The Results of National Values Assessments as a Methodology to Measure National Wellbeing

1. WP
From Wealth and Productivity …
to Wellbeing and Prosperity
Wellbeing and Public Policy Conference June 2012
Antoinette Braks
www.valuescentre.com
www.valuescentre.com 1

2. From Wealth and
Productivity to …
Wellbeing and
Prosperity
A Shift in Consciousness
National Values Assessments
Transformational Change
2

3. Human Potential Movement
Growth Needs
Growth needs take us on the
human evolutionary journey;
they engender deeper levels of
motivation and commitment.
Self
Actualization
Self-Esteem Deficiency Needs
When deficiency needs
are not met, we feel a
Love and Belonging sense of anxiety.
Once met, they do not
Health and Security offer a sense of lasting
satisfaction or fulfillment
but propel us forward to
Safety and Survival meeting our need to grow
Hierarchy of Needs
3

4. Levels in Personal Consciousness
Being of Service
Making a Difference
Common
Internal Cohesion Good
Transformation
The New
Self-Esteem
Leadership
Self-Interest Paradigm
Relationship
From Fear to
Love and the
Survival Destiny of
Nations 2012
Levels of Consciousness 4

5. DEPENDENCE INDEPENDENCE INTERDEPENDENCE TRANSCENDENCE
INCREASING CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEADERSHIP CAPACITY
5

6. DEPENDENCE INDEPENDENCE INTERDEPENDENCE TRANSCENDENCE
INCREASING CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEADERSHIP CAPACITY
DISCIPLINARY – CREATIVE – RESPECTFUL – SYNTHESIZIING - ETHICAL
6

7. DEPENDENCE INDEPENDENCE INTERDEPENDENCE TRANSCENDENCE
INCREASING CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEADERSHIP CAPACITY
DISCIPLINARY – CREATIVE – RESPECTFUL – SYNTHESIZIING - ETHICAL
7

8. SOCIALIZED SELF-AUTHORING SELF-TRANSFORMING
DEPENDENCE INDEPENDENCE INTERDEPENDENCE TRANSCENDENCE
INCREASING CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEADERSHIP CAPACITY
DISCIPLINARY – CREATIVE – RESPECTFUL – SYNTHESIZIING - ETHICAL
8

9. SOCIALIZED SELF-AUTHORING SELF-TRANSFORMING
DEPENDENCE INDEPENDENCE INTERDEPENDENCE TRANSCENDENCE
Expert
Alchemist
Opportunist
Individualist
INCREASING CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEADERSHIP CAPACITY
Achiever
Diplomat
Strategist
DISCIPLINARY – CREATIVE – RESPECTFUL – SYNTHESIZIING - ETHICAL
9

10. Current Distribution: 15% @5+
Being of Service 1%
Making a Difference Strat 4%
Internal Cohesion Individ 10%
Transformation Achiever 30%
Self-Esteem Expert 38%
Relationship Diplomat 12%
Survival Opp 5%
Cook-Greuter,
10
Rooke and Torbert

11. Evolutionary Shift: 45% @5+
INCREASING CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEADERHIP CAPACITY
Being of Service Alch 5%
Making a Difference Strategist 10%
Internal Cohesion Individualist 30%
Transformation Achiever 38%
Self-Esteem Expert 12%
Relationship Dip 5%
Survival
11

12. The Human Energy Operating System©
Soul
ETERNAL
Spirit
Guidance
Mind Know and Antoinette Braks
Understand
INTERNAL
Intuition Our Level of
Self-Expression
Heart Creates Our
Life Experience
Will
EXTERNAL
Ego
Body
12

13. The Human Energy Operating System©
Love Soul
ETERNAL
Free Spirit
Care Guidance
Calm Mind Know and Antoinette Braks
Understand
INTERNAL
From Work …
Flow Intuition to Play
A Pathway to
Grow Heart Peace and
Harmony
Play Will
EXTERNAL
Work Ego
Fear Body
13

14. A Quantum Shift in Focus
Love Soul
ETERNAL
Free Spirit
Care Guidance
Calm Mind Know and Antoinette Braks
Understand
INTERNAL
Flow Intuition Our Level of
Self-Expression
Grow Heart Wellbeing Creates Our
Life Experience
Play Will
EXTERNAL
Work Ego
Fear Body Wealth
14

