1. Presented By:

2. BACKGROUND OF NGOS IN
DEVELOPMENT

NGOs have recently emerged into the development limelight but they
are not a recent phenomenon. They were the earliest form of human
organizations.

Long before the governments, people organized themselves into
group for mutual protection and self help.

During the 18th and 17th centuries in particular there has been an
explosion in the number of NGOs and an upsurge for the realistic
answers to problem over a king of neglected issues related to
ecological degradation

3. Role of NGOs in Development

The term NGO seems to be deceptively simple.

It may overlook the enormous variety and differential capabilities of
different NGOs.

In fact, NGOs offer a kaleidoscopic collection of organizations varying
in origin, size, programmes, ideology, role strategy, funding, linkages
evaluation, problem etc.

NGOs embrace a bewildering group of organizations varying in terms
of innumerable parameters

According to Asian Development Bank the term non governmental
organization refers to organization
 Not based in government.
 Not created to earn profit.

4. NEW TRENDS IN NGOS ACTIVITY
(people participation)

On the whole these organizations are commanding growing
attention as possible alternative to government in addressing the
needs of vast of population. So, we can summarize NGOs
development in three stages.
 Social and cultural in early stage.
 Community services and development in intermediate stage.
 More recently target oriented activist groups.

5. NEED FOR NGOS

There is none the less a single answer to question why NGOs
are formed?

How they are given meaning and

How they operate?
 One cannot perceive NGOs as entities but we have taken into
account the notion of multiple relation.
 The entry of NGOs in the field of development process thus
represents important response to the need resulted due to the
overburdened
government,
underutilized people power
the
hesitant
private
sector
and

6. OBJECTIVES OF NGOS IN
DEVELOPMENT
Objectives:
Relief and welfare
 Community development
 Sustainable system
 Peoples movement.

NGOS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT:





Agriculture and related land development
Irrigation system
Agricultural extension education
Employment generation: skill development through training
Health
and
family
welfare:
family
planning
propaganda, motivation, research and training, rural health
centers, dispensaries etc.

7. ROLES OF NGO ACCORDING TO THE
EXPECTATION OF PEOPLE
People and policy makers are agree on one thing that NGOs play a very
important role in development. Role of NGOs vary over the years as the
policy of government changes.
 The major development roles ascribed to NGOs are to act as:

 Planner and implementer of development programmers,
 Mobiliser of local resources and initiative,
 Catalyst, enabler and innovator,
 Builder of self reliant sustainable society,
 Mediator of people and government,
 Supporter and partner of government programme in activating delivery system
implementing rural development programmes, etc.,
 Agents of information,
 Factor of improvement of the poor, and
 Facilitator of development education, training, professionalization, etc

8. Challenges facing NGOs
 Lack
of Funds:
 NGOs are expressing difficulty in finding sufficient, appropriate and
continuous funding for their work.
 They find accessing donors as challenging as dealing with their funding
conditions.
 They perceive there to be certain cartels of individuals and NGOs that
control access to donor funds.
 Poor
Governance:
 Poor Governance was recognized within the sector as a whole, within
the NGO Council and within individual NGOs.
 Knowledge of good governance varied widely, with some regions
indicating very little understanding of why NGOs are required to have
Boards or what their roles and functions should be.
 Many other participants explained that it is difficult to achieve good
governance with founders

9. Challenges facing NGOs
 Absence
of Strategic Planning:
Few NGOs have strategic plans which would enable them to
have ownership over their mission, values and activities.
This leaves them vulnerable to the whims of donors and makes
it difficult to measure their impact over time.
 Poor
Networking:
Poor Networking was identified as a major challenge.
It is the cause of duplication of efforts, conflicting strategies at
community level, a lack of learning from experience and an
inability of NGOs to address local structural causes of
poverty, deprivation and under-development.
Negative competition for resources also undermines the
reputation of the sector and the effectiveness of NGO activities
at community level.

10. Challenges facing NGOs
 Poor
Communications:
 NGOs also recognize that there is very poor communication within
the sector.
 The majority of NGOs have little or no access to reliable email and
internet connections, they receive almost no literature on
development issues and are generally out of touch with issues of
global, regional and national importance.
 Development
Approaches:
Many NGOs are still focusing upon what some refer to the
‘hardware’ approach to development, i.e. the building of
infrastructure and the provision of services.
Rather than what some refer to as the ‘software’ approach
of empowering people and local institutions to manage their
own affairs.

11. Challenges facing NGOs
 Political
Interference:
In some regions, in particular South Rift and North Eastern,
NGO leaders identified the interference of local politicians and
civic leaders as a major hindrance to their work.
Where NGOs are involved in sensitive issues, such as land
disputes, local leaders can threaten NGOs with de-registration.
 NGO
Board and NGO Council:
Many participants were poorly informed of the difference between these
two institutions, NGO Coordination Board and the National Council of
NGOs;
 Unaware of their roles and responsibilities in relation to them.
 Most participants expressed the opinion that the NGO Code of Conduct is
outdated and needed updating soon.


12. Challenges facing NGOs
 Relationships
with NGOs:
There is considerable concern among local NGOs that the
giants, mainly INGOs, occupy so much space that it is
very difficult to find room for themselves.
INGOs often intervene without any concern for the
building of sustainable local CSOs.
Reference:
http://www.ilmkidunya.com/student_articles/role-of-ngos-indevelopment-111.aspx#sthash.sUXIAFsN.dpuf
www.stakeholderforum.org/fileadmin/
www.willamette.edu/~fthompso/ICPM/NonGovOrg