Preview of findings from a study by ccLearn on the licensing policies of presumptively "open" educational resource sites, with a particular focus on the remixability (interoperability) of differently licensed OER.

1. An Analysis of “Open” in Education License policy diversity and implications for the global commons Ahrash N Bissell

2. An Analysis of “Open” in Education License policy diversity and implications for the global commons Ahrash N Bissell

3. The world is changing… Tebndxt by Armel

4. “ Content is no longer limited to the books, filmstrips, and videos associated with classroom instruction; networked content today provides a rich immersive learning environment incorporating accessible data using colorful visualizations, animated graphics, and interactive applications.” “ Alongside these technology improvements, “ open educational resources ” offer learning content and software tools that support search, organization, interaction, and distribution of materials.” “ Increasingly,… the Web is being recognized as an enabler for collaborative creation of significant information resources that aggregate contributions from hundreds or thousands of individuals.” What is the future of education…?

6. Text What are Open Edu c ational Resour c es? Michael Reschke cba Digitized materials offered freely and openly for educators, students and self-learners to use and re-use for teaching, learning and research.* *UNESCO. 2002. Forum on the impact of Open Courseware for higher education in developing countries. Final report. Paris: UNESCO.

12. 1006 sites in database 696 sites – “Closed” 167 sites – US Government 143 sites – “Open”

13. Government educational sites License providers

14. “ Open” educational sites – License providers

15. CC-licensed “open” educational sites

16. “ Open” sites with amended all-rights-reserved licenses. Permissions granted Total © sites with additional permissions 27 Free to use for “educators” 3 Free to use, but only “non-commercially” 21 Free to use, but only for “educational use” 11 Free to use, but not to derive 16 Free to use, but limited to one or a few copies 6 Free to use, but only in a specific region 2 Free to use if shared-alike 6 The terms of use were unclear 6

17. “ Open” sites with amended all-rights-reserved licenses. CC license equivalents Total © sites with additional permissions 27 CC BY 3 CC BY-SA 1 CC BY-NC 0 CC BY-NC-SA 5 CC BY-ND 0 CC BY-ND-NC 16 No equivalent license 2

18. Creative Commons licenses Remixability (interoperability) matrix These CC Licenses ...can be used with these CC Licenses CC BY CC BY CC BY-NC CC BY-NC-ND CC BY-NC-SA CC BY-ND CC BY-SA CC BY-NC CC BY CC BY-NC CC BY-NC-ND CC BY-NC-SA CC BY-ND CC BY-SA CC BY-NC-ND CC BY CC BY-NC CC BY-NC-ND CC BY-NC-SA CC BY-ND CC BY-SA CC BY-NC-SA CC BY CC BY-NC CC BY-NC-ND CC BY-NC-SA CC BY-ND CC BY-SA CC BY-ND CC BY CC BY-NC CC BY-NC-ND CC BY-NC-SA CC BY-ND CC BY-SA CC BY-SA CC BY CC BY-NC CC BY-NC-ND CC BY-NC-SA CC BY-ND CC BY-SA

19. Creative Commons licenses Remixability matrix

20. © Again – The openness of a resource increases with the permissions given. But this basic schema does not map perfectly to remixability... More permissions = More open.

21. © This would be the equivalent schema but with remixability as the dominant determinant of “openness”.

22. © This would be the equivalent schema but with remixability as the dominant determinant of “openness”.

23. OER Galaxies diagram by David Wiley ( http://opencontent.org/blog ) Silos (or galaxies) of OER…?

25. Ideally, OER in the global education commons should be: • easy to identify • minimally encumbered • fully adaptable Tebnaxt http://www.flickr.com/photos/mimax/303567279/ by Max

27. learn.creativecommons.org Send comments to: ahrash@creativecommons.org