This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the different levels of structural organization in the human body from the chemical level up to the organismal level. It also describes the basic anatomical terminology used to locate body structures and regions. The major organ systems are introduced along with examples of their functions. Homeostasis and the mechanisms that maintain it are explained.

2. 1- Gross Anatomy Surface Anatomy- general forms & superficial markings. Regional Anatomy- concerned with areas of the body. Systemic Anatomy- concerned with organ systems. Developmental Anatomy- concerned with embryology. Clinical Anatomy- description based on subspecialty.

9. Levels of Structural Organization 1- Figure 1.1 1 Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules.

10. Levels of Structural Organization 1- Figure 1.1 1 2 Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules.

11. Levels of Structural Organization 1- Figure 1.1 1 2 3 Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules.

12. Levels of Structural Organization 1- Figure 1.1 1 2 4 3 Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules.

13. Levels of Structural Organization 1- Figure 1.1 1 2 4 5 3 Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Heart Blood vessels Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules.

18. Levels of Structural Organization 1- Figure 1.1 1 2 4 5 6 3 Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Heart Blood vessels Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems. Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules.

20. EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL AND FLUIDS CELLS combine to form TISSUES combine to form ORGANS interact in ORGAN SYSTEMS The levels of organization in the body, with the four primary tissue types highlighted EPITHELIAL TISSUE CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCLE TISSUE NEURAL TISSUE Organism Levels of Structural Organization

40. Major Directional Terms 1-