Eskwela ict basics

Responsible Use of ICT – End User Training
End-User Training for Novice ICT
Users
eSkwela team
APEC Training Program for Preventive Education on ICT Misuse

Concepts of ICT
Proper Handling of Computers
Keyboard and Mouse Operation
Linux Desktop Environment
File Management

CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION ANDCONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Concepts of Information and Communication Technology
3. Online opinion
What is Data?What is Data?
 Refers to the facts and
figures relating to events that
take place
 refers to things “known”
 a collection of independent raw
facts, numbers, letters, symbols

3. Online opinion
What is Information?What is Information?
• Information is data that is made
meaningful based on the needs of the
user through manipulation.
• A computer can only process
data and create new data.
The data have to be
interpreted to yield the
information
1+1 = 2

3. Online opinion
Desirable Qualities of InformationDesirable Qualities of Information
 Relevance
 Completeness
 Timeliness
 Accuracy
 Cost Effective
R
ELEV
A
N
C
E
COMPLETENESS
TIMELINESS
ACCURACY
COST EFFECTIVE

3. Online opinion
Data Processing ConceptsData Processing Concepts
Input-Process-Output Model
 Refers to a conceptual framework wherein input in
the form of data is processed which would result in
the generation of an output in the form of
information.
PROCESS
DATA INFORMATION
INPUT OUTPUT

Data Processing CyclesData Processing Cycles
Flow of data from
the moment it is
recorded until the
time it becomes a
usable piece of
information
Origination
Input
Preparation
Processing
Output
Preparation
Storage
Feedback

3. Online opinion
What is Information Technology?What is Information Technology?
• Information Technology (IT) is the totality of
means employed to systematically collect, process,
store, present, and share information, in support of
human intellectual activities.
• Information Technology is also known as
Information and Communications Technology
(ICT)

What is CommunicationWhat is Communication
Technology?Technology?
 The electronic transfer of information from one location to
another
• DATA COMMUNICATIONS or DATACOM refers to digital
transmission.
• TELECOMMUNICATIONS or TELECOM refers to a mix of
voice and data, both analog and digital
• NETWORKING refers specifically to LANs
and WANs. Transmission of information
over the network
WANWAN

What is Computer?What is Computer?
Computer is an electronic data processing machine
capable of performing mathematical and logical
operations and processing large volumes of data at
high speed

Capabilities of ComputerCapabilities of Computer
• Ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations
• Ability to store and retrieve information
• Ability to handle large volumes of repetitive tasks
accurately
• Can communicate with its operators and other
machines.
• Capable of remote processing

Limitations of ComputerLimitations of Computer
• Information is provided by a human being
• Can detect but cannot correct an inaccurate entry
by itself
• Subject to occasional breakdown

Computer System ComponentsComputer System Components
• Dataware
The systematic and organized collection of data and
procedures relevant to the organization
• Peopleware
The personnel who manage the EDP system, who design
applications, who write and encode the programs
• Hardware
The computer and all of its physical components such as disk
drives, printer, input terminals
• Software
The non-physical components such as computer programs,
computer language and operating system

The DatawareThe Dataware
 Specifies the manner in which data will be obtained
and prepared

The PeoplewareThe Peopleware
 Personnel involved in the design, development,
installation and maintenance of computer

The HardwareThe Hardware
 Refers to the equipment/devices that make the
computer system perform one or more functions
 Computer and all of its other physical components
Functional Components
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Central Processing Unit
 Secondary Storage Unit
Data Communication Devices

Input DevicesInput Devices
 Handle the entering in of programs and data
through the keyboard or other input devices
Keyboard Mouse
Joystick and wheel
Touch Screen
Stylus and Digital Pen
Digital Camera and Web Camera
Scanner
Bar Code Reader
Image source: Discovering Computers 2008

Output DevicesOutput Devices
 Translate the result of computer processing into
human readable form through the monitor or printer

Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
 Heart of the computer which handles the entire
operation of the system
 Also known as the central processor and sometimes
the brain of the computer system