15. A Quantum Shift in Focus
Love Soul
ETERNAL
Free Spirit
Care Guidance
Calm Mind
Prosperity Antoinette Braks
Know and
Understand
INTERNAL
Flow Intuition Our Level of
Self-Expression
Grow Heart Wellbeing Creates Our
Life Experience
Play Will
Productivity
EXTERNAL
Work Ego
Fear Body Wealth
15

16. A Quantum Shift in Focus
Love Soul
ETERNAL
Peace
Free Spirit
Care Guidance
Calm Mind
Prosperity Antoinette Braks
Know and
Understand
INTERNAL
Flow Intuition Our Level of
Self-Expression
Grow Heart Wellbeing Creates Our
Life Experience
Play Will
Productivity
EXTERNAL
Work Ego
Fear Body Wealth
16

17. Global Sustainability Challenges
Global Pollution
Global Terrorism Energy
Economy Resilience
Natural “No problem can be Pandemics
Disasters
solved from the same
level of consciousness
that created it.
We must learn to see
Climate Species
Change the world anew.” Extinction
Water Food
Shortages Poverty Waste Resilience
Reduction Disposal
17

18. This is an Evolutionary Shift
New
World
Old
World
A shift in focus from “me” to “we”.
A shift from self-interest to the common good.
A shift in mindset from competition to community.
A shift from “making more is better” (GDP)
to “being better is more” (GNH).
18

19. From Wealth and
Productivity to …
Wellbeing and
Prosperity
A Shift in Consciousness
National Values Assessments
Transformational Change
19

20. What are Values?
Values - A shorthand
method of describing our
individual motivations and
collective experience and
expectations - what is
important to us in life.
Values can be positive
or potentially limiting.
Positive Values: trust, creativity,
passion, honesty, integrity, clarity
Potentially Limiting Values: power,
blame, greed, status, being liked
20

21. The Values Assessment Questions
1. What are your top ten Personal Values?
2. What are the ten main values you experience
in your national culture today?
3. Which ten values do you most wish to
experience in your national culture in future?
My Values My Experience My Aspirations
21

22. Selection of National Values
Positive Values / Limiting Values
Global Sustainability
Human Rights, Future Generations,
Being of Service
Ecological Resilience.
Strategic Alliances with Other Nations
Making a Difference Regional Collaboration, Environmental Awareness,
Quality Of Life.
Strong Cohesive National Identity
Internal Cohesion Trust, Openness, Transparency, Shared Vision
and Values, Fairness.
Democratic Processes
Transformation Equality, Freedom of Speech, Consensus,
Adaptability, Accountability.
Institutional Effectiveness
Rule of Law, National Pride, Governmental
Self-Esteem
Efficiency. Bureaucracy, Elitism, Abuse of Power
Social Stability
Conflict Resolution, Social Harmony, Rituals.
Relationship Discrimination, Intolerance
Economic Stability
Survival Profitability. Health, Defense, Social Safety Nets.
Corruption, Greed, Violence
% CULTURAL ENTROPY
22

23. National Values Assessments
23

24. Bhutan National Assessment (403) 2009
Personal Values Current Culture Values Desired Culture Values
Level 7
Level 6
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
IRS (P)= 4-4-1 | IRS (L)= 1-0-0 IROS (P)= 1-0-8-2 | IROS (L)= 0-0-0-0 IROS (P)= 1-1-7-1 | IROS (L)= 0-0-0-0
Matches 1. friendship 180 2(R) 1. continuous improvement 195 4(O) 1. education 115 4(O)
PV - CC 1 2. continuous learning 160 4(I) 2. environmental 104 1(O) 2. continuous improvement 113 4(O)
CC - DC 6 protection
PV - DC 2 3. compassion 128 7(R) 3. freedom of speech 113 4(O)
3. strict moral/religious 104 3(O)
4. caution (L) 122 1(I) codes 4. economic growth 107 1(O)
Health
Index (PL) 4. political rights 102 3(O)
5. sincerity 121 5(I) 5. social justice 100 4(S)
PV: 9-1
CC: 11-0 5. education 100 4(O)
6. social justice 118 7(S) 6. contentment 93 5(I)
DC: 10-0
6. nature conservancy 91 6(S)
7. self-discipline 102 1(I) 7. environmental protection 89 1(O)
7. shared vision 90 5(O)
8. optimism 95 5(I) 8. compassion 83 7(R)
8. information availability 88 3(O)
9. helpfulness 94 2(R) 9. full employment 82 3(O)
9. shared values 88 5(O)
10. caring 92 2(R) 10. strict moral/religious 82 3(O)
codes
10. contentment 87 5(I)
11. social justice 87 4(S)
Black Underline = PV & CC Orange = CC & DC P = Positive L = Potentially Limiting I = Individual O = Organizational
Orange = PV, CC & DC Blue = PV & DC (white circle) R = Relationship S = Societal
Values Plot Copyright 2009 Barrett Values Centre January 2009
24

