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CGC Technical Campus,
                     Jhanjeri
               Presentation on environmental Pollution
    Presented by
     Abhilasha                   Branch:- CSE
     Akash sharma                Section:- A+B
     Akash grewal
     Akshat
     Akshay
     Aman bhau                  Presented to:-
     Amit Dhanjal                Ms.Shilpa
     Amit kaushik                (EVS lecturer)
     Amandeep
1
POLLUTION

    There are many kinds of pollution :-
              1.Air pollution
              2.Water pollution
              3.Soil Pollution
              4.Marine Pollution
              5.Noise Pollution
              6.Thermal pollution
2
AIR POLLUTION




3
Outline of Presentation:
Air Pollution
 Definition
 Types
 Air Pollutants
 Sources of Air Pollutants
 Impacts of Air Pollution
 Air Pollution Control




 4
Definition:
             The phenomena of presence of one or more
    contaminants in air due to natural phenomena or by
    human activities in such amount and duration that
    may adversely affect human, animals or plants life
    , property or comfort is called Air Pollution.




5
Types Of Air Pollution:
These are of 2 types:
1- Indoor Air Pollution (inside home) :-
 Smoking,
 Stove,
 Insecticide,
 Cosmetics,
 Cleaning
  material, etc.




 6
2- Outdoor Air Pollution:
 Atmospheric Air Pollution
 Vehicles,
 Factories,
 Volcanic
eruption etc.




 7
Air Pollutants/ Contaminants:
The substances which contaminate air are called air
 pollutants.
Air Pollutants are categorized in Two broad
 Categories:

(a) Primary:
Primary pollutants are those released directly into
  the air. Such as CO, NO2, SO2 etc.

(b) Secondary:
Primary Pollutants are converted into other
  compounds in atmosphere due to chemical
  8
  reaction with each other or Photochemical
9
Sources of Air Pollutants:
There are Two main sources:-
1- Natural Sources:
Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen
  dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds, and
  natural radioactivity.




 10
2- Human-made sources:
Burning fuels (mobile or stationary), power plants
  , fertilizers , fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish
  and many cleaning products.




11
Main Air Pollutants:
 There are several air pollutants, but Six of them are
   very common which are known as “ Criteria
   Pollutants” which are :-
1) Carbon mono oxide (CO)
2) Lead (Pb)
3) Nitrogen di-oxide (NO2)
4) Ozone (O3)
5) Sulphur di-oxide (SO2)
6) Particulate Matter




12
Main Pollutants and their health
 Impacts:
1- Carbon Monoxide:
 Colorless, odorless & toxic gas.
 Formed when carbon-containing fuel is not burned
  completely.
 Motor vehicles are the predominant source of
  carbon monoxide.
Impacts:
 Decrease  O2 carrying capacity of blood
 Weakens heart contraction
 Affects lungs and brain function
13
2- Lead (Pb):
 Highly toxic metal used in household products,
 Automobile fuel,
 Industrial chemicals.
 Airborne lead associated automobile exhaust.




Impacts:
 Damage central nerves system.
 Damaging mental development of young children.

14
3- Ozone (O3):
 Ozone is a pungent-smelling, colorless gas.
 The highest ozone levels occur on hot summer
 afternoons.

Impacts:
 Reduce lungs function.
 Weakens the immune system.
 Skin cancer.
 Destroy crops & forest.




 15
4- Sulphur Dioxide (SO2):
 Belongs to a family of gases called sulphur
  oxides (SOX).
 Roughly one-third of atmospheric sulfur
  compounds come from human-made sources.
 Of this one-third, only 5% of SO2 emissions
  come from mobile sources.

Impacts:
 Respiratory and pulmonary difficulties;
 React with NOX and other chemicals cause acid
  rain.
16
5-Nitrogen Oxides (NOX):
 Comprise a family of highly reactive gases
(NO2 ,NO and N2O).
 The burning of fossil fuels, produce NO and NO2.
 In the atmosphere, NO reacts to form NO2.


Impacts:
 NO2 is a lung irritant,
 Cause of acid rain,
 Cause ground level ozone.




17
6- Particulate Matter (PM):
 PM either solid particles or liquid droplets.
 Measured in micrometers (µm).


Impacts:
 Inhaled and lodged in the lungs and produce
  respiratory illness.