StorageStorage
 Also known as the secondary memory which serves
as the storage area of the computer system

The Parts of the ComputerThe Parts of the Computer
image from http://www.pcguide.com/intro/over.htm

((Internal Parts of System UnitInternal Parts of System Unit))

The SoftwareThe Software
 Refers to the non-physical components, such as the
operating system and the machine coded
instructions that direct and control the different
hardware facilities
Types of Software
 System Software
 Application Software

System SoftwareSystem Software
• Provides an interface between the programmers and operators
and between the hardware system and the application
software
 Operating Systems
Supervises the overall operation of the computer, controls the
flow of programs in and out of the system, switches
input/output machines and calls program from storage

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Refers to programs designed to perform specific data
processing tasks for a particular application

Usually written by the vendor or user that contains the logic to
update and maintain a company’s records or files to ease the
burden of day-to-day operation of the company

Proper Use of ComputersProper Use of Computers

Proper Use of Computers
VDT SyndromeVDT Syndrome
• VDT Syndrome
Is health problem caused by wrong use of the
computer and once
VDT's (Visual Display Terminals) place a significant level
of strain on our eyes. Anyone who uses one often can
attest to this fact. In some studies, up to 80% of VDT
users report 'Computer Vision Syndrome' symptoms of
eyestrain. The reason for this prevalence comes from
both ergonomic and physiologic factors.
-http://www.visionarts.ca/vdtuse.htm

VDT SyndromesVDT Syndromes
VDT Syndromes are as follows.
① Carpal tunnel syndrome: Pain at the hand and
the wrist and fingers become numbed.
② Myofascial pain syndrome: Stiffness or sharp
pain at the back of neck, shoulder or waist.
③ Turtle neck syndrome: Forms a bent back pose
with head forward.
④ Visual system indisposition syndrome: Loss of
sights or develop eye diseases like keratitis or
conjunctivitis.
.

Preventing VDTPreventing VDT
• Ergonomics is the science of designing equipment of a
safe and comfortable working environment. Computer
Ergonomics is about things that you can do to make
working on a computer more comfortable and safer for
your body.
• Ergonomic factors are now fairly well understood by
most VDT users: have a comfortable chair, good lighting
(free of glare), quality monitor with high refresh rate,
etc.
http://www.visionarts.ca/vdtuse.htm

• Lower the monitor and increase room humidity.
• Place the computer 10~20 degrees below the eye
level.
• Wear protective glasses.
• Take 15mins break for every hour.
• Distance from user to monitor should be more than
50cm, your fingertips touching the monitor when
stretched out.
• Choose monitor or computer models that produce
less electromagnetic waves.

Preventing VDT
• Clean the monitors to prevent reflection from stains
or dusts.
• Use blinds or curtains to prevent from monitor to
reflect lights.
• Lower the brightness of the monitor.
• Avoid colors that provokes the eyes.
• Sit properly at the chair with your back straight and
body close to the desk.
• Feet should be placed on the floor and relaxed. Do
not cross your legs..

VDT Prevention Daily ExerciseVDT Prevention Daily Exercise
Arm Exercise Wrist Exercise Shoulder Exercise
Neck Exercise
Whole Body Exercise

Proper Workstation DesignProper Workstation Design
1. Position in a well-ventilated room.
2. Use an adjustable workstation: ergonomic
computer chairs.
3. Place the monitor 16 to 24 inches away, at eye
level or slightly at a lower angle. Tilt the monitor or
adjust the light source. Adjust the brightness and
contrast settings.
4. Use extendable/retractable legs of the keyboard.
5. Mouse must be easily accessible by your dominant
hand.
6. Use a document holder to minimize vertical head
movements.

Proper Workstation DesignProper Workstation Design
http://www.funonthenet.in/images/stories/forwards/correct%20postures/posture1.jpg
• Position in a well-ventilated room
• Use a document holder to
minimize vertical head movements
•Use an adjustable workstation:
ergonomic computer chairs.