25. Denmark National Assessment (923) 2008
Personal Values Current Culture Values Desired Culture Values
Level 7
Level 6
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
PL= 10-0 | IRS (P)= 4-6-0 | IRS (L)= 0-0-0 PL= 7-3 | IROS (P)= 3-1-2-1 | IROS (L)= 1-0-2-0 PL= 10-0 | IROS (P)= 3-1-2-4 | IROS (L)= 0-0-0-0
Matches 1. family 450 Level 2 1. freedom of speech 471 Level 4 1. freedom of speech 356 Level 4
PV - CC 0 2. honesty 431 Level 5 2. educational opportunities 437 Level 3 2. social responsibility 345 Level 4
CC - DC 6
PV - DC 0 3. humor/fun 400 Level 5 3. prosperity 356 Level 3 3. educational opportunities 341 Level 3
4. responsibility 381 Level 4 4. democratic process 344 Level 4 4. human rights 306 Level 7
5. positive attitude 302 Level 5 5. financial stability 322 Level 1 5. financial stability 300 Level 1
6. friendship 291 Level 2 6. personal freedom 293 Level 4 6. peace 289 Level 7
7. caring 284 Level 2 7. human rights 263 Level 7 7. democratic process 272 Level 4
8. fairness 243 Level 5 8. tradition (L) 256 Level 2 8. social justice 261 Level 4
9. listening 233 Level 2 9. bureaucracy (L) 253 Level 3 9. personal freedom 249 Level 4
10. cooperation 230 Level 5 10. materialistic (L) 232 Level 1 10. quality of life 233 Level 6
Black Underline = PV & CC Orange = CC & DC P = Positive L = Potentially Limiting I = Individual O = Organizational
Orange = PV, CC & DC Blue = PV & DC (white circle) R = Relationship S = Societal
Values Plot Copyright 2008 Barrett Values Centre September 2008
25

26. Australia National Assessment (13.626m) 2009
Personal Values Current Culture Values Desired Culture Values
Level 7
Level 6
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
IRS (P)= 4-6-0 | IRS (L)= 0-0-0 IROS (P)= 0-0-2-0 | IROS (L)= 2-2-4-0 IROS (P)= 1-1-5-3 | IROS (L)= 0-0-0-0
Matches 1. family 6.764m 2(R) 1. bureaucracy (L) 5.900m 3(O) 1. caring for the elderly 4.957m 4(S)
PV - CC 0 2. honesty 6.366m 5(I) 2. crime/violence (L) 5.294m 1(R) 2. affordable housing 4.877m 1(O)
CC - DC 0
PV - DC 0
3. caring 6.337m 2(R) 3. blame (L) 4.915m 2(R) 3. accountability 4.457m 4(R)
Health 4. humour/fun 5.428m 5(I) 4. wasted resources (L) 4.664m 3(O) 4. caring for the 4(S)
Index 4.247m
disadvantaged
(PL) 5. friendship 3.936m 2(R) 5. materialistic (L) 3.617m 1(I)
5. concern for future 7(S)
PV: 10-0 4.136m
6. respect 3.768m 2(R) 6. corruption (L) 3.465m 1(O)
generations
CC: 2-8
DC: 10-0 6. effective healthcare 4.100m 1(O)
7. compassion 3.472m 7(R) 7. uncertainty about the 1(I)
future (L) 3.384m 7. employment 1(O)
3.617m
8. independence 3.460m 4(I) opportunities
8. short-term focus (L) 3.002m 1(O) 8. community pride 3.261m 3(I)
9. responsibility 3.430m 4(I)
9. freedom of speech 2.953m 4(O) 9. governmental 3(O)
10. trust 3.253m 5(R) 3.065m
effectiveness
10. economic growth 2.841m 1(O)
10. dependable public 2.922m
3(O)
services
Black Underline = PV & CC Orange = CC & DC P = Positive L = Potentially Limiting I = Individual O = Organizational
Orange = PV, CC & DC Blue = PV & DC (white circle) R = Relationship S = Societal
Values Plot Copyright 2009 Barrett Values Centre December 2009
26
NB. The assessment participant sample was 1052 and has been statistically adjusted to reflect the Australian population.

