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Multilingual Technical Communication

tcworld India 2011 Conference, Bangalore


Isabelle Fleury, Fleury & Fleury Consultants
Challenges

•    Number of document types increases
                                              MORE
•    Number of versions and variants grows
                                              FURTHER
•    Number of languages grows
                                              FASTER
•    Product life cycle gets shorter
•    Quality awareness grows                  BETTER



• BUT: Budget does not increase accordingly




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com            2
High Complexity


Technologies




                                                                                        Exchange
Processes              Develop           Author      Localize        Test    Launch


                                                         Your
Stakeholders                         Client              organiza-tion      Suppliers



                                                  Exchange



 © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                                                       3
Solutions: Reduce complexity and workload

                                              •   Tools
                                              •   Document structure
          Standardize                         •   Text
                                              •   Workflows
                                              •   Communication

                                              • Data
           Centralize
                                              • Process steps

                                              • Exchange of data
            Automate
                                              • Administration

© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                            4
Two areas of leverage




           Technical Writing                  Localization




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                  5
Technical Writing                  Localization




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                  6
Objectives for Multilingual Technical Writing

• Standardized document and information structures
    Enable reuse at a high level
• Clarity of expression
    Avoid misunderstanding, queries, errors and rework
• Consistency in style and terminology
    Reduce amount of new text, queries and enable
     reuse
• Translation-oriented authoring
    Allow for market-specific contents and enable
     processing by CAT-Tools


© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com               7
Consider Cultural and Market-Specific
  Characteritiscs while Writing

• Connotations: Cultural and historical references
• Meanings of colors
• Use of pictures

• Formal requirements: norms and directives
• Qualification profile of users




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com          8
Mind the Interdependences between
  Writing and Localization
• Command of authoring tools
    Impacts the degree of reuse of translated materials
     (match rate)
• Authors are not native speakers
    Causes comprehension issues
• Degree of completion at the start of localization
    Leads to rework and higher process complexity
• Education and experience as technical writer
    Awareness and ability to write for various target groups



© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                9
•    Please enter start date before or equal to the end date.
   •    Please enter a start date earlier than or the same as the end date.
   •    Please enter an actual start date earlier than the actual end date.
   •    The Start Date cannot exceed the End Date.
   •    The End Date cannot precede the Start Date.
   •    End Date must be later than Start Date.
   •    End date must be equal to or later than the start date.
   •    The end date must be later than or the same as the start date.
   •    End Time must be later than the Start Time.
   •    The valid grade's end date must be later than or equal to its start date.
   •    Please enter an End Date that is later than or the same as the Start Date.
   •    Competence end date has to be later than or equal to the start date.
   •    The start date cannot be later than the end date.
   •    The appraisal end date must be later than or equal to appraisal start date.
   •    The Effective start date cannot be later than the Effective end date.
   •    Date from cannot be later than date to.
   •    The start date must be on or before the end date.
   •    The Start Date cannot be after the End Date.
   •    Your end date must be after your start date.
   •    The end date cannot be before the start date.
   •    Start date must be before end date.
   •    Your start date must be before your end date.
   •    Enter a Start Date that is on or later than &LL.
   •    …

© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                                           10
Best practices: Which rules are useful?
• …




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com   11
Technical Writing                  Localization




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                  12
Tool Landscape


        Authoring                                     Translation

  CMS                                         Translation Memory Systeme
  Authoring tools                             CAT-PM-Tools
  MS Office                                   Terminology-Tools
  Layout Tools                                Machine translation systems
  SW Development                              Quality control tools
  Image processing                            Online dictionaries
  tools


© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                                 13
© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com   14
Translation Memory Tools

• Some TMS providers: SDL, STAR, across, MultiCorpora, Kilgray…
• Advantages:
   – Never translate a sentence twice
   – Increase consistency
   – Context sensitive suggestion
   – Processing of various authoring formats
   – Knowledge-base available across departments
• Risks:
   – More interfaces mean new sources of errors
   – Reuse of wrong translations
   – Too much faith in technology: Loss of criticism



© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                   15
Language specific aspects

• Alphabets and their various special characters,
  some use double byte characters
• Writing direction (bi-directional languages)
• Punctuation
• Dates and numbers
• Measurement units
• Text expansion
                                              ISO 639


