan and monitor the implementation of
enforcement activities;
    • Domestic food
    • Imported food
    • Food crisis
    • Food poisoning outbreaks
• Licensing of
    • natural mineral water and drinking water,
    • the importation, sale, manufacture, purchase
    and use of saccharin
• Inter-agencies collaboration and coordination on
enforcement.
• Assurance of effective prosecution through Core
Prosecution Team (CPT).
• Establishment of Crisis Alert Team (CAT).
ENFORCEMENT PLANNING

• Food Sampling
  • National Work Plan (NWP)
     • 2 sample/1000 population/year
     • used to set food sampling priorities
     according to food problem, groups of food
     commodities and targets.

• Food Premises Inspection
   • premises are rated based on a std. format
   • unhygienic premises are closed based on
   provision in the Food Act 1983
ENFORCEMENT PLANNING


           Food Sampling (2004)



                              Micro   Micro
                              40%
Chemical
  55%                                 Physical


                                      Chemical
                   Physical
                     5%
ENFORCEMENT PLANNING

• Import Control
  • Inspection based on
     • document
     • Physical inspection
     • Sampling
  • Priority are set based
     • past violation (black listed items)
     • food entering for the first time
  • Approach undertaken include
     • Hold-test-release
     • Undertaking letter
ACTIVITIES:
    LABORATORY SERVICES

• Develop, strengthen and modernize
laboratory services

•Ensure optimal utilization of all existing food
laboratories in the country (within & outside
MOH)

• Ensure the implementation of the laboratory
quality system (ISO 17025)
FQCL PERLIS*              FOOD LABORATORIES UNDER MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA
         (Kangar)




FQCL LAKA TEMIN                                FQCL KELANTAN
 ( Bukit Kayu Hitam)                             (Kota Bahru)                          PHL SABAH
                                                                                      (Kota Kinabalu)

                                                     FQCL TERENGGANU
     FQCL PENANG                                      (Kuala Terengganu)
      (Butterworth)


              PHL IPOH
                                                 FQCL PAHANG
                                                   (Mentakab)
                                                                                                                        FQCL
                                                                                                                     SANDAKAN
       NATIONAL PHL*                                                                                                 ( Sandakan )
         (Sg. Buloh)


              FQCL SELANGOR
                   (Kelang)
                                                                                                                     FQCL Miri
                                                                                   FQCL SARAWAK*
                                                                                      (Kuching)



                                                                           Note :
                              PHL JOHORE*                                       FQCL : Food Quality Control Laboratory
                               (Johor Bahru)                                    PHL     : Public Health Laboratory
ACTIVITIES:
                INDUSTRY

• Provide advisory services; SMI

• Facilitate export; Health Cert., Free Sale Cert.,
   Heat Process Meat Cert. Etc.

•Promote quality management system for food
   safety assurance including HACCP/GHP etc to
   the food sectors

•EU recognised Competent Authority for HACCP
  Certification(Fish & fish products)
Malaysian Certification Scheme -
          Guidelines
HACCP LOGO
ACTIVITIES:
    MONITORING & RESEARCH


• Develop smart partnership in priority
collaborative research program on food safety
especially with academia & professional bodies
& associations.
• Promote Risk Analysis
   • Risk assessment
   • Risk management
   • Risk communication
ACTIVITIES:
      CONSUMER EDUCATION


• Disseminate information on health issues and
food safety through information technology and
risk communication.

• Ensure smart partnership with mass media.
ACTIVITIES:
    INFORMATION SYSTEM (HMIS)

• Maximization of IT utilization in FQC
programme:
   • Online HMIS with state, district, entry point &
   labs
   • HMIS - SMK interface at major entry point
   • Homepage
MAIN PAGE   http://fsis.moh.gov.my/fqc/
ACTIVITIES:
                  TRAINING

• Training of food handlers:
   •To increase the awareness of food handlers on
   food hygiene and sanitation in a more
   structured and systematic manner, through
      • Accreditation Food Handlers Training
      Institutions – 1996
      • Training of Trainer’s - 1998
ACTIVITIES:
           TRAINING (CONT.)

• Training of personnel:
  • Continuous education on food safety & its
     implications in the era of globalisation

  • “Hands on” training including attachment to
     state, district, entry point offices, labs &
     industries.
ACTIVITIES:
  CODEX & INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