18
Impacts of Air pollution on
     Environment
      Acid Rain
      Global warming and Green House effects
      Ozone Layer Depletion
      Smog




19
ACID RAIN
 Acid rain is caused when the
   pollutants combine with
   water droplets in the air
 Acid rain increases acidity
   of Soil and Water ,thus
   affecting land , flora and
   fauna
 It corrodes buildings
   , monuments, bridges and
   railing etc.
 Buildings like Taj Mahal
   , British parliament , and
20
   many buildings and
Global Warming and Green
     House effect
 The increase in the
   temperature of atmosphere
   due to presence of CO2 is
   called “Green House
   Effect”
 If CO2 concentration is
   increased more Infra red
   radiations will the trapped
   leading to global rise in
   temperature called “global
   warming”
 Global warming has lead to
21
   melting of ice caps and
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
 Chemicals released by our
   activities affect the
   stratosphere .
 The release of CFC’s from
   heating , aerosol cans , and
   refrigeration equipments
   leads to depletion of ozone
   layer
 Ozone layer protects us
   from the UV rays but due to
   depletion of ozone layer
   , exposure to U.V
22 radiations has lead to
   many serious problems.
SMOG
 Smog is a type of large
   scale outdoor pollution .
 Smog is a combination of
   smoke and fog.
 It is of 2 types:-
   photochemical and coal
   induced smog
 Photochemical – is a
   mixture of pollutants
   which includes
   particulates , nitrogen
   oxides etc.
   Coal induced –formed by
 23
SOLUTIONS
         Stationary Source Air Pollution

Prevention                                 Dispersion or
                                           Cleanup
Burn low-sulfur coal
                                           Disperse emissions
                                           above thermal
                                           inversion layer with tall
Remove sulfur from                         smokestacks
coal
                                           Remove pollutants
Convert coal to a                          after combustion
liquid or gaseous
fuel

Shift to less polluting                    Tax each unit of
energy sources                             pollution produced

                                                                 Fig. 18-22, p. 491
SOLUTIONS
                   Motor Vehicle Air Pollution
Prevention                                       Cleanup
Use mass transit                                 Require emission
Walk or bike                                     control devices

Use less
polluting fuels
Improve fuel                                      Inspect car
efficiency                                        exhaust systems
                                                  twice a year
Get older, polluting
cars off the road
Give large tax write-
offs or rebates for
buying low-                                       Set strict
polluting, energy                                 emission
efficient vehicles                                standards
                                                           Fig. 18-23, p. 491
SOLUTIONS
                     Air Pollution
Outdoor                              Indoor
Improve energy efficiency            Reduce poverty
to reduce fossil fuel use

Rely more on lower-                  Distribute cheap and
polluting natural gas                efficient cookstoves or
                                     solar cookers to poor
Rely more on                         families in developing
renewable energy                     countries
(especially solar cells,
wind, and solar-
produced hydrogen)                   Reduce or ban
                                     indoor smoking
Transfer energy
efficiency, renewable                Develop simple and
energy, and pollution                cheap tests for indoor
prevention technologies              pollutants such as
to developing countries              particulates, radon, and
                                     formaldehyde