Good PostureGood Posture
http://www.funonthenet.in/images/stories/forwards/correct%20postures/posture1.jpg

Good Working HabitsGood Working Habits
• Tap on the keys/mouse buttons gently.
• Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing.
– Take short stretch breaks, ideally every 20 minutes, to
prevent fatigue.
– Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods.
– Take vision breaks: Focus on objects at least 20 feet away.
– Do eye exercises.

MOUSE AND KEYBOARDMOUSE AND KEYBOARD
OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

Mouse and Keyboard Operations
Mouse OperationsMouse Operations
• A mouse is a handheld pointing device for computers. It is fitted
with one or more buttons and shaped to fit naturally under the
hand, and is used to select and move objects on the screen.
• Mouse Pointer: Often in the form of an arrow, represents the
movement of the mouse or any pointing device on the screen.
Used to point to selected areas, icons, applications, text, objects,
etc.

Mouse OperationsMouse Operations
• Point. Moving the mouse to the desired location and pointing to the object.
• Click. Pressing the left mouse button
• Double Click. Pressing the left mouse button twice. Used to start or open an
application
• Drag. Holding down the left mouse button while moving the mouse
• Click and Drag. Action for highlighting a selection. Point the mouse button at
the start of the selection, and then click and drag the mouse to the end of the
selection.
• Drag and Drop. Action for moving an object or selection. Click on the object
and hold down the mouse button, drag the object to desired location, and drop
to the new destination by releasing the mouse button.

PointersPointers
Different pointers you will encounter:
• Mouse pointer (Normal Arrow): Appears if you have a mouse
installed and it is used to point or to select a command or objects.
• Resizing Arrow: Two-headed arrow that appears at the window
borders to resize a window.
• Insertion Arrow/Cursor: The I-beam that you usually see when
you are working on a document, showing the exact
location/position where you can type or insert text or graphic.

KeyboardKeyboard

LINUX DESKTOP ENVIRONMENTLINUX DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT

Linux Operating SystemLinux Operating System
• Linux is an operating system that is used today to run a variety of
applications on a variety of different hardware. It is a multitasking
and a multi-user operating system that has the ability to manage
thousands of tasks at the same time, including allowing several
users to access the system simultaneously.

Edubuntu LinuxEdubuntu Linux
• Edubuntu is a complete Linux-based operating system, freely
available with community- based support.
• Some highlights of Edubuntu
– most of the KDE Edutainment Suite: a collection of fun educational
software (for science, Math, language)
– Gcomprise: huge collection of activities for the kindergarten. It gently
introduces kids to basic computer use, then it builds on that by expanding
to basic maths, reading activities, and more.
– Tux4Kids: includes TuxPaint, TuxMaths, and TuxTyping
– Schooltool
– OpenOffice suite
– Scribus desktop publishing: alternative to Pagemaker

Log in to EdubuntuLog in to Edubuntu
• Log in to the system to begin a session. To login (also log in, log
on, sign on) is the to access a computer system by entering your
user name so that you get credentials that will let the system give
you access. It is an integral part of computer security procedure.
• The use of a computer login procedure provides an audit trail for
use of the system.
• Username: Used in preference to the full name of the user,
although that also is allowed.
• Password: Another sequence of characters, kept secret from
others, that provides the user with a key to get into the system

Linux Operating System
Edubuntu Login ScreenEdubuntu Login Screen

Overview of GNOMEOverview of GNOME
• GNOME is the GNU graphical desktop, the default
desktop environment on Ubuntu, as well as Edubuntu. It
provides you with file managers, network browsers,
menus, and system tools.

Desktop EnvironmentDesktop Environment

Desktop EnvironmentDesktop Environment
• Desktop: Where icons or symbolic representations of frequently
used files and folders may be placed. GNOME provides multiple
desktops, each of which has its own windows.
• Panel: Located at the top of the screen, used to start applications
and administer your system; contains the pulldown menus for
Applications, Places, System, and other icons which help you
start an application when clicked (e.g. Mozilla Firefox, Mail, and
Help)
• Taskbar: Located at the bottom of the desktop, used to switch
between and manage currently running applications.