• Codex Contact Point for Malaysia (since 1996)
• Chairman & Secretariat of National Codex
  Committee
• SPS Enquiry Point on Food Safety
• Reference Center to deal with international food
  standard, WTO including TBT, APEC, ASEAN,
  etc.
CHANGING FOOD SCENARIOS THAT HAVE
               IMPOSITIONS ON FOOD SAFETY
                  •Large-scale production
                  •Intensified agricultural practices
Food Production   •Use of raw materials & products sourced from other countries
                  •New Processing techniques
                  •Convenience foods with minimum preparation
   Consumer       •Quest for “fresh”, “Natural” & “health” foods
                      - less harsh processing & production regime
  requirements        - greater care in production, distribution, storage &
                        preparation
                  •Consumption of food outside the home
                  •frequency of international travel - tourism/business
  Social          •increase in aged population - high risk group
                  •employment of foreign worker with different cultural and
                  handling practices
                  •Globalization - transnational challenge i.e. exposure to food-
                  borne hazards from other countries
  Economic        •Trade Framework - WTO Agreement on SPS & TBT
                                       - AFTA
Changing Pattern of Food Food-Borne
                 Illness
Traditional                    New & Emerging
usually local               widespread, multi-state, international
high dose                   low infective dose
organism readily isolated   risk undetected by normal method
normal food processing       may survive some processes
will eliminate pathogen
low mortality/easily        high mortality/resistant to many
treated with antibiotic     antibiotic
traditional food know to    food not previously associated with
be associated               food-borne illness
Key Food Safety Issues
• Existing Issues Being addressed
    –   Hygiene of eating establishment
    –   Residue of veterinary drugs
    –   Pesticides
    –   Abuse and overuse of food additives
    –   Mycotoxin
    –   inorganic contaminants

    Effort already taking place to reduce the contravention and risk to consumers.

• New Issues beginning to be addressed
    – Migration of chemicals substances from packaging materials and other
      materials in contact with food
    – Persistent Organic Environmental Pollutants (dioxin, PCBs, PAH)
    – Chemical substances formed during cooking/processing
    – Hypersensitivity, intolerance and allergic reactions
    – Antibiotic resistant microorganism
OTHER ISSUES
• Legislation
   – Harmonization with international standards
   – Review of national standards based on risk assessment
     incorporating available scientific evidence
   – Shifting from end-products to process-based regulatory
     standards
   – Difference between public perception and scientific
     assessment
   – Keeping-up with factors influencing
     development/review of national standards
      • New technology e.g. new methods of processing and methods
        of testing
      • Changing hazards
OTHER ISSUES
• Industry
  – Exporters need to comply with importing
    country and buyers requirements but:-
     • Importing countries have different standards and
       regulatory approaches
     • Food regulations are constantly changing
     • Multiple level of regulations are encountered
  – Commitment to food safety is not fully a part
    of the operating cultures of many food
    establishment
FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN
                          Supply of A gricult ural Input s
               e .g Fertilizer s, pest icid es,animal f eeding st uff s,       MOH /MOA
                                  vet erinary dr ugs


                               Primar Production
                                         y
Upstream             e.g. f armer s, f ishe rman, f ish f armer s
                                                                                  MOA



                             Primar Food Processing
                                   y                                       MO H/ MO A/JAKI M
                  e .g on f arm, dairi e abbat oir s, gr ain mi ll s
                                        s,                                  Loc al Governme nt


                          Sec ondary Food Processing                          MO H/JAKI M
                    e.g. canning, free zing, dr ying, brewing               Loc al Governme nt


M idstream                    Food D istribution                           MO H/ MITI /M OD T/
                 e.g. nati onal/int er ional, im port /expor t
                                      nat                                  Cus toms/Local Govt.


                       Food Retail ing/ Food C atering
                                                                           MOH /MO DT/JAKI M
Downstream   e.g. r estaur ants, s treet foods, hospit als, s chool s
                                                                            Loc al Governme nt
                              su perm arket s, shops

                                                                                   MOH /
                              Domest ic Food                                Loc al Governme nt
                               Production
MOH INITIATIVES
• THE FOOD SAFETY & NUTRITION
  COUNCIL
  – Approved by Malaysian Cabinet in March 2001 as
    the highest advisory body to the government
  – Partnership and cooperation with stakeholders to
    ensure national coherence in food safety
  – Members of the Council
     • 22 agencies (government & NGOs)
  – 2 Council meetings per year
  – The National Food Safety Policy and Plan of
    Action
     • outcome from the 2nd. Council Meeting
     • approved by Cabinet on 19 January 2003
FOOD SAFETY & NUTRITION COUNCIL


                            THE
                          COUNCIL




                             FOOD               Nutrition
                            SAFETY
                          COMMITTEE             Committee