27. MORE than $30 billion was wiped off the Australian stockmarket
in the biggest one-day sell-off since December, amid heightened
worries that China's economy is flagging and political turmoil in
Greece will cause global financial instability. The Australian 17 May 2012
27

28. UK Northwest Region 2009
Personal Values Current Culture Values Desired Culture Values
Level 7
Level 6
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
IRS (P)= 3-7-0 | IRS (L)= 0-0-0 IROS (P)= 1-0-0-0 | IROS (L)= 3-3-3-0 IROS (P)= 2-0-4-4 | IROS (L)= 0-0-0-0
Matches 1. caring 995 2(R) 1. crime/violence (L) 925 1(R) 1. community pride 921 3(I)
PV - CC 0 2. family 907 2(R) 2. uncertainty about the 746 1(I) 2. affordable housing 834 1(O)
CC - DC 1
PV - DC 0 future (L)
3. humour/fun 866 5(I) 3. caring for the elderly 811 4(S)
4. honesty 841 5(I) 3. unemployment (L) 700 1(O)
Health 4. caring for the 664 4(S)
Index (PL) disadvantaged
5. friendship 720 2(R) 4. wasted resources (L) 699 3(O)
PV: 10-0 5. Employment 635 1(O)
CC: 1-9 5. bureaucracy (L) 610 3(O) opportunities
DC: 10-0 6. respect 560 2(R)
6. quality of life 584 6(I)
6. apathy/ pessimism (L) 555 3(I)
7. fairness 540 5(R)
7. economic growth 556 1(O)
8. trust 521 5(R) 7. blame (L) 535 2(R)
8. concern for future 535 7(S)
9. listening 502 2(R) 8. conflict/aggression (L) 528 2(R) generations
10. patience 497 5(I) 9. poverty (L) 468 1(I)
9. community services 516 6(S)
10. community pride 448 3(I)
10. dependable public 509 3(O)
services
Black Underline = PV & CC Orange = CC & DC P = Positive L = Potentially Limiting I = Individual O = Organizational
Orange = PV, CC & DC Blue = PV & DC (white circle) R = Relationship S = Societal
Values Plot Copyright 2009 Barrett Values Centre February 2009
28

29. 29

30. US National Assessment (1505) 2011
Personal Values Current Culture Values Desired Culture Values
Level 7
Level 6
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
IRS (P)= 4-6-0 | IRS (L)= 0-0-0 IROS (P)= 0-0-0-0 | IROS (L)= 2-3-5-0 IROS (P)= 1-1-4-4 | IROS (L)= 0-0-0-0
Matches 1. family 672 2(R) 1. blame (L) 820 2(R) 1. accountability 834 4(R)
PV - CC 0 2. caring 648 2(R) 2. bureaucracy (L) 771 3(O) 2. economic growth 574 1(O)
CC - DC 0
PV - DC 1 3. humor/ fun 584 5(I) 3. wasted resources (L) 696 3(O) 3. concern for future 551 7(S)
4. honesty 563 5(I) 4. corruption (L) 682 1(O) generations
Health
5. responsibility 512 4(I) 5. materialistic (L) 671 1(I) 4. employment 468 1(O)
Index (PL) opportunities
6. accountability 459 4(R) 6. uncertainty about 651 1(I)
PV: 10-0 effective healthcare 462 1(O)
CC: 0-10 7. compassion 442 7(R) the future (L) 5.
DC: 10-0 6. caring for the elderly 444 4(S)
8. friendship 433 2(R) 7. conflict/ aggression (L) 560 2(R)
8. crime/ violence (L) 509 1(R) 7. caring for the 379 4(S)
9. independence 417 4(I)
disadvantaged
10. respect 402 2(R) 9. unemployment (L) 504 1(O)
8. educational 358 3(O)
10. short-term focus (L) 444 1(O)
opportunities
9. peace 355 7(S)
10. financial stability 344 1(I)
Black Underline = PV & CC Orange = CC & DC P = Positive L = Potentially Limiting I = Individual O = Organizational
Orange = PV, CC & DC Blue = PV & DC (white circle) R = Relationship S = Societal
Values Plot Copyright 2011 Barrett Values Centre June 2011
30

