2. Defining Sustainability
UnitedNations World Commission on
Environment and Development
– “Development that meets the needs of
present generations without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”
3. Defining Green Buildings
Design and construction practices that
significantly reduce, or eliminate the
negative impact of buildings on the
environment and its occupants with regard
to site planning; safeguarding water use
and water use efficiency; promoting
energy efficiency and renewable energy;
conserving materials and resources; and
promoting indoor environmental quality.”
(US Green Building Council)
4. Construction Impacts
76 million residential buildings in US
5 million commercial buildings in US
consume 40 % or raw materials
32% total energy produced
17% fresh water
25% global wood harvest
5 billion gals water/day just for toilets
generates
– 25-40% of municipal solid waste from C&D
– 50% of US CFC production
– 30% of US CO2 production
5. Building Operations Impacts
49% of Sulfur Dioxide emissions
25% nitrous oxide emissions
10% of all particulate matter
1/3 of all energy consumption in US
2/3 of all electricity consumption in US
disturbs natural habitats
contaminates air, soil, and water
depletes non-renewable resources
½ of greenhouse gases
35% of carbon dioxide emissions
community issues
occupant issues
– sources: “The Architecture of Sustainability, 2002”, World Watch Institute,
USGBC
6. Key Issues and Benefits
Institution Green ethics / commitment
Building Commissioning Research and Grant
Air Quality opportunities
Occupants productivity Being a leader (as it
and well being should)
Energy Conservation Responsibility to show
importance
Water Conservation
Competitive advantage
Storm Water
(ie – recruiting)
Management
Institutional community
Waste Management
demand
Local & State Standards Great public relations
& Programs
7. Overall Financial Benefits
Energy Lower Operation and
Water Maintenance Costs
Competitive First
Wastewater Costs
Reduced Waste – Through integrated
Improved Indoor design & synergies
Environmental Quality Increased Value & ROI
Greater Employee Marketing Advantage
Comfort/Productivity Reduced Liability
Reduced Employee – Improve Risk
Health Costs Management
– Insurance costs
8. Overall Financial Benefits
Financial
Benefits of a Green Building
equate to $50-$70 SF over lifetime
Over 10X return on any premium
cost associated with building it over
lifetime
Source: USGBC
9. Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – effect the
contents of the inside air has on a
structure and its occupants
People spend 90% of their time indoors
Indoor air has 10-100X higher pollutants
than outdoor air
USEPA “Indoor Air Quality” Jan, 6 2003
10. Energy Conservation
US uses 25% of world energy but only has
5% of population & 95% of our energy is
from fossil fuels (US Energy Information Administration)
Higher Education - $2 Billion/year on
energy
(American School & University)
Most can reduce by up to 30% - savings
can be used on:
– New faculty
– Upgrades/renovations for more savings
– New programs
11. Water Conservation
USA uses 340 billion gallons of fresh
water per day
Nearly 65% is discharged into
waterways
Energy Policy Act of 1992
Facilities can easily reduce use by
20-30% with little cost and effort
Water & Sewer Bills
Connection Fees & Tax Base
12. Occupants Well Being and
Productivity
Relationship exists between worker
comfort/productivity and building
design/operation
Hidden sick days – higher absenteeism,
respiratory ailments, allergies, asthma =
lower productivity, higher insurance and
medical costs
A 1% increase in productivity (about 5
minutes per day) equals $600-700 per
employee per year - a ^1.5% equals about
$1,000/yr
(Katz 2003 study)
13. Mythology About First Costs
Common Perception when we started was
+20-30%
Past & Current Trend
Recent Studies
– Average Premium <2% or $3-$5 SF
– Most of cost associated with increased
architectural and engineering design, time,
modeling and integration time
– Earlier you integrate the lower the cost
14. Mythology About First Costs
Average Green Cost Premium vs. Level of Green
Certification
8
Percent Cost 6
4
Increase 2
0 Average Green Cost
Basic Gold Premium (in percent)
Level of LEED
Certification
Source: USGBC, Capital E Analysis
15. Mythology About First Costs
Another recent study has shown the
following average increase in project
construction costs, on a percentage basis
for LEED certification.
– Certified 0 – 2.5%
– Silver 0 – 3.3%
– Gold 0.3 – 5.0%
– Platinum 4.5 – 8.5%
Start Early – Save Costs
Source: Sasaki Associates 2004
16. Mythology About First Costs
Building green can be done for no additional cost
Initial premium costs are entirely up to you and
project specific
LEED buildings average only a 2-3% increase in
costs, but can be done for the same budget as
traditional buildings with planning
Savings from green building’s more than return
any premium you may choose to put into it
Design Fees will be higher but construction costs
may be reduced
Set Budget first then work fees within framework
17. General Mythologies
Appearance of Green Buildings
– You design it to look how you want. It can easily match
traditional campus design or not.
– Carpet, furniture and windows do not have to look different.
They can look like traditional ones only they perform better and
are healthier.