             TECHNICAL COMMITTEES ON FOOD SAFETY




FOOD    MINERAL                                    FOOD
                  CODEX      FOOD       SUPER                HACCP
 REG.     H20                                     ANALYSIS
                          IRRADIATION   GERMS
•Farm to table
                                    •partnership with
                   Integrated
   Education &                      other agencies
                   Approach         •international collaboration
    Research
                                    •Tracing of feed,
                                    ingredients & food
    Keys           Traceability     •Recall procedures or laws
  elements
                                    •Risk assessment (information
    of the
                                    analysis & scientific advise)
National Food                       •Risk management (regulation,
    Safety          Science Based   control & precautionary
    Policy                          principle)
                                    •Risk communication
                                    •Involvement of
 ICT               Transparency     stakeholders
                                    •notifications
 •To monitor and
 evaluate                            •Lab
                     Capacity        •Legislation
                     Building        •Enforcement
MOH INITIATIVES
• Strengthening Food Legislation
   – Nutrition Labeling & Claims
   – Amendments to Schedule 16 of the Food Regulation
     1985 on MRL for Pesticide Residue (gazetted)
   – Regulations on Genetically Modified Foods (to be
     gazetted)
   – Food Hygiene Regulation (had dialogues with
     stakeholders and in the final stage)
   – Food Import Regulations (to be finalized with legal
     advisor)
   – Food Advertisement Regulations (to be finalized with
     legal advisor)
MOH INITIATIVES
• Strengthening Laboratory Services
   – upgrading of laboratory’s infrastructure
   – technical cooperation with JICA 2001-2005 to improve
     expertise in the areas pesticides, veterinary drugs, GMO
     etc.
   – Development of reference laboratory
   – accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025
   – participation in national & international proficiency
     tests such NATA (Australia) & FAPAS (UK)
   – optimal utilization of other laboratories
      • Department of Chemistry - 10 labs.
      • Veterinary & Pesticide Laboratory from MOA
      • outsource to USM, MU
MOH INITIATIVES
• Research/Studies
   – collaborative research with Universities
       • MU - food packages (bisphenol A, phthalates in baby feeding bottles)
       • UPM - Risk Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
               - antibiotic resistant microorganism
       • USM - Acrylamide in Foods
       • Food Consumption Pattern
       • Total Dietary Intake of Contaminants
       • Dioxin in Breast milk
       • Bacterial Survey of School Hostel Kitchen
• Quality Assurance program
   – HACCP Certification Scheme
       • independent 3rd. Party auditing
       • integration of HACCP with other system including ISO 9000, Halal
         etc.
   – development of guidelines
       • GHP
MOH INITIATIVES
• International Collaborations
   – JICA “Project to Strengthen Food Safety Programme in Malaysia”
     2001-2005
       • Strengthening of Food Safety Administration
       • Strengthening and Improvement of food analysis capability and food
         inspection
       • Development and promotion of food safety information

   – EU-ASEAN Economic Cooperation Programme on Standards,
     Quality and Conformity Assessment (Food Sector) 2003-2005 –
     Consist of 4 components
       • Strengthening of Food Testing Laboratories Capacities
       • Strengthening of Food Inspection Capacities
       • Strengthening capacities in food standardization & food legislation
         information
       • Promoting the Application of HACCP, GMP and GHP in Food SMEs

   – SELAMAT?
MOH INITIATIVES
• International Fora
    – Codex & International
        • Hosting of the FAO/WHO Regional Conference on Food Safety for the Asia
          & the Pacific (24-27 May 2004)
        • Hosting of the 13th. Session of CCASIA (17-20 Sept 2002)
        • Hosting of the upcoming CCFL (9-13 May 2005) in Sabah , West Malaysia

    – ASEAN
        • ASEAN Task Force on Codex - initiated by Malaysia
        • ASEAN Expert Group on Food Safety - development of ASEAN Food Safety
          Improvement Plan (Malaysia as coordinator)

    – Bilateral
        • With Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand, China.
        • BIMST Border Health Meeting
http://www.aseanfoodsafetynetwork.net




                                   Click to Enter ASEAN
                                   Consultative Network
MOH Initiatives
• Food Safety Information System of Malaysia (FoSIM)
  for Import Control
   – development of a web-based system to link all 34 entry points to
     control food import to ensure:-
       • speedier clearance, consistent scrutiny and greater transparency
   – launched in Aug 2003
       • to be integrated with Custom’s system
   – adapted from FAIINS (Food Automated Import Inspection Network
     System ) of Japan with customization to FQC existing procedures.
   – In-built intelligent/knowledge databases
   – Automated examination levels, food codes,analytical parameter
     codes,electronic references
MOH FQCD                                  MOH ITC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                FQC/SMK
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Server
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               SMK
                         NETWORK SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM                                                                                     Back-up         App                    DB                                                                               Server
                                                                                                                                       Server                    SVR
                                                                                                                          Padang
                                                                                                      Kuala Perlis                                                                    Kota Kinabalu
                                                                                                                          Besar
                                                                                            Perlis    SeaPort                                                                         FQC Lab
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sandakan FQC Lab
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       CUSTOMS
                                                                                            FQC Lab                               1
                                                                            Bukit Kayu                           2                                                                           47            46              Kota Kinabalu AirPort
                                                   Tg. Lembung SeaPort
                                                                            Hitam                33                                                                                                                 45
                                                                                        4                                                                        LAN                                                                  Kota Kinabalu SeaPort
                                                Kedah FQC Lab               5                                                                                                                                                    44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Labuan SeaPort
                                                                 36                                                                                                                                                                       43
                                   Bukit Kayu Hitam                                                                                                                                                                                                          Tawau SeaPort
                                   Warehouse                                                                                                                       14                                                                                  42
                                                   7
                                                                                                                                                                              Internet                                                                                Sandakan SeaPort
                         Langkawi                                                                                                     Perlis                                                                                                                     41
                         AirPort           8                                                                                                  1
              Penang                                                                                                                                                                        Sabah                                                                      40    Miri SeaPort
              SeaPort
                              9                                                                                                                                                                       13                                              39    Kuching SeaPort
      Butterworth                                                                                       Kedah
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Sibu SeaPort
      SeaPort
                        10                                                                                                2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Sarawak                                     38
   Bayang Lepas AirPort                                                               Pulau Pinang                                                                                                                          12                                        37   Kuching AirPort