31. 31

32. 2001
Argentina
32

33. 33

34. Iceland National Assessment (1094) 2010
Personal Values Current Culture Values Desired Culture Values
Level 7
Level 6
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
IRS (P)= 5-5-0 | IRS (L)= 0-0-0 IROS (P)= 0-0-0-1 | IROS (L)= 2-3-4-0 IROS (P)= 2-3-4-1 | IROS (L)= 0-0-0-0
Matches 1. family 598 2(R) 1. uncertainty about the 530 1(I) 1. honesty 295 5(I)
2. honesty 497 5(I) future (L) 2. financial stability 267 1(I)
PV - CC 0
CC - DC 0 2. corruption (L) 507 1(O)
PV - DC 3 3. friendship 357 2(R) 3. employment 259 1(O)
3. unemployment (L) 495 1(O)
opportunities
4. positive attitude 335 5(I)
Health 4. blame (L) 442 2(R) 4. family 235 2(R)
Index (PL)
5. trust 298 5(R)
5. concern for future 347 7(S) 5. respect 230 2(R)
6. fairness 292 5(R)
PV: 10-0 generations 6. dependable public 228 3(O)
CC: 1-9 7. health 273 1(I)
DC: 10-0 6. poverty (L) 326 1(I) services
8. accountability 268 4(R)
7. short-term focus (L) 307 1(O) 7. poverty reduction 228 1(O)
9. financial stability 268 1(I)
8. elitism (L) 296 3(R) 8. educational opportunities 220 3(O)
10. responsibility 264 4(I)
9. conflict/aggression (L) 283 2(R) 9. caring for the elderly 219 4(S)
10. wasted resources (L) 282 3(O) 10. democratic process 217 4(R)
Black Underline = PV & CC Orange = CC & DC P = Positive L = Potentially Limiting I = Individual O = Organizational
Orange = PV, CC & DC Blue = PV & DC (white circle) R = Relationship S = Societal
Values Plot Copyright 2010 Barrett Values Centre September 2010
34

35. 35

36. Entropy Percentages by Nation
Cultural Entropy is a measure of dysfunction or toxic energy in a system
36

37. Top Results Personal Values (16)
Personal Values
Being of Service Top 8 Values Level
1. Family 2
Making a Difference
2. Friendship 2
Internal Cohesion 3 4 8 3. Honesty 5
Transformation 7 4. Humor/Fun 5
5. Caring 2
Self-Esteem
6. Respect 2
Relationship
1 2
10 5 6
7. Responsibility 4
Survival
8. Positive Attitude 5
37

38. Top Results Current Culture (16)
Current Experience Level
Top Eleven Values
Being of Service 1. Bureaucracy 3
2. Wasted Resources 3
Making a Difference
3. Uncertainty about Future 1
Internal Cohesion 4. Unemployment 1
5. Crime/Violence 1
Transformation 9
6. Corruption 1
Self-Esteem 1 2 7. Materialistic 1
8. Poverty 1
Relationship 10 11
10
9. Freedom of Speech 4
Survival 3 4 5 6 7 8 10. Blame 2
11. Conflict/Aggression 2
Limiting Values: % Cultural Entropy 38