                                                                Fig. 18-26, p. 493
Thank You




27

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Air pollution

  • 1. CGC Technical Campus, Jhanjeri Presentation on environmental Pollution Presented by  Abhilasha Branch:- CSE  Akash sharma Section:- A+B  Akash grewal  Akshat  Akshay  Aman bhau  Presented to:-  Amit Dhanjal Ms.Shilpa  Amit kaushik (EVS lecturer)  Amandeep 1
  • 2. POLLUTION There are many kinds of pollution :- 1.Air pollution 2.Water pollution 3.Soil Pollution 4.Marine Pollution 5.Noise Pollution 6.Thermal pollution 2
  • 4. Outline of Presentation: Air Pollution  Definition  Types  Air Pollutants  Sources of Air Pollutants  Impacts of Air Pollution  Air Pollution Control 4
  • 5. Definition: The phenomena of presence of one or more contaminants in air due to natural phenomena or by human activities in such amount and duration that may adversely affect human, animals or plants life , property or comfort is called Air Pollution. 5
  • 6. Types Of Air Pollution: These are of 2 types: 1- Indoor Air Pollution (inside home) :-  Smoking,  Stove,  Insecticide,  Cosmetics,  Cleaning material, etc. 6
  • 7. 2- Outdoor Air Pollution:  Atmospheric Air Pollution  Vehicles,  Factories,  Volcanic eruption etc. 7
  • 8. Air Pollutants/ Contaminants: The substances which contaminate air are called air pollutants. Air Pollutants are categorized in Two broad Categories: (a) Primary: Primary pollutants are those released directly into the air. Such as CO, NO2, SO2 etc. (b) Secondary: Primary Pollutants are converted into other compounds in atmosphere due to chemical 8 reaction with each other or Photochemical
  • 9. 9
  • 10. Sources of Air Pollutants: There are Two main sources:- 1- Natural Sources: Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds, and natural radioactivity. 10
  • 11. 2- Human-made sources: Burning fuels (mobile or stationary), power plants , fertilizers , fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish and many cleaning products. 11
  • 12. Main Air Pollutants: There are several air pollutants, but Six of them are very common which are known as “ Criteria Pollutants” which are :- 1) Carbon mono oxide (CO) 2) Lead (Pb) 3) Nitrogen di-oxide (NO2) 4) Ozone (O3) 5) Sulphur di-oxide (SO2) 6) Particulate Matter 12
  • 13. Main Pollutants and their health Impacts: 1- Carbon Monoxide:  Colorless, odorless & toxic gas.  Formed when carbon-containing fuel is not burned completely.  Motor vehicles are the predominant source of carbon monoxide. Impacts:  Decrease O2 carrying capacity of blood  Weakens heart contraction  Affects lungs and brain function 13
  • 14. 2- Lead (Pb):  Highly toxic metal used in household products,  Automobile fuel,  Industrial chemicals.  Airborne lead associated automobile exhaust. Impacts:  Damage central nerves system.  Damaging mental development of young children. 14
  • 15. 3- Ozone (O3):  Ozone is a pungent-smelling, colorless gas.  The highest ozone levels occur on hot summer afternoons. Impacts:  Reduce lungs function.  Weakens the immune system.  Skin cancer.  Destroy crops & forest. 15
  • 16. 4- Sulphur Dioxide (SO2):  Belongs to a family of gases called sulphur oxides (SOX).  Roughly one-third of atmospheric sulfur compounds come from human-made sources.  Of this one-third, only 5% of SO2 emissions come from mobile sources. Impacts:  Respiratory and pulmonary difficulties;  React with NOX and other chemicals cause acid rain. 16
  • 17. 5-Nitrogen Oxides (NOX):  Comprise a family of highly reactive gases (NO2 ,NO and N2O).  The burning of fossil fuels, produce NO and NO2.  In the atmosphere, NO reacts to form NO2. Impacts:  NO2 is a lung irritant,  Cause of acid rain,  Cause ground level ozone. 17
  • 18. 6- Particulate Matter (PM):  PM either solid particles or liquid droplets.  Measured in micrometers (µm). Impacts:  Inhaled and lodged in the lungs and produce respiratory illness. 18
  • 19. Impacts of Air pollution on Environment  Acid Rain  Global warming and Green House effects  Ozone Layer Depletion  Smog 19
  • 20. ACID RAIN  Acid rain is caused when the pollutants combine with water droplets in the air  Acid rain increases acidity of Soil and Water ,thus affecting land , flora and fauna  It corrodes buildings , monuments, bridges and railing etc.  Buildings like Taj Mahal , British parliament , and 20 many buildings and
  • 21. Global Warming and Green House effect  The increase in the temperature of atmosphere due to presence of CO2 is called “Green House Effect”  If CO2 concentration is increased more Infra red radiations will the trapped leading to global rise in temperature called “global warming”  Global warming has lead to 21 melting of ice caps and
  • 22. OZONE LAYER DEPLETION  Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere .  The release of CFC’s from heating , aerosol cans , and refrigeration equipments leads to depletion of ozone layer  Ozone layer protects us from the UV rays but due to depletion of ozone layer , exposure to U.V 22 radiations has lead to many serious problems.
  • 23. SMOG  Smog is a type of large scale outdoor pollution .  Smog is a combination of smoke and fog.  It is of 2 types:- photochemical and coal induced smog  Photochemical – is a mixture of pollutants which includes particulates , nitrogen oxides etc. Coal induced –formed by  23
  • 24. SOLUTIONS Stationary Source Air Pollution Prevention Dispersion or Cleanup Burn low-sulfur coal Disperse emissions above thermal inversion layer with tall Remove sulfur from smokestacks coal Remove pollutants Convert coal to a after combustion liquid or gaseous fuel Shift to less polluting Tax each unit of energy sources pollution produced Fig. 18-22, p. 491
  • 25. SOLUTIONS Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Prevention Cleanup Use mass transit Require emission Walk or bike control devices Use less polluting fuels Improve fuel Inspect car efficiency exhaust systems twice a year Get older, polluting cars off the road Give large tax write- offs or rebates for buying low- Set strict polluting, energy emission efficient vehicles standards Fig. 18-23, p. 491
  • 26. SOLUTIONS Air Pollution Outdoor Indoor Improve energy efficiency Reduce poverty to reduce fossil fuel use Rely more on lower- Distribute cheap and polluting natural gas efficient cookstoves or solar cookers to poor Rely more on families in developing renewable energy countries (especially solar cells, wind, and solar- produced hydrogen) Reduce or ban indoor smoking Transfer energy efficiency, renewable Develop simple and energy, and pollution cheap tests for indoor prevention technologies pollutants such as to developing countries particulates, radon, and formaldehyde Fig. 18-26, p. 493