                 11                                                                                 3                                                                                                                                                                                   Sarikei
 Penang FQC Lab
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  36    SeaPort
                                                                                        Perak                                                 MOH Virtual
            12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          35   Bintulu
   Grik                                                                                         4                                            Private Network                                                                 Kelantan
     13                                                                                      Selangor                                                                                                                                                                        34    Tebedu
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          11                     33   Sarawak FQC Lab
Selangor      14                                                                                            5                                                                                              Terengganu
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Rantau Panjang
FQC Lab                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    32
                                                                                                        N.Sembilan                                                                                                   10
 Kelang West           15                                                                                                                                                            Pahang                                                                                     31     Pengkalan Kubu
 SeaPort                                                                                                                      6            Melaka
                                                                                                                                                                 Johor                            9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Bukit Bunga
           Kelang North           16                                                                                                               7                                                                                                                  30
           SeaPort                                                                                                                                                        8                                                                                       Kelantan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            29
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  FQC Lab
                   Kelang South          17
                   SeaPort
                                                        18                                                                                                                                                                                       28    Terengganu
                                       KL International               19                                                                                                                                                                               FQC Lab
                                       AirPort               Kelang Admin Office
                                                                                                 Johor PH
                                                                                                 Lab
                                                                                                                     21                                                                                                        27     Pahang
                                                                 Melaka SeaPort        20                                                                                                                                             FQC Lab
                                                                                                                 Tg. Puteri           22                                                                    26   Kuantan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 SeaPort
                                                                                                                                  2nd Link        23
                                                                                                                                                                              Tg. Pelepas
                                                                                                                                                           24            25   SeaPort
           Legend                                                                                                                                 Pasir Gudang
          Total Number of Entry points : 34            FQC Office                                   State                                         SeaPort
                                                                      Lab       Warehouse

              19              10               5             1         11         1                             13
             Sea            Road          Air
FOOD SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEM OF MALAYSIA – FOOD IMPORTATION PROCESS
             1. Registration


                                2. P                                                                                                                          n
                                    re-
                                       Im                                                                                                                atio
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                                          e Im otific                                                                                  Imp                                     ENTRY POINT
                                                         at                      Ministry of Health                                ss                 tion
                                               po
                                                  rt N ion (O                                                                    ce               ma
                                                                                                                          6. Pro             n for
 IMPORTERS / FORWARDING AGENTS
                                     10.              oti
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                                          Fin                        al)                                                             mp
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                                                                                                                                                         n
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                                                      s io                                                                                 al D
                                                          n                                                                            Fin
                                                                                                                                   10.




                                                                             Food Safety Information System of Malaysia
                     3. Import Declaration (K1)                                                                                       9.
                                                                                                                                         An
                                                                                                                                            al y
                                                                                                                                                s   is                      INSPECTION / SAMPLING
                                                                                                                                                          Re
                                                          ion                          Recommends                                                            su
                                                       cis                                                                             7.                       lts
                                                 l   De                                                                                   S   am
                                               na                                    Examination Level                                             pl                                 8. Sample for Analysis
                                           .Fi                                                                                                        e
                                         10                                                                                                               In
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                                                                 ce                                                                                            rm
                                                              rfa                                                                                                   at
                                                         I nte                                                                                                        io
                                                                                                                                                                        n
                                                     K
                                                  SM
                                               4.                      Transaction        Knowledge               Master
                                                                        Database           Database              Database


   CUSTOMS INFORMATION SYSTEM (SMK)                                        Automated Examination Level                                                                           LABORATORY




    LEVEL 1                      LEVEL 2                                LEVEL 3                         LEVEL 4                                        LEVEL 5                                LEVEL 6
     AUTO                       DOCUMENT                              MONITORING                     SURVEILLANCE                                    HOLD TEST &                               AUTO
  CLEARANCE                    EXAMINATION                            EXAMINATION                     EXAMINATION                                     RELEASE                                REJECTION

                                                                                  Inspection Action
EXAMINATION LEVELS
LEVEL 1 - AUTOMATIC CLEARANCE

LEVEL 2 – DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
                - VERIFY NOTIFICATION INFORMATION
                - MAY REQUEST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
                - PHYSICAL INSPECTION/EXAMINTATION IF
                  NECESSARY BEFORE RELEASE

LEVEL 3 – MONITORING EXAMINATION
                - INSPECTION AND SAMPLING TO BE CARRIED
                 OUT ACCORDING TO SET TARGET.
                 (EG. 20% OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTS FROM
                 THAILAND NEED TO BE SAMPLED FOR
                  PESTICIDE)

LEVEL 4 – SURVEILLACNE EXAMINATION
                 - INSPECTION AND SAMPLING TO BE CARRIED
                   OUT ON PRODUCTS WHERE TARGET NOT SET

LEVEL 5 – HOLD TEST AND RELEASE
                 - DETAIN AND SAMPLE

LEVEL 6 – AUTO REJECTION
CONCLUSION
The challenges of food safety is immense and in this
time of increasing food safety concerns and
shrinking resources, there are both the opportunities
and the need to work together between the
government, food industry and consumers.
The leadership provided by the Ministry of Health
towards this end and the continuous improvement of
the food safety program will inevitably create better
strides towards the establishment of an effective and
efficient food safety program in the era of
globalisation.
Thank you
        for
   your attention

