1. What’s inside the earth that
causes earthquakes and
volcanoes?

2. What’s inside the earth that causes
earthquakes and volcanoes?
• The Earth’s structure and plate movement
• The Earth has four main layers – the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the
crust.
• The inner core is 5,500°C - extremely hot. It is a very dense solid made from iron and
nickel.
• The outer core is 2,000 km thick and is a liquid.
• The mantle is semi-molten and about 3,000 km thick.
• The crust is the rocky outer layer. It is thin compared to the other sections,
approximately 5 to 70 km thick. If the Earth was scaled down to the size of an apple,
the crust would be about the thickness of the apple skin. The crust is made up of
pieces called plates. There are two types of crust: oceanic and continental crust. The
oceanic crust is found under the sea and is thinner and less dense than the
continental crust.

3. Outer core
Crust
Mantle
Inner core
Attach labels and descriptions to the correct
part of the diagram.
What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

4. Convection currents
Heat from the core causes
convection currents in the
mantle.
These currents slowly move
the crust around.
In some places the crust is
destroyed. In other places
new crust is formed.

5. • Convection currents are currents that are
made up of _______ rock that move in
all directions in the ________ . As a
result the ______ above all move in
__________ directions too.
mantle different plates molten
Have a look at this.....
Convection currents

6. Journey to the
centre of the earth task!
• This book is about the quest to the centre of
the earth. The expedition is led by Professor
Otto Liedenbrock and includes Axel and their
Icelandic guide Hans. Liedenbrock stumbles
upon this discovery when he was going
through a runic script. In the runic script he
discovers a coded message written by an
Icelandic alchemist Arne Saknussemm, saying
that he has been to the centre of the earth. He
goes on to describe how exactly he did it. So
Professor Otto Liedenbrock, Axel, and Hans
go to Sneffels where they are let down by
cloudy skies. But on the last day the sun
comes out and they enter the correct crater.
Once in they face many mishaps like being in
a chamber filled with combustible gas and
face several prehistoric creatures. After the
journey they return to Hamburg to great
acclaim--Professor Liedenbrock is hailed as
one of the greatest scientists of history, Axel
marries his sweetheart Graüben, and Hans
eventually returns to his peaceful life in
Iceland.
What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

7. Journey to the
centre of the earth task!
• On a quest to find out
what happened to his
missing brother, a
scientist, his nephew
and their mountain guide
discover a fantastic and
dangerous lost world in
the centre of the earth.
• Watch this.....
What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

8. Journey to the
centre of the earth task!
• You need to imagine that you have been asked to plan
a mission to the centre of the earth! Some of which
must be fact, but of course you can add some fiction
to make your journey an exciting adventure.
• You will need to travel through the crust, mantle and
core to see what is there!
• You will also need to design your vehicle that will take
you there. E.g. titanium steel, fuel rods, food supplies,
etc.
What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

9. Journey to the
centre of the earth task!
• Geography Success criteria;
– Use key words that make up the
layers
– Describe the layers in accurate
detail (you may want to do some
research)
– Mention the two different types
of crust (research and on the
‘Extra Sheet’). (could you start
your journey going through the
sea?)
– Include the names of specific
types of rocks that you may
travel through (Extra Sheet)
What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

10. Homework!
• Complete your Journey to the Centre
of the Earth poster.
• Remember to have different pictures
and bits of information about the 3
different layers that you will hopefully
pass through!
• This homework is over 2 weeks
What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?