- GPRS is an upgrade to GSM that allows packet-based data services and efficient use of network bandwidth. It provides higher data rates than GSM and constant connectivity. - The GPRS network architecture introduces new network elements like the SGSN and GGSN to route data packets. The SGSN and GGSN connect to external packet networks through the GPRS backbone network. - Session management in GPRS involves creating a PDP context for each data connection, which contains information like the assigned PDP address and serving GGSN. Location management tracks the location of mobile devices through routing area updates.

1. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) A new Dimension to Wireless Communication

4. Comparison of GSM & GPRS GSM GPRS Data Rates 9.6 Kbps 14.4 to 115.2 Kbps Modulation Technique GMSK GMSK Billing Duration of connection Amount of data transferred Type of Connection Circuit – Switched Technology Packet - Switched Technology

8. Statistical Multiplexing

15. GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MS BTS PSTN ISDN PDN BSC BSC MSC/VLR MS MS BTS BTS GMSC EIR AUC HLR

21. GPRS BACKBONE NETWORK inter-PLMN GPRS backbone External Packet Data Network (PDN) intra-PLMN GPRS backbone intra-PLMN GPRS backbone PLMN1 PLMN2 SGSN SGSN SGSN GGSN GGSN Border gateway Border gateway Gp Gn Gi Gn Gn BTS BTS BSC BSC Host Router LAN MS Gi Gn Gn Gp

22. Protocol Stack GSM RF SNDCP IP / X.25 Application Um Gn Gb MAC RLC LLC IP / X.25 GTP L1 L2 LLC GSM RF Frame Relay MAC RLC BSSGP L1bis BSSGP Frame Relay LLC SNDCP GTP L1bis L1 L2 IP MS BSS (PCU) SGSN GGSN Gi IP UDP/ TCP UDP/ TCP

31. GPRS –Internet Connection

33. DATA CALL ROUTING inter-PLMN GPRS backbone External Packet data network(PDN) Intra-PLMN GPRS backbone intra-PLMN GPRS backbone PLMN1 PLMN2 SGSN SGSN SGSN GGSN GGSN Border gateway Border gateway Gp Gn Gi Gn Gn BTS BTS BSC BSC Host Router LAN MS

34. SESSION MANAGEMENT IN GPRS

37. PDP Context Activation

38. LOCATION MANAGEMENT IN GPRS

39. State Model of GPRS MS