SAFE FOOD FOR ALL CAN BE ACHIEVED
THROUGH SHARED RESPONSIBILITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY

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Food safety malaysia

  • 1. FOOD SAFETY IN MALAYSIA - an overview Dr. Abdul Rahim bin Mohamad Food Safety and Quality Division Department Of Public Health Ministry Of Health Malaysia
  • 2. Malaysia’s Food Safety System “The Malaysia food safety system is characterized by its complexity and diversity; with different authority entrusted with the task of ensuring food safety at different stages of the food chain”
  • 3. FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN Supply of A gricult ural Input s e .g Fertilizer s, pest icid es,animal f eeding st uff s, MOH /MOA vet erinary dr ugs Primar Production y Upstream e.g. f armer s, f ishe rman, f ish f armer s MOA Primar Food Processing y MO H/ MO A/JAKI M e .g on f arm, dairi e abbat oir s, gr ain mi ll s s, Loc al Governme nt Sec ondary Food Processing MO H/JAKI M e.g. canning, free zing, dr ying, brewing Loc al Governme nt M idstream Food D istribution MO H/ MITI /M OD T/ e.g. nati onal/int er ional, im port /expor t nat Cus toms/Local Govt. Food Retail ing/ Food C atering MOH /MO DT/JAKI M Downstream e.g. r estaur ants, s treet foods, hospit als, s chool s Loc al Governme nt su perm arket s, shops MOH / Domest ic Food Loc al Governme nt Production
  • 4. Food Import • The importation of food from foreign countries is overseen by the – Ministry of Health( Food Inspectors at entry points) – Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) for meat – Fishery Department for life fish and fish
  • 5. Food Export • Certification (Health Cert., Free Sale etc) for exported food including fish & fish products are issued by Ministry of Health( Food Safety & Quality) based on requirements by importing countries or by the exporters for the purpose of getting letter of credit (LC). • Certification for live fish is by Fishery Department; meat by DVS and plants/vegetables by DOA respectively. • In 2002, Malaysia food export amounted to about RM7.4 billion. (Euro 1.5billion)
  • 6. Overview of the Food Safety Program in MOH >200,000 food RM16.8 billion (local) 35% income premises RM12 billion (import) used for food Food Safety and Quality Control Legislation Human Resource Laboratory •Food Act 1983 •Public Health Specialist •10 FQCL •Food Regulations 1985 •Food Technologist •4 PHL •New Regulations •Nutritionist •Other agencies •Asst. Food Technologist •Asst. Env. Health Officer Policy & Planning •Food Safety & Quality Division(MOH) Implementation and Supervision •14 states, 136 district, 34 entry points
  • 7. LEGAL MANDATE • Food Act 1983 • gazetted on 10 March 1983 • Food Regulations 1985 • gazetted on 26 September 1985 • Enforced together on • 1st October 1985
  • 8. FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL (1) GENERAL OBJECTIVE To Protect The Public Against Food Related Hazards & Fraud As Well As To Motivate And Promote The Preparation, Handling, Distribution, Sale And Consumption Of Safe And Quality Food.
  • 9. FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL (1) STRATEGIES • Establish, Review, & Update Food Legislation To Ensure Safe Food Supply Domestically And Internationally. • Continuous Strengthening of Food Safety Infrastructures Including Food Inspection Capabalities, Sampling And Laboratory Facilities & IT To Ensure Food Safety.
  • 10. FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL (2) STRATEGIES • Enhance Effective Collaboration With Relevant Government Agencies, Food Industry, Consumer Groups, Professional Bodies, Academia And International Organisations. • Develop Adequate & Skilled Human Resources To Ensure Effective Implementation Of The Programme.
  • 11. FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CONTROL (3) STRATEGIES • To Increase Consumer’s Knowledge & Awareness Through Continuous Consumer Education
  • 12. ACTIVITIES: LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT • Legislative Support, Codes of Practice and Guidelines • Continuous development and updating of food legislation • Vetting of new food products to ensure regulatory compliance • Technical advisory services on Food Regulations 1985. • Development of guidelines & codes of practice
  • 13. ISSUES: LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT • Legislative Support, Codes of Practice and Guidelines • Continuous development and updating of food legislation • Vetting of new food products to ensure regulatory compliance • Technical advisory services on Food Regulations 1985. • Development of guidelines & codes of practice
  • 14. ACTIVITIES: ENFORCEMENT • Plan and monitor the implementation of enforcement activities; • Domestic food • Imported food • Food crisis • Food poisoning outbreaks • Licensing of • natural mineral water and drinking water, • the importation, sale, manufacture, purchase and use of saccharin • Inter-agencies collaboration and coordination on enforcement. • Assurance of effective prosecution through Core Prosecution Team (CPT). • Establishment of Crisis Alert Team (CAT).