               Unicode


© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com             16
Parameters to Keep in Mind
  when Defining and Assessing Translation Quality

• Languages are not homogeneous
   – Various registers: formal, informal
   – Dependable on target group: technicians, end users,
     teens, IT early adopters…
• Terms are not always translatable as in source language
   – Umbrella term: snow, screw
   – No corresponding concept
• Synonyms in source and target languages
• Languages are subject to change
• Language is highly subjective
• Strong identification with own language

© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com            17
Process Landscape in Localization Projects

                                               CHANGE MANAGEMENT


                                                             CLIENT CORRECTIONS

                                        LOCALIZATION

                                        Engineering       Translation     DTP     Publication


                                              QUERIES

 DATA MANAGEMENT

  PROJECT MANAGEMENT

   Projektdefinition
      Definition                     Planning               Controlling         Closure


   Request                                    Execution                            Delivery
© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                                                     18
Process Modules and Steps

         Translation                              DTP                 Engineering

 Proofreading of source                  Internationalization   Internationalization

 Copywriting                             Textexport, import     Pre- / postprocessing

 First translation                       Layout                 Functional Testing

 Peer-review                             Image processing       Linguistic QA

 In-country review                       Linguistic layout QA   Software development

 Subject Matter Expert                   In-country layout QA   CAT Engineering




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com                                             19
Criteria to Define Localization Process

• Depending on Source document and objectives
   – File format of source and target document
   – Quality of source document (text and form)
   – Level of text complexity
   – Target group and quality objectives
   – Liability risks
• Depending on Localization process:
   – Expertise and availability of resources
   – Cost and time frame
   – Translation technologies used

© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com       20
Specifics of International Teams

•    Different cultures (geography and company)
•    Language barriers
•    Different concepts of time
•    Acceptance and display of emotions
•    Handling of rules and instructions
•    „Yes“ or “No”?
•    Hierarchy and gender
•    Humor




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com       21
Key Success Factors for Multilingual TC

• Standardize documents and source text to support reuse
  of content and translation
• Document the defined processes and procedures and
  deploy them across departments
• Control application of defined rules and processes
• Establish technical writing and localization as own steps in
  the product life cycle
• Mind cultural and language specific aspects while writing
  and communicating




© Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com               22
All the best for your next multilingual projects!

Isabelle Fleury
Tel:        +49 2104 8089920
E-Mail:     info@fleuryfleury.com
Internet:   http://www.fleuryfleury.com

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Isabelle: Multilingual Technical Communication