39. Top Results Desired Culture (16)
Desired Experience
Being of Service Top Eight Values Level
1 8
1. Concern for the Future 7
Making a Difference 2
2. Quality of Life 6
Internal Cohesion 3. Employment Opps 1
Transformation 5 6 4. Affordable Housing 1
5. Caring for the Elderly 4
Self-Esteem
6. Social Justice 4
Relationship 10
7. Poverty Reduction 1
Survival
3 4 7 8. Peace 7
39

40. From Wealth and
Productivity to …
Wellbeing and
Prosperity
A Shift in Consciousness
National Values Assessments
Transformational Change
40

41. Integral Theory - AQAL
INDIVIDUAL
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
I IT
Ken Wilber
WE ITS
COLLECTIVE
Whole Systems Change
41

42. Integral Theory - AQAL
INNER WORLD OUTER WORLD
Psychology Physiology
V
A Spirituality Skills/Behavior
L How we feel How we act
U
E Wellbeing Public Policy
S
Culture Social Systems
Shared Values Delegations
Community Governance
42

43. Nedbank: Culture Evolution
1. client‐driven 1. accountability 1. accountability
1. cost‐consciousness 1. cost‐consciousness
2. accountability 2. client‐driven 2. client‐driven
2. profit 2. accountability
3. client sa2sfac2on 3. client sa2sfac2on 3. client sa2sfac2on
3. accountability 3. client‐driven
4. cost‐consciousness 4. community involvement 4. cost‐consciousness
4. community involvement 4. client sa2sfac2on
5. community involvement 5. achievement 5. community involvement
5. client‐driven 5. results orientaAon
6. performance driven 6. cost‐consciousness 6. achievement
6. process‐driven 6. performance driven
7. PROFIT 7. teamwork 7. teamwork
7. bureaucracy (L) 7. profit
8. achievement 8. performance driven 8. employee recogni2on
8. results orientaAon 8. bureaucracy (L)
9. being the best 9. being the best 9. being the best
9. client sa2sfac2on 9. teamwork
10. results orientaAon 10. delivery 10. performance driven
10. silo mentality (L) 10. community involvement
3 matches 4 matches 4 matches 5 matches 6 matches
25% 19% 17% 14% 13%
Cultural Entropy 43

44. Nedbank: Survey Response Rate
63.0%
Number of Participants
50.4%
35.5%
28.0%
20.2%
28,898 employees in 2009
44

45. Nedbank: People Engagement
45

46. Nedbank: Financial Impact
Share Price grew
on average 20.4% (CAGR)
per year from 2004 to 2007
Revenue grew
on average 16.9% (CAGR)
per year from 2004 to 2007
CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate
46

47. Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration - 6
YES WE CAN! The true strength of our
nation comes from … the enduring power
of our ideals: democracy, liberty,
opportunity and unyielding hope. …
This is our
time … to
restore
prosperity
and promote
the cause of
peace …
47

48. 300 Government, NGOs & Institution Leaders
+ 1300 Citizens from the voting register chose to
help the government rebuild a values-driven nation
Themes: Education, Economy, Equal rights, Family,
Environment, Public Administration, Welfare, Sustainability
48

49. 49

50. Work and Social Assistance Act
2004
Chronically unemployed Using
the Values Assessment and
Engagement Tools introducing
them to levels 4, 5 and 6
Consciousness
40% of the 300 clients in work!
Govt saved EUR 420,000
50

51. The Benefits of Values Assessments
They Give People a Voice as well as a Vote
They Raise Self-Awareness and Full Spectrum Awareness
They Act as a Warning Signal of Crisis and Revolution
They Help to Set Priorities – Create a Compass
They offer Longitudinal Data
The Alignment of Life Expectations
with Life Experience as a result of
Our Level of Self-Expression …
 Wellbeing, Prosperity and Peace
51

52. Thank you
Measuring Wellbeing is, in and of itself,
a Paradigm Shift in Conscious Evolution
of the People on the Planet …
National Values Assessments are part of the Solution!
I Propose to run a Values Assessment in New Zealand
in 2013
Thank you. I welcome your Questions, Comments
and Suggestions. And I thank the MGSM and the
Values Centre for bringing me here today.
52

53. Thank you
I invite your Questions, Suggestions and Support
I am very grateful for the support of the Barrett Values
Centre in contributing to this presentation, and the
Macquarie Graduate School of Management in
sponsoring my presence here today.
53