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Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous Rock
Igneous rock is formed from molten rock that
hardened into a solid state.
Forming Igneous Rocks
Types of Igneous Rock
• There are two types of igneous rock:
Extrusive, which forms from lava that hardens on
Earth’s surface.
Intrusive, which forms from magma that hardens
beneath Earth’s surface.
Extrusive Rock

Lava Cools Quickly
and Hardens into
Extrusive Rock

Molten Rock Above Surface (Lava)
Extrusive rock formation - cooling lava
Intrusive Rock

Molten Rock
Below Surface
(Magma)

When the Volcano Stops Erupting, the Magma
Cools Slowly and Hardens into Intrusive Rock
Igneous Rock Types

Granite
Coarse grained
Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock is made of sediment that has
been deposited, compacted, and cemented.
Sedimentary Rock - layers
Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE
Types of Sedimentary Rock
• There are three types of sedimentary rock:
Clastic, which is formed when rock fragments are
squeezed together.
Organic, which forms when the remains of plants
and animals are deposited in thick layers.
Chemical, which forms when minerals that are
dissolved in a solution crystallize.
Sedimentary Rock
Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE
Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock is any rock that has gone
under immense heat and pressure to
transform into another rock.
How Metamorphic Rocks are Formed
HEAT AND PRESSURE
Earth’s Crust
Magma

Rock
Layers
Metamorphic Rock Forming
Types of Metamorphic Rock
• There are two types of Metamorphic rock:
Foliated, which is when the rock grains are
arranged in parallel layers or bands.
Nonfoliated, which is when the rock grains are
arranged randomly.
Foliated Rock
Nonfoliated Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Foliated Metamorphic Rock –Slate
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock - Marble
The Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle

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