  • 15. ENFORCEMENT PLANNING • Food Sampling • National Work Plan (NWP) • 2 sample/1000 population/year • used to set food sampling priorities according to food problem, groups of food commodities and targets. • Food Premises Inspection • premises are rated based on a std. format • unhygienic premises are closed based on provision in the Food Act 1983
  • 16. ENFORCEMENT PLANNING Food Sampling (2004) Micro Micro 40% Chemical 55% Physical Chemical Physical 5%
  • 17. ENFORCEMENT PLANNING • Import Control • Inspection based on • document • Physical inspection • Sampling • Priority are set based • past violation (black listed items) • food entering for the first time • Approach undertaken include • Hold-test-release • Undertaking letter
  • 18. ACTIVITIES: LABORATORY SERVICES • Develop, strengthen and modernize laboratory services •Ensure optimal utilization of all existing food laboratories in the country (within & outside MOH) • Ensure the implementation of the laboratory quality system (ISO 17025)
  • 19. FQCL PERLIS* FOOD LABORATORIES UNDER MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA (Kangar) FQCL LAKA TEMIN FQCL KELANTAN ( Bukit Kayu Hitam) (Kota Bahru) PHL SABAH (Kota Kinabalu) FQCL TERENGGANU FQCL PENANG (Kuala Terengganu) (Butterworth) PHL IPOH FQCL PAHANG (Mentakab) FQCL SANDAKAN NATIONAL PHL* ( Sandakan ) (Sg. Buloh) FQCL SELANGOR (Kelang) FQCL Miri FQCL SARAWAK* (Kuching) Note : PHL JOHORE* FQCL : Food Quality Control Laboratory (Johor Bahru) PHL : Public Health Laboratory
  • 20. ACTIVITIES: INDUSTRY • Provide advisory services; SMI • Facilitate export; Health Cert., Free Sale Cert., Heat Process Meat Cert. Etc. •Promote quality management system for food safety assurance including HACCP/GHP etc to the food sectors •EU recognised Competent Authority for HACCP Certification(Fish & fish products)
  • 23. ACTIVITIES: MONITORING & RESEARCH • Develop smart partnership in priority collaborative research program on food safety especially with academia & professional bodies & associations. • Promote Risk Analysis • Risk assessment • Risk management • Risk communication
  • 24. ACTIVITIES: CONSUMER EDUCATION • Disseminate information on health issues and food safety through information technology and risk communication. • Ensure smart partnership with mass media.
  • 25. ACTIVITIES: INFORMATION SYSTEM (HMIS) • Maximization of IT utilization in FQC programme: • Online HMIS with state, district, entry point & labs • HMIS - SMK interface at major entry point • Homepage
  • 26. MAIN PAGE http://fsis.moh.gov.my/fqc/
  • 27. ACTIVITIES: TRAINING • Training of food handlers: •To increase the awareness of food handlers on food hygiene and sanitation in a more structured and systematic manner, through • Accreditation Food Handlers Training Institutions – 1996 • Training of Trainer’s - 1998
  • 28. ACTIVITIES: TRAINING (CONT.) • Training of personnel: • Continuous education on food safety & its implications in the era of globalisation • “Hands on” training including attachment to state, district, entry point offices, labs & industries.
  • 29. ACTIVITIES: CODEX & INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS • Codex Contact Point for Malaysia (since 1996) • Chairman & Secretariat of National Codex Committee • SPS Enquiry Point on Food Safety • Reference Center to deal with international food standard, WTO including TBT, APEC, ASEAN, etc.
  • 30. CHANGING FOOD SCENARIOS THAT HAVE IMPOSITIONS ON FOOD SAFETY •Large-scale production •Intensified agricultural practices Food Production •Use of raw materials & products sourced from other countries •New Processing techniques •Convenience foods with minimum preparation Consumer •Quest for “fresh”, “Natural” & “health” foods - less harsh processing & production regime requirements - greater care in production, distribution, storage & preparation •Consumption of food outside the home •frequency of international travel - tourism/business Social •increase in aged population - high risk group •employment of foreign worker with different cultural and handling practices •Globalization - transnational challenge i.e. exposure to food- borne hazards from other countries Economic •Trade Framework - WTO Agreement on SPS & TBT - AFTA
  • 31. Changing Pattern of Food Food-Borne Illness Traditional New & Emerging usually local widespread, multi-state, international high dose low infective dose organism readily isolated risk undetected by normal method normal food processing may survive some processes will eliminate pathogen low mortality/easily high mortality/resistant to many treated with antibiotic antibiotic traditional food know to food not previously associated with be associated food-borne illness
  • 32. Key Food Safety Issues • Existing Issues Being addressed – Hygiene of eating establishment – Residue of veterinary drugs – Pesticides – Abuse and overuse of food additives – Mycotoxin – inorganic contaminants Effort already taking place to reduce the contravention and risk to consumers. • New Issues beginning to be addressed – Migration of chemicals substances from packaging materials and other materials in contact with food – Persistent Organic Environmental Pollutants (dioxin, PCBs, PAH) – Chemical substances formed during cooking/processing – Hypersensitivity, intolerance and allergic reactions – Antibiotic resistant microorganism