– Does not need to be high tech to be green.
Time
– Green Buildings take the same amount of time to construct as
regular buildings. More time may be required in the Design
phase though.
Costs
– Green Buildings do not have to cost more. With planning they
can be built at the same price or less.
– Design fees may be higher in the beginning of the project but
the extra design work will lower the actual construction costs.
In the end the building costs the same and fits in the traditional
budget.
Normal: 2 + 2 = 4
Green: 3 + 1 = 4
– Long term maintenance and operations costs can be reduced by
20 – 50% with good planning.
18. Green Buildings at USC
West Quad Residence Baseball Stadium
Hall & Learning Center Horizon Buildings
School of Public Health Biomedical Buildings
Library Rare Books Arnold II
Collection & Modern
Political Wings
Band/Dance Building
Law School
Innovista
New Honors College
Gamma Phi Beta
Sorority
New Student Health
Center
20. West Quad
$30.9M project cost Reduced
- $25M const. cost Construction &
177,000 SF - Change Order Costs
$141.24/sf 45%-55% More
SAME COST & Time Energy Efficient =
502 bed spaces – 4 over $50,000
buildings savings annually
20% more Water
Residential, office,
Efficient = $ 3900+
academic & retail
savings annually
spaces
Residents comment
Goal of LEED Silver
on improved health
– Achieved
and productivity
21. West Quad at USC
Selected “Green” Project Particulars
– Designed to be 40% more energy efficient and to
use 20% less water
– “Green” roof on Learning Center
– Fuel Cell for supplemental electricity & hot water
– Solar pre-heating for domestic hot water
– Low VOC paints and carpets & 100% Fresh Air
– Daylighting in all buildings
Building orientation
Light shelves for shading and natural lighting
on southern exposures
Light wells on Learning Center
– “Green” board in case good furnishings
– Total storm water management integration
22.
23. US Green Building
Council (USGBC)
Leadership in Energy
& Environmental Design
(LEED)
24. USGBC’s MISSION:
to promote the design and
construction of buildings that are
environmentally responsible,
profitable, and healthy places to live
and work.
The organization’s activities…
Integrate building industry
sectors
Lead market transformation
Educate owners and practitioners
25. USGBC is...
A national nonprofit organization
A diverse membership of
organizations
Consensus-driven
Committee-based product
development
Developer and administrator of the
LEED® Green Building Rating
System
26. What is “Green” Design?
Design and construction practices that
significantly reduce or eliminate the negative
impact of buildings on the environment and
occupants in five broad areas:
Sustainable site planning
Safeguarding water and water efficiency
Energy efficiency and renewable energy
Conservation of materials and resources
Indoor environmental quality
27. ®
Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design
A leading-edge system for designing,
constructing, operating and certifying
the world’s greenest buildings.
28. ®
Why Was LEED Created?
Use as a design guideline
Recognize leaders
Stimulate green competition
Establish market value with recognizable
national “brand”
Raise consumer awareness
Transform the marketplace!
29. ®
Why Was LEED Created?
Facilitate positive results for the
environment, occupant health and
financial return
Define “green” by providing a standard
for measurement
Prevent “greenwashing” (false or
exaggerated claims)
Promote whole-building, integrated
design processes
30. LEED-NC® Market
Transformation
Registered Projects by State - Top 10
35000000
30000000
Gross Square Feet-GSF)
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
306 107 102 100 90 76 73 68 68 62
CA PA WA NY OR TX MA IL MI VA
State and Number of Projects
As of 05.02.05 All statistics exclude pilot projects
31. LEED-NC® Market
Transformation
Registered Projects by State - Top 10
Where does the Southeast stand?
