Contenu connexe Similaire à Isabelle: Multilingual Technical Communication Similaire à Isabelle: Multilingual Technical Communication (20) Isabelle: Multilingual Technical Communication2. Challenges
• Number of document types increases
MORE
• Number of versions and variants grows
FURTHER
• Number of languages grows
FASTER
• Product life cycle gets shorter
• Quality awareness grows BETTER
• BUT: Budget does not increase accordingly
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3. High Complexity
Technologies
Exchange
Processes Develop Author Localize Test Launch
Your
Stakeholders Client organiza-tion Suppliers
Exchange
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4. Solutions: Reduce complexity and workload
• Tools
• Document structure
Standardize • Text
• Workflows
• Communication
• Data
Centralize
• Process steps
• Exchange of data
Automate
• Administration
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5. Two areas of leverage
Technical Writing Localization
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7. Objectives for Multilingual Technical Writing
• Standardized document and information structures
Enable reuse at a high level
• Clarity of expression
Avoid misunderstanding, queries, errors and rework
• Consistency in style and terminology
Reduce amount of new text, queries and enable
reuse
• Translation-oriented authoring
Allow for market-specific contents and enable
processing by CAT-Tools
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8. Consider Cultural and Market-Specific
Characteritiscs while Writing
• Connotations: Cultural and historical references
• Meanings of colors
• Use of pictures
• Formal requirements: norms and directives
• Qualification profile of users
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9. Mind the Interdependences between
Writing and Localization
• Command of authoring tools
Impacts the degree of reuse of translated materials
(match rate)
• Authors are not native speakers
Causes comprehension issues
• Degree of completion at the start of localization
Leads to rework and higher process complexity
• Education and experience as technical writer
Awareness and ability to write for various target groups
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10. • Please enter start date before or equal to the end date.
• Please enter a start date earlier than or the same as the end date.
• Please enter an actual start date earlier than the actual end date.
• The Start Date cannot exceed the End Date.
• The End Date cannot precede the Start Date.
• End Date must be later than Start Date.
• End date must be equal to or later than the start date.
• The end date must be later than or the same as the start date.
• End Time must be later than the Start Time.
• The valid grade's end date must be later than or equal to its start date.
• Please enter an End Date that is later than or the same as the Start Date.
• Competence end date has to be later than or equal to the start date.
• The start date cannot be later than the end date.
• The appraisal end date must be later than or equal to appraisal start date.
• The Effective start date cannot be later than the Effective end date.
• Date from cannot be later than date to.
• The start date must be on or before the end date.
• The Start Date cannot be after the End Date.
• Your end date must be after your start date.
• The end date cannot be before the start date.
• Start date must be before end date.
• Your start date must be before your end date.
• Enter a Start Date that is on or later than &LL.
• …
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13. Tool Landscape
Authoring Translation
CMS Translation Memory Systeme
Authoring tools CAT-PM-Tools
MS Office Terminology-Tools
Layout Tools Machine translation systems
SW Development Quality control tools
Image processing Online dictionaries
tools
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15. Translation Memory Tools
• Some TMS providers: SDL, STAR, across, MultiCorpora, Kilgray…
• Advantages:
– Never translate a sentence twice
– Increase consistency
– Context sensitive suggestion
– Processing of various authoring formats
– Knowledge-base available across departments
• Risks:
– More interfaces mean new sources of errors
– Reuse of wrong translations
– Too much faith in technology: Loss of criticism
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16. Language specific aspects
• Alphabets and their various special characters,
some use double byte characters
• Writing direction (bi-directional languages)
• Punctuation
• Dates and numbers
• Measurement units
• Text expansion
ISO 639
Unicode
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17. Parameters to Keep in Mind
when Defining and Assessing Translation Quality
• Languages are not homogeneous
– Various registers: formal, informal
– Dependable on target group: technicians, end users,
teens, IT early adopters…
• Terms are not always translatable as in source language
– Umbrella term: snow, screw
– No corresponding concept
• Synonyms in source and target languages
• Languages are subject to change
• Language is highly subjective
• Strong identification with own language
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18. Process Landscape in Localization Projects
CHANGE MANAGEMENT
CLIENT CORRECTIONS
LOCALIZATION
Engineering Translation DTP Publication
QUERIES
DATA MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Projektdefinition
Definition Planning Controlling Closure
Request Execution Delivery
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19. Process Modules and Steps
Translation DTP Engineering
Proofreading of source Internationalization Internationalization
Copywriting Textexport, import Pre- / postprocessing
First translation Layout Functional Testing
Peer-review Image processing Linguistic QA
In-country review Linguistic layout QA Software development
Subject Matter Expert In-country layout QA CAT Engineering
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20. Criteria to Define Localization Process
• Depending on Source document and objectives
– File format of source and target document
– Quality of source document (text and form)
– Level of text complexity
– Target group and quality objectives
– Liability risks
• Depending on Localization process:
– Expertise and availability of resources
– Cost and time frame
– Translation technologies used
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21. Specifics of International Teams
• Different cultures (geography and company)
• Language barriers
• Different concepts of time
• Acceptance and display of emotions
• Handling of rules and instructions
• „Yes“ or “No”?
• Hierarchy and gender
• Humor
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22. Key Success Factors for Multilingual TC
• Standardize documents and source text to support reuse
of content and translation
• Document the defined processes and procedures and
deploy them across departments
• Control application of defined rules and processes
• Establish technical writing and localization as own steps in
the product life cycle
• Mind cultural and language specific aspects while writing
and communicating
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23. All the best for your next multilingual projects!
Isabelle Fleury
Tel: +49 2104 8089920
E-Mail: info@fleuryfleury.com
Internet: http://www.fleuryfleury.com