  • 33. OTHER ISSUES • Legislation – Harmonization with international standards – Review of national standards based on risk assessment incorporating available scientific evidence – Shifting from end-products to process-based regulatory standards – Difference between public perception and scientific assessment – Keeping-up with factors influencing development/review of national standards • New technology e.g. new methods of processing and methods of testing • Changing hazards
  • 34. OTHER ISSUES • Industry – Exporters need to comply with importing country and buyers requirements but:- • Importing countries have different standards and regulatory approaches • Food regulations are constantly changing • Multiple level of regulations are encountered – Commitment to food safety is not fully a part of the operating cultures of many food establishment
  • 35. FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN Supply of A gricult ural Input s e .g Fertilizer s, pest icid es,animal f eeding st uff s, MOH /MOA vet erinary dr ugs Primar Production y Upstream e.g. f armer s, f ishe rman, f ish f armer s MOA Primar Food Processing y MO H/ MO A/JAKI M e .g on f arm, dairi e abbat oir s, gr ain mi ll s s, Loc al Governme nt Sec ondary Food Processing MO H/JAKI M e.g. canning, free zing, dr ying, brewing Loc al Governme nt M idstream Food D istribution MO H/ MITI /M OD T/ e.g. nati onal/int er ional, im port /expor t nat Cus toms/Local Govt. Food Retail ing/ Food C atering MOH /MO DT/JAKI M Downstream e.g. r estaur ants, s treet foods, hospit als, s chool s Loc al Governme nt su perm arket s, shops MOH / Domest ic Food Loc al Governme nt Production
  • 36. MOH INITIATIVES • THE FOOD SAFETY & NUTRITION COUNCIL – Approved by Malaysian Cabinet in March 2001 as the highest advisory body to the government – Partnership and cooperation with stakeholders to ensure national coherence in food safety – Members of the Council • 22 agencies (government & NGOs) – 2 Council meetings per year – The National Food Safety Policy and Plan of Action • outcome from the 2nd. Council Meeting • approved by Cabinet on 19 January 2003
  • 37. FOOD SAFETY & NUTRITION COUNCIL THE COUNCIL FOOD Nutrition SAFETY COMMITTEE Committee TECHNICAL COMMITTEES ON FOOD SAFETY FOOD MINERAL FOOD CODEX FOOD SUPER HACCP REG. H20 ANALYSIS IRRADIATION GERMS
  • 38. •Farm to table •partnership with Integrated Education & other agencies Approach •international collaboration Research •Tracing of feed, ingredients & food Keys Traceability •Recall procedures or laws elements •Risk assessment (information of the analysis & scientific advise) National Food •Risk management (regulation, Safety Science Based control & precautionary Policy principle) •Risk communication •Involvement of ICT Transparency stakeholders •notifications •To monitor and evaluate •Lab Capacity •Legislation Building •Enforcement
  • 39. MOH INITIATIVES • Strengthening Food Legislation – Nutrition Labeling & Claims – Amendments to Schedule 16 of the Food Regulation 1985 on MRL for Pesticide Residue (gazetted) – Regulations on Genetically Modified Foods (to be gazetted) – Food Hygiene Regulation (had dialogues with stakeholders and in the final stage) – Food Import Regulations (to be finalized with legal advisor) – Food Advertisement Regulations (to be finalized with legal advisor)
  • 40. MOH INITIATIVES • Strengthening Laboratory Services – upgrading of laboratory’s infrastructure – technical cooperation with JICA 2001-2005 to improve expertise in the areas pesticides, veterinary drugs, GMO etc. – Development of reference laboratory – accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025 – participation in national & international proficiency tests such NATA (Australia) & FAPAS (UK) – optimal utilization of other laboratories • Department of Chemistry - 10 labs. • Veterinary & Pesticide Laboratory from MOA • outsource to USM, MU
  • 41. MOH INITIATIVES • Research/Studies – collaborative research with Universities • MU - food packages (bisphenol A, phthalates in baby feeding bottles) • UPM - Risk Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus - antibiotic resistant microorganism • USM - Acrylamide in Foods • Food Consumption Pattern • Total Dietary Intake of Contaminants • Dioxin in Breast milk • Bacterial Survey of School Hostel Kitchen • Quality Assurance program – HACCP Certification Scheme • independent 3rd. Party auditing • integration of HACCP with other system including ISO 9000, Halal etc. – development of guidelines • GHP
  • 42. MOH INITIATIVES • International Collaborations – JICA “Project to Strengthen Food Safety Programme in Malaysia” 2001-2005 • Strengthening of Food Safety Administration • Strengthening and Improvement of food analysis capability and food inspection • Development and promotion of food safety information – EU-ASEAN Economic Cooperation Programme on Standards, Quality and Conformity Assessment (Food Sector) 2003-2005 – Consist of 4 components • Strengthening of Food Testing Laboratories Capacities • Strengthening of Food Inspection Capacities • Strengthening capacities in food standardization & food legislation information • Promoting the Application of HACCP, GMP and GHP in Food SMEs – SELAMAT?