Georgia – 62
South Carolina - 56
North Carolina – 42
32. LEED-NC® Point Distribution
Five LEED credit categories
Indoor
Environmental
Quality Sustainable
23% Sites
22%
Materials &
Resources
Water
20%
Efficiency
Energy & 8%
Atmosphere
27%
33. Resources
www.usgbc.org – US Green Building Council
www.usgbc.org/Resources/links.asp - Extensive Resource
List
www.greenerbuildings.com
The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design
WWW.Oikos.com - bookstore
www.iso.org – ISO 14001 EMS
www.epa.gov/ems/index.htm - EPA’s EMS site
www.doe.gov – US DOE
www.epa.gov – US EPA
www.housing.sc.edu/westquadhandbook.asp - West Quad
Handbook
www.sc.edu/sustainableu - Sustainable Universities Initiative
(SUI)
www.buildinggreen.com – Environmental Building News
www.edcmag.com – Environmental Design & Construction
www.gbapgh.org – Green Building Alliance
www.southface.org/web/earthcraft_house/ech_main/ech_index.htm -
Earth Craft Homes
www.greenglobes.com – Green Globes
“ Hines is committed to ongoing product innovation in the built environment. As such, our membership in the U.S. Green Building Council and our participation on LEED Product Committees signals our continued and real commitment to excellence in energy efficiency and environmental performance.” – Kenneth W. Hubbard, Executive Vice President, Hines “ The leadership that the U.S. Green Building Council has shown to promote green building is extraordinary, and so important to our future. As the agency that manages space in 8,300 buildings, we understand how big a difference we can make for the environment. GSA supports what the Council is doing, and we are committed to using the LEED rating system in our buildings.” – Dave Barram, former Administrator, U.S. GSA “ At Anderson, we believe we’re responsible for a lot more than high quality windows and patio doors. Our corporate vision includes the notion of going beyond the bottom line to support the environment, our community and customer needs. Membership in the Council gives us satisfaction knowing we’re part of a high-impact coalition that is transforming the building industry in ways that support our own corporate priorities. In short, membership is an excellent way to challenge our company to respond to the needs of the market.” – John Gardner, Commercial Markets Business Manager, Anderson Windows “ The USGBC is providing a significant and important service to real estate developers by creating standards and guidelines which help companies like ours develop more sustainable environments for our customers, tenants and families.” – James F. Jacoby, Chairman, Jacoby Development, Inc. “ LEED is good architecture. It makes sense.” – Robert Kobet, AIA, Hanson Design Group “ Our involvement in the U.S. Green Building Council has expanded our knowledge of sustainable design, strengthened our relationships with industry leaders and practitioners, and given us unparalleled access to new products and emerging trends. We appreciate the USGBC’s unique, inclusive approach within the industry and its creation of LEED, a tool that we rely on to educate our clients, design better buildings, and promote sustainable practices within HNTB.” – Steven Reiss, AIA, Chairman, Architecture Services Group, HNTB
The Council is a national nonprofit organization that was formed in 1993. Its quickly growing membership includes representation from organizations across the building industry: Architecture firms, engineering firms, builders, manufacturers, service contractors, government entities (federal, state, and local), real estate developers and owners, financial institutions, universities, retail companies, nonprofit associations, utilities, and others. USGBC serves its members and the community through the development of industry standards, design practices and tools, policy advocacy, information exchange, and education.
The goal of green design is to create high-performance buildings. Often called “sustainable design,” it evolved from a variety of concerns, experiences, and needs….. Energy efficiency gained importance during the 1970s oil crisis. Recycling efforts in the U.S. in the 1970s onward became commonplace and came to the attention of the building industry. In the 1980s, the “sick building syndrome” concept emerged and concern for worker health and productivity became an issue. The concern for toxic material emissions also became an issue that needed to be addressed. Projects in water-scarce areas began to focus on water conservation. Early green designs usually focused on one issue at a time, mainly energy efficiency or use of recycled materials. Green building architects in the 1980s and 1990s began to realize that the integration of all the factors mentioned here would produce the best results and, in essence, a “high performance” building.
State # of Projects Gross SF State # of Projects Gross SF State # of Projects Gross SF AK 5 66,289 LA 5 859,202 OK 4 233,746 AL 10 981,586 MA 73 9,836,222 OR 90 8,197,815 AR 12 609,417 MD 45 6,104,591 PA 107 10,932,136 AZ 58 6,785,894 ME 17 668,751 PR 1 9,200 CA 306 33,137,289 MI 68 10,113,661 RI 6 359,139 CO 39 5,599,330 MN 13 1,734,665 SC 24 1,761,949 CT 19 2,081,355 MO 33 3,049,818 SD 4 221,818 DC 18 6,392,300 MS 5 513,020 TN 12 1,169,582 DE 5 263,914 MT 6 160,157 TX 76 8,893,708 FL 37 2,519,058 NC 40 4,177,153 UT 21 1,739,379 GA 54 5,891,518 ND 3 321,113 VA 62 6,535,752 HI 12 748,265 NE 7 558,181 VT 20 1,813,542 IA 14 1,102,245 NH 20 1,611,896 WA 102 11,066,719 ID 7 907,541 NJ 41 5,928,904 WI 22 2,084,515 IL 68 10,216,265 NM 15 776,551 WV 5 689,013 IN 11 1,347,133 NV 15 1,471,521 WY 5 341,930 KS 7 673,742 NY 100 16,060,883 KY 5 220,661 OH 49 5,994,808
The five environmental categories are further divided into “credits.” For each credit, the rating system identifies the intent, requirements, and technologies or strategies to achieve the credit. One or more points are available within each credit, and points are achieved by meeting specified requirements. Most categories contain prerequisites. ALL seven prerequisites MUST be met in order to qualify for ANY certification level. In addition to the five environmental categories, there is also an “Innovation and Design Process” category. 69 points total: Sustainable Sites: 8 credits, 14 points Water Efficiency: 3 credits, 5 points Energy and Atmosphere: 6 credits, 17 points Materials and Resources: 7 credits, 13 points Indoor Environmental Quality: 8 credits, 15 points Innovation: 4 points LEED Accredited Professional: 1 point