Parts of Application WindowParts of Application Window

• Title Bar: Shows the name of the application or document. If
more than one window is open, the title bar for the active window
has a different color compared to the title bars of inactive
windows.
• Standard buttons on their title bar
– Minimize button: Reduces the window to a button on the task bar.
Window is still open, just inactive.
– Maximize button: To make your window occupy the entire desktop.
– Restore button: To bring back the size of the window to its previous size
(click the Restore button if the window is maximized or click the window
button from the taskbar if the window is minimized).
– Close button: To close the current window or exit the application.

• Menu Bar: A menu contains a list of commands, or actions you
can carry out with windows. Most applications have a File menu,
an Edit menu, and a Help menu.
• Toolbar : A row, column, or block of onscreen buttons or icons
that activate certain functions of the program – serving as
shortcuts to commands.
• Status Bar: A horizontal line of information displayed at the
bottom or top of an application window that reports information
about the current state of the program or the data contents in the
window.

• Scroll Bars: A horizontal or vertical bar that contains a
box that looks like an elevator in a shaft.
• Two types of Scroll Bars:
1. Horizontal Scroll Bar: located at the bottom of a window or
application.
2. Vertical Scroll Bar: located at the right side of a window or
application.

Working with Application WindowsWorking with Application Windows
• Opening a window
Double-click any icon from the Desktop or choose the
application from the Panel.

Moving a window to a different location
a. Drag the Title bar of the window to the new location. As
you move the mouse pointer, an outline of the window
moves with it.
b. Release the mouse button.
c. To cancel the move, press ESC before releasing the
mouse.

Resizing a window
Use the Resizing Arrow to resize a window to the desired size.
The minimum size for all windows is about 2 inches by 1 inch.
Some windows, like the dialogue boxes, cannot be resized.

Switching Between Windows
Using the Taskbar – Click with the left mouse button on
the appropriate taskbar button. This will bring you to the
selected application immediately.

Getting HelpGetting Help
Help is available basically everywhere:
• On the desktop, just use the right mouse button and
choose Help On Desktop.
• On the panel, click the Question Mark button.
• All help is HTML–based, so using the help system is as
easy as using your favorite web browser.

Changing the DesktopChanging the Desktop
BackgroundBackground
GNOME allows you to choose what image or pattern you have as
your desktop's background.
1. From the Panel, choose Preferences.
2. Click on the Desktop Background (the Desktop Background
dialogue box will appear)
3. Check the Fill Screen button to configure the wallpaper on the
desktop.
4. You can also choose the Desktop color by clicking the Desktop
Colors button.
5. Click the Close button if you are done setting up the Desktop
Background.

Setting Up Screen SaverSetting Up Screen Saver
• A screensaver is a moving pattern or bitmap that appears
on your monitor after you have not used your computer
for a specified amount to time. Screensavers can reduce
the wear of your screen and provide security for your
system.

Configuring Desktop
Selecting a Screensaver
1. From the Panel, choose System.
2. Select Preferences and click Screensaver.
3. The Screensaver dialog box will appear.
4. Select a screensaver from the list.
5. To configure the selected Screensaver, click the Settings
button and a Dialog box will appear.

Configuring Desktop
Testing a Screensaver
• From the Screensaver dialog box, choose Preview and
the selected Screensaver will appear.
Stopping a Screensaver
• To return to the application window (i.e. your returning
to your “work”) when the Screensaver is on your screen,
move the mouse or click any key from the keyboard to
reactivate the monitor.

Terminating a Linux SessionTerminating a Linux Session
Logging Out
1. From the Panel, choose System.
2. Click Logout and a dialog box will appear.
3. Choose an option below on how you want your system
to behave:
– Logout
– Shutdown
– Restart the computer
– Hibernate the computer

FILE MANAGEMENTFILE MANAGEMENT

File Management
Managing FilesManaging Files
• The File Browser is a powerful tool that can help organize your
files and directories.
• You use File Browser to manage your files and directories like
moving, copying, starting an application, and many others.
• To start the File Browser application, click on Computer from the
Places menu on the Panel.
• A common metaphor for graphical desktops is the use of folders
to represent directories on your hard disk. Folders contain files
and other folders.