  • 1. Multilingual Technical Communication tcworld India 2011 Conference, Bangalore Isabelle Fleury, Fleury & Fleury Consultants
  • 2. Challenges • Number of document types increases MORE • Number of versions and variants grows FURTHER • Number of languages grows FASTER • Product life cycle gets shorter • Quality awareness grows BETTER • BUT: Budget does not increase accordingly © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 2
  • 3. High Complexity Technologies Exchange Processes Develop Author Localize Test Launch Your Stakeholders Client organiza-tion Suppliers Exchange © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 3
  • 4. Solutions: Reduce complexity and workload • Tools • Document structure Standardize • Text • Workflows • Communication • Data Centralize • Process steps • Exchange of data Automate • Administration © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 4
  • 5. Two areas of leverage Technical Writing Localization © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 5
  • 6. Technical Writing Localization © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 6
  • 7. Objectives for Multilingual Technical Writing • Standardized document and information structures  Enable reuse at a high level • Clarity of expression  Avoid misunderstanding, queries, errors and rework • Consistency in style and terminology  Reduce amount of new text, queries and enable reuse • Translation-oriented authoring  Allow for market-specific contents and enable processing by CAT-Tools © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 7
  • 8. Consider Cultural and Market-Specific Characteritiscs while Writing • Connotations: Cultural and historical references • Meanings of colors • Use of pictures • Formal requirements: norms and directives • Qualification profile of users © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 8
  • 9. Mind the Interdependences between Writing and Localization • Command of authoring tools  Impacts the degree of reuse of translated materials (match rate) • Authors are not native speakers  Causes comprehension issues • Degree of completion at the start of localization  Leads to rework and higher process complexity • Education and experience as technical writer  Awareness and ability to write for various target groups © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 9
  • 10. Please enter start date before or equal to the end date. • Please enter a start date earlier than or the same as the end date. • Please enter an actual start date earlier than the actual end date. • The Start Date cannot exceed the End Date. • The End Date cannot precede the Start Date. • End Date must be later than Start Date. • End date must be equal to or later than the start date. • The end date must be later than or the same as the start date. • End Time must be later than the Start Time. • The valid grade's end date must be later than or equal to its start date. • Please enter an End Date that is later than or the same as the Start Date. • Competence end date has to be later than or equal to the start date. • The start date cannot be later than the end date. • The appraisal end date must be later than or equal to appraisal start date. • The Effective start date cannot be later than the Effective end date. • Date from cannot be later than date to. • The start date must be on or before the end date. • The Start Date cannot be after the End Date. • Your end date must be after your start date. • The end date cannot be before the start date. • Start date must be before end date. • Your start date must be before your end date. • Enter a Start Date that is on or later than &LL. • … © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 10
  • 11. Best practices: Which rules are useful? • … © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 11
  • 12. Technical Writing Localization © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 12
  • 13. Tool Landscape Authoring Translation CMS Translation Memory Systeme Authoring tools CAT-PM-Tools MS Office Terminology-Tools Layout Tools Machine translation systems SW Development Quality control tools Image processing Online dictionaries tools © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 13
  • 14. © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 14
  • 15. Translation Memory Tools • Some TMS providers: SDL, STAR, across, MultiCorpora, Kilgray… • Advantages: – Never translate a sentence twice – Increase consistency – Context sensitive suggestion – Processing of various authoring formats – Knowledge-base available across departments • Risks: – More interfaces mean new sources of errors – Reuse of wrong translations – Too much faith in technology: Loss of criticism © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 15
  • 16. Language specific aspects • Alphabets and their various special characters, some use double byte characters • Writing direction (bi-directional languages) • Punctuation • Dates and numbers • Measurement units • Text expansion ISO 639 Unicode © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 16
  • 17. Parameters to Keep in Mind when Defining and Assessing Translation Quality • Languages are not homogeneous – Various registers: formal, informal – Dependable on target group: technicians, end users, teens, IT early adopters… • Terms are not always translatable as in source language – Umbrella term: snow, screw – No corresponding concept • Synonyms in source and target languages • Languages are subject to change • Language is highly subjective • Strong identification with own language © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 17
  • 18. Process Landscape in Localization Projects CHANGE MANAGEMENT CLIENT CORRECTIONS LOCALIZATION Engineering Translation DTP Publication QUERIES DATA MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT Projektdefinition Definition Planning Controlling Closure Request Execution Delivery © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 18
  • 19. Process Modules and Steps Translation DTP Engineering Proofreading of source Internationalization Internationalization Copywriting Textexport, import Pre- / postprocessing First translation Layout Functional Testing Peer-review Image processing Linguistic QA In-country review Linguistic layout QA Software development Subject Matter Expert In-country layout QA CAT Engineering © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 19
  • 20. Criteria to Define Localization Process • Depending on Source document and objectives – File format of source and target document – Quality of source document (text and form) – Level of text complexity – Target group and quality objectives – Liability risks • Depending on Localization process: – Expertise and availability of resources – Cost and time frame – Translation technologies used © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 20
  • 21. Specifics of International Teams • Different cultures (geography and company) • Language barriers • Different concepts of time • Acceptance and display of emotions • Handling of rules and instructions • „Yes“ or “No”? • Hierarchy and gender • Humor © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 21
  • 22. Key Success Factors for Multilingual TC • Standardize documents and source text to support reuse of content and translation • Document the defined processes and procedures and deploy them across departments • Control application of defined rules and processes • Establish technical writing and localization as own steps in the product life cycle • Mind cultural and language specific aspects while writing and communicating © Fleury & Fleury GbR, www.fleuryfleury.com 22
  • 23. All the best for your next multilingual projects! Isabelle Fleury Tel: +49 2104 8089920 E-Mail: info@fleuryfleury.com Internet: http://www.fleuryfleury.com