1) The document discusses ensuring quality in civil construction projects through proper quality control procedures such as appropriate mixing, proper compaction, correct placement, and adequate curing of concrete and construction materials. 2) It identifies 20 common construction mistakes such as inadequate reinforcement, improper mixing ratios, and lack of compaction that can result in cracks, dampness, leakage, and structural issues if not addressed. 3) The causes of poor quality are identified as ignorance, poor materials, design, detailing, workmanship, quantities, and lack of technical knowledge as well as inadequate supervision. Achieving 100% quality is difficult and must be managed through immediate execution, use of technology, experienced quality engineers, and supervision.

1. WELCOM
E
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2. Ensuring Quality in civil Construction
Presented by :
AKASH MANDAL
10/FET/C(S)/2006
99999-2-4321.
Under the guidance of
ER. AKASH
CIVIL ENGINEER
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3. Definition of Quality
Quality means excellence.
 It is thus a philosophy rather than a mere attribute.
The difference between two objects
is judged by their qualities.
We set some standards which
determine the level of acceptability.
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4. Quality control:-
 Quality control means rational use of resources.
 Quality control procedures implement:-
 appropriate mixing,
 proper compaction,
 correct placement and
 adequate curing.
 Quality control prevents temptation of over
design.
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5. Quality Controls-----
 Quality control ensures:-
 strict monitoring of every stage of
concrete production and
 rectification of faults.
 Quality control reduces maintenance
costs.
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6. Plan, Do, Check and Act cycle
for assuring quality Plan :-quality
Do :- Working
systematically
Check:-
checking with
non
conformance
Act :-Upon
the result
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7. Knowing the 20 No mistakes occurr during
construction phase ( for planning purpose )
The cement sand mix in the mortar and brick
masonry is made quite early, prior to its use and in
larger quantities than required.
 The construction materials like sand, bricks,
Aggregate etc are not washed and are full of
deleterious material and dust.
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8. construction mistakes
Compaction of bottom strata in foundation
work is not carried out.
During concreting of footing, the concrete is
poured at a height greater than 1m.
Generally, trapezoidal footings are resorted
to where concrete is never vibrated.
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9. construction mistakes
 Reinforced concrete column, being an
important part of the structure are neither
mechanically vibrated nor machine mixed.
 They are cast in short lifts with increased
number of joints.
 Cover to reinforcement in column, beams
and slabs is insufficient.
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10. construction mistakes
 No cover to reinforcement in contact of the
ground
 Misalignment of column at foundation level
and rectification at higher level, leading to
eccentric loading.
 Reinforced coping at plinth level being an
important barrier to dampness is never
densely cast.
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11. construction mistakes
 The plinth filling is never carried out
in layers nor compacted.
 At the joints of Reinforced concrete
and brick masonry, either :-
 the RC surface is not roughned
 or filling of mortar at the joint is not
evident.
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12. construction mistakes
 The joint of brick masonry at larger
height are improperly racked.
 Mixing ratio in plaster and brick
masonry is not maintained.
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13. construction mistakes
 In the case where beams are cast prior
to slabs :
 In large slabs, the concrete in beams
starts setting before casting of RC slab.
 The concrete spilled on the sides of
beams while casting is never removed
which gets set subsequently
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14. construction mistakes
 Reinforcement of RC column is kept
exposed above RC slab.
 Hacking to concrete surface is poorly
done prior to Plastering.
 Bearing to lintels on both the ends is not
sufficient.
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15. construction mistakes
In load bearing structure ,secondary beams
are resting directly on the walls giving
point loading.
Proper care for uplift pressure in black
cotton soil is not taken in by proving with
 ground beam
 Combined footing
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16. Result of mistakes.
The above 20 no construction mistakes may result
in
Cracks in concrete.
Improper bonding between concrete and
brick masonry.
Spillage of plaster.
Dampness of walls.
Leakage of slabs.
Cracks in brick masonry.
Settlement of foundation and walls.
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17. Causes of mistakes
Causes for poor quality can be summarized
as ignorance, poor materials, poor design,
poor detailing, poor workmanship,
improper quantity of cement, improper
concrete mix, excess water, inadequate
compaction, substandard forms, inadequate
curing, inadequate cover, poor construction
practices, poor supervision and above all
lack of technical knowledge.
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18. Description of Frquency of Applicable % frequency
deficiency occurrence application occurrence
Inadequate
suspended
6 13 46%
reinf conc beam
depth
missing column
reinf 1 17 6%
retaining wall
reinf on wrong
side of wall 11 1 100%
inadequate
cantilever reinf
anchorage 1 1 100%
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19. Effectiveness of the Existing system in quality
vulnerability reduction
Entity Comments
Block Development Officer Check only the progress
Assistant Engineer Monitor progress,Check quality,encourage public participation
JE Estimate,Execute,Check only during his presence
Executive Officer Does not Check quality
Executant only interested in profit as 10%, profit is not in estimate
Sanjojaka Can't be believed,not accountable
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20. Relation between Quality and Cost
With the
increase of
quality of
design, cost
increase is
exponential but
value addition
initially
increases, but
starts saturating
at of some point.
Hence the
optimum cost is
arrived when
slope of both the
curves is same .
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21. Economics of Quality of Conformance
One can note
that with the
increase of
quality of
construction,
cost of quality
control gets
saturated.
Thus we can
arrive at
optimum
quality for
minimum cost
from total cost
of the
construction.
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22. CONCLUSIONS:
100% quality in PR Deptt. can not be
controlled it can only be managed by :-
Immediate Execution of the work
Use of machinery and technology
Experienced quality engineer
Distributing quality manuals to the
people
More no. of supervision to the site 23