File Management
Managing FilesManaging Files

File Management
Identifying files and directoriesIdentifying files and directories
• You can use File Browser to work with files and
directories individually or in groups.
• To the left of each filename or directory name in
the Contents list is an icon to help you identify
its type.
• In File Browser, each filename or directory name
has an icon next to it, indicating what kind of file
it is. This is called loon.

File Management
Creating Files or DirectoriesCreating Files or Directories
To create a directory:
1. From the Panel, click the Places menu.
2. Choose the Computer command from the Menu and the
Computer File Browser dialogue box will appear.
3. Choose the destination of the folder/directory.
4. Right-click on the right pane and choose Create Folder.
5. Type the folder/directory name.

File Management
Creating Files or DirectoriesCreating Files or Directories
To create an empty file:
1.From the Computer File Browser, choose the
destination of the file.
2.Right-click on the right pane and choose Create
Document > Empty File.
3.Type the filename.

File Management
Copying Files or DirectoriesCopying Files or Directories
To copy a file:
1. From the File Browser, choose the file you want to copy.
2. Right-click the file and choose the Copy command.
3. Select the destination of the file you want to copy.
4. Right-click the selected destination and choose the Paste
command.

File Management
Copying Files or DirectoriesCopying Files or Directories
To copy a folder or directory:
1. From the File Browser, right-click the folder or directory
you want to copy and then choose the Copy command.
2. Right-click on the selected destination and then choose
Paste.

File Management
Moving Files or DirectoriesMoving Files or Directories
To move a file:
1. From the File Browser, choose the file you want to
move.
2. Right-click the file and click the Cut command.
4. Right-click the selected destination and choose the Paste
command or Paste in
5. Folder if you want to put the file inside a folder.

File Management
Moving Files or DirectoriesMoving Files or Directories
To move a folder or directory:
1. From the File Browser, choose the directory you want to
move.
2. Right-click the file and click the Cut command.
4. Right-click the selected destination and click the Paste
command.

File Management
Renaming Files or DirectoriesRenaming Files or Directories
To rename a file:
rename.
2. Right-click the file and click the Rename command.
3. Type the new filename and then press the Enter key.

File Management
Renaming Files or DirectoriesRenaming Files or Directories
To rename a folder or directory:
1. From the File Browser, choose the directory you want to
rename.
2. Right-click the file and click the Rename command.
3. Type the new folder or directory name and then press the
Enter key.

File Management
Deleting Files or DirectoriesDeleting Files or Directories
• File deletion, or removing a file from a computer's file
system, is done for the following reasons:
– To free up the disk space
– To remove duplicate or unnecessary data to avoid confusion
– To make sensitive information unavailable to others

File Management
To delete a file:
delete.
2. Press the Delete button from the keyboard.

File Management
To delete a folder or directory:
1. From the File Browser, choose the folder or directory
you want to delete.
2. Press the Delete button from the keyboard.

File Management
• The common problem with deleting files is accidental
removal of information that later proves to be important.
• Precautionary measures:
– back up your files regularly
– move them the trash, temporary place where they are kept
until one is really low on free space
– mark important files as read-only

File Management
Viewing Contents of Drives orViewing Contents of Drives or
DirectoriesDirectories
Changing Folders or Directories:
• You can display the content of a resource available on
your system by clicking the resource from the Side
Pane.
1. Click a resource on the Side Pane and the content of the
resource will be displayed on the right half of the File
Browser.
2. To change the folder or directory being viewed, double-click
on the Folder or Directory you want to view.

File Management
Displaying Subfolders andDisplaying Subfolders and
subdirectoriessubdirectories
• If the folder or directory you want is not displayed,
expand that particular folder or directory by clicking the
arrow beside the resource.
1. Click the folder or directory whose contents you want to
view.
2. To go back, click the Back button from the Toolbar.

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