1. GROUP 3
i. Nur Nasaida Bt Md Nasir
ii. Norfaizatulakma Bt Zainal Abidin
iii. Rabiatun Adawiah Bt Norman
iv. Nurnadzirah Binti Mohamad Saifuddin
v. Norhashimah Binti A Rahim
vi. Syazarul Asyikin Binti Rostam

2. Leadership
Ability to influence a group toward
the achievement of goals

3. Leadership
Theories
Trait theories
Behavioral
Theories
Contingency
Theories
Contemporary
Theories

4. Trait Theories
Ambition &
Energy
Desire to lead
Honesty and
Integrity
Self-
confidence
Intelligence
Job- relevent
knowledge

5. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
• Theories proposing that specific behaviors
differentiate leaders from non leaders
Behavioral theories
of leadership – train
people to be leader
Trait theory –
selecting the right
people for
leadership

6. OHIO STATE STUDIES
Identify independent dimensions of leader behavior
• extent to which a leader is likely to
define and structure his/her role and
those of employees in the search for
goal attainment.
Initiating
structure
• Extent to which a person’s job
relationship are characterized by :
• mutual trust
• Respect for employees’ ideas
• Regard for their feeling
Consideration

7. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDIES
• To locate behavioral characteristics of leaders that appeared
related to performance effectiveness
• emphasize interpersonal
relations, takes a personel interest
in the needs of employees, and
accepts individual differences
among members
Employee-
oriented
leader
• emphasized technical/task aspects
of the job, focusing on
accomplishing the group’s task
Production-
oriented
leader

8. CONTINGENCY THEORIES
The Fiedler
Model
Situational
Leadership
Theory
Path-Goal
Theory
Leader-
Participation
Model
Leader-Member
Exchange
(LMX) Theory

9. CONTEMPORARY THEORIES
• Charismatic Leadership
 Followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities
when they are observe certain behaviors.