  • 43. MOH INITIATIVES • International Fora – Codex & International • Hosting of the FAO/WHO Regional Conference on Food Safety for the Asia & the Pacific (24-27 May 2004) • Hosting of the 13th. Session of CCASIA (17-20 Sept 2002) • Hosting of the upcoming CCFL (9-13 May 2005) in Sabah , West Malaysia – ASEAN • ASEAN Task Force on Codex - initiated by Malaysia • ASEAN Expert Group on Food Safety - development of ASEAN Food Safety Improvement Plan (Malaysia as coordinator) – Bilateral • With Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand, China. • BIMST Border Health Meeting
  • 44. http://www.aseanfoodsafetynetwork.net Click to Enter ASEAN Consultative Network
  • 45. MOH Initiatives • Food Safety Information System of Malaysia (FoSIM) for Import Control – development of a web-based system to link all 34 entry points to control food import to ensure:- • speedier clearance, consistent scrutiny and greater transparency – launched in Aug 2003 • to be integrated with Custom’s system – adapted from FAIINS (Food Automated Import Inspection Network System ) of Japan with customization to FQC existing procedures. – In-built intelligent/knowledge databases – Automated examination levels, food codes,analytical parameter codes,electronic references
  • 46. MOH FQCD MOH ITC FQC/SMK Server SMK NETWORK SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Back-up App DB Server Server SVR Padang Kuala Perlis Kota Kinabalu Besar Perlis SeaPort FQC Lab Sandakan FQC Lab CUSTOMS FQC Lab 1 Bukit Kayu 2 47 46 Kota Kinabalu AirPort Tg. Lembung SeaPort Hitam 33 45 4 LAN Kota Kinabalu SeaPort Kedah FQC Lab 5 44 Labuan SeaPort 36 43 Bukit Kayu Hitam Tawau SeaPort Warehouse 14 42 7 Internet Sandakan SeaPort Langkawi Perlis 41 AirPort 8 1 Penang Sabah 40 Miri SeaPort SeaPort 9 13 39 Kuching SeaPort Butterworth Kedah Sibu SeaPort SeaPort 10 2 Sarawak 38 Bayang Lepas AirPort Pulau Pinang 12 37 Kuching AirPort 11 3 Sarikei Penang FQC Lab 36 SeaPort Perak MOH Virtual 12 35 Bintulu Grik 4 Private Network Kelantan 13 Selangor 34 Tebedu 11 33 Sarawak FQC Lab Selangor 14 5 Terengganu Rantau Panjang FQC Lab 32 N.Sembilan 10 Kelang West 15 Pahang 31 Pengkalan Kubu SeaPort 6 Melaka Johor 9 Bukit Bunga Kelang North 16 7 30 SeaPort 8 Kelantan 29 FQC Lab Kelang South 17 SeaPort 18 28 Terengganu KL International 19 FQC Lab AirPort Kelang Admin Office Johor PH Lab 21 27 Pahang Melaka SeaPort 20 FQC Lab Tg. Puteri 22 26 Kuantan SeaPort 2nd Link 23 Tg. Pelepas 24 25 SeaPort Legend Pasir Gudang Total Number of Entry points : 34 FQC Office State SeaPort Lab Warehouse 19 10 5 1 11 1 13 Sea Road Air
  • 47. FOOD SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEM OF MALAYSIA – FOOD IMPORTATION PROCESS 1. Registration 2. P n re- Im atio 5. G ene port N tific No rat o rt e Im otific Imp ENTRY POINT at Ministry of Health ss tion po rt N ion (O ce ma 6. Pro n for IMPORTERS / FORWARDING AGENTS 10. oti fica ption le I Fin al) mp al D tio n 7. Sa sio n eci eci s io al D n Fin 10. Food Safety Information System of Malaysia 3. Import Declaration (K1) 9. An al y s is INSPECTION / SAMPLING Re ion Recommends su cis 7. lts l De S am na Examination Level pl 8. Sample for Analysis .Fi e 10 In fo ce rm rfa at I nte io n K SM 4. Transaction Knowledge Master Database Database Database CUSTOMS INFORMATION SYSTEM (SMK) Automated Examination Level LABORATORY LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 6 AUTO DOCUMENT MONITORING SURVEILLANCE HOLD TEST & AUTO CLEARANCE EXAMINATION EXAMINATION EXAMINATION RELEASE REJECTION Inspection Action
  • 48. EXAMINATION LEVELS LEVEL 1 - AUTOMATIC CLEARANCE LEVEL 2 – DOCUMENT EXAMINATION - VERIFY NOTIFICATION INFORMATION - MAY REQUEST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION - PHYSICAL INSPECTION/EXAMINTATION IF NECESSARY BEFORE RELEASE LEVEL 3 – MONITORING EXAMINATION - INSPECTION AND SAMPLING TO BE CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO SET TARGET. (EG. 20% OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTS FROM THAILAND NEED TO BE SAMPLED FOR PESTICIDE) LEVEL 4 – SURVEILLACNE EXAMINATION - INSPECTION AND SAMPLING TO BE CARRIED OUT ON PRODUCTS WHERE TARGET NOT SET LEVEL 5 – HOLD TEST AND RELEASE - DETAIN AND SAMPLE LEVEL 6 – AUTO REJECTION
  • 49. CONCLUSION The challenges of food safety is immense and in this time of increasing food safety concerns and shrinking resources, there are both the opportunities and the need to work together between the government, food industry and consumers. The leadership provided by the Ministry of Health towards this end and the continuous improvement of the food safety program will inevitably create better strides towards the establishment of an effective and efficient food safety program in the era of globalisation.
  • 50. Thank you for your attention SAFE FOOD FOR ALL CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH SHARED RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY