The Great Deaf

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The Great Deaf

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AKS ( Deafywood )

Institute National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris (INJS)
is the current name of the famous school for the Deaf
founded by Charles-Michel de l'Épée in 1760 in Paris,
France. (The date of the beginning of the school is often
given as 1755, but that is incorrect.) After the death of
Pare Venin in 1759, the Abbes de l'Épée was introduced
to two deaf girls who were in need of a new instructor.
The school began in 1760 and shortly thereafter was
opened to the public and became the world's first free
school for the deaf. It was originally located in a house
at 14 rue des Mullins, butte Saint-Roch, near the Louvre
in Paris. On July 29, 1791, the French legislature
approved government funding for the school and it
was renamed: "Institution National des Sourds-Muts à Paris.

Charles-Michel de l'Épée (born November 25,
1712, Versailles; died December 23, 1789, Paris)
was a philanthropic educator of 18th
century France who has become known as the
"Father of the Deaf".

Erastus "Deaf" Smith (April 19, 1787– November 30, 1837) was
an American frontiersman noted for his part in the Texas
Revolution and the army of the Republic of Texas. He fought at
the Grass Fight and the Battle of San Jacinto. After the war, Deaf
Smith led a company of Texas Rangers. Smith was born in Dutchess
County, New York. He was the son of Chilab and Mary Smith. In
1798, his family moved to near Natchez, Mississippi, where
the Grand Gulf Nuclear Generating Station is currently located. He
came to Texas in 1821 for health reasons but returned to Natchez in
1822. His health apparently recovered except for a partial loss of
hearing, hence the nickname "Deaf" Smith, pronounced "Deef
Smith." Smith, also known as "El Sordo," appeared in many areas
of Mexican Texas and was in most significant actions related to
development of the region both under Mexico and during evolution of
independence. At San Jose Mission, he introduced a fine stock of
Muley cattle from Louisiana to the San Antonio area, where the
Longhorn breed was previously popular. He used San Antonio de
Bexar as a base. Smith's family lived at the southwest corner of
Presa and Nueva Streets in San Antonio de Bexar.

First Sign Language

The recorded history of sign language began in 17th Century in Spain, in part
with Bonet. In 1620, Juan Pablo Bonet Summary of the letters and the art of
teaching speech to the mute") in Madrid. Considered the first modern treaty of
phonetics of signed language and the use of signed language to teach speech to
the deaf, this book depicted Bonet's form of a manual alphabet. His intent was to
further the oral and manual education of deaf people in Spain.

Ludwig van Beethoven 17 December 1770
26 March 1827) was a German composer and
pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between
the Classical and eras in Western art
music,he remains one of the most famous
and influential of all composers.
Loss of hearing
Around 1796, by the age of 26, Beethoven began to lose his
hearing. He suffered from a severe form of tinnitus, a "ringing"
in his ears that made it hard for him to hear music; he also
avoided conversation. The cause of Beethoven's deafness is
unknown, but it has variously been attributed to typhus, auto-
immune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), and
even his habit of immersing his head in cold water to stay
awake. The explanation from Beethoven's autopsy was that he
had a "distended inner ear," which developed lesions over time

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October
18, 1931) was an American inventor and
businessman. He developed many devices that
greatly influenced life around the world, including
the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a
long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed
"The Wizard of Menlo Park" (now Edison, New
Jersey) by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the
first inventors to apply the principles of mass
production and large teamwork to the process of
invention, and therefore is often credited with the
creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

He was test bulb 25000 time failed after won

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922)
was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator
who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone.
Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated
with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and
wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.
His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment
with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being
awarded the first US patentfor the telephone in 1876.In retrospect,
Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real
work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study

Born in 1747 in the Touraine region of France,
Pierre Desloges moved to Paris as a young
man, where he became a bookbinder and
upholsterer. He was deafened at age seven
from smallpox, but did not learn to sign until
he was twenty-seven, when he was taught by
a deaf Italian

Douglas Tilden (May 1, 1860 to August 5, 1935)
was a world-famous sculptor. Tilden was deaf and
attended the California School for the
Deaf in Berkeley, California (now in Fremont,
California).Tilden became deaf at the age of four
after a severe bout of scarlet fever.[2] After
graduating from the CA School for the Deaf, he
went on to attend UC Berkeley,but then left to
study art in Paris. Once in Paris, Tilden studied
under Paul Chopin, another deaf sculptor.
He made many statues that sit in San Francisco,
Berkeley, and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Teresa de Cartagena (c.1425–) was a Spanish
author and nun who fell deaf between 1453–1459,
which influenced her two known works
(Grove of the Infirm) and (Wonder at the Works of
God). The latter work represents what many critics
consider as the first feminist tract written by a
Spanish woman

Lon Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an
American actor during the age of silent films. He is regarded
as one of the most versatile and powerful actors of early
cinema, renowned for his characterizations of tortured,
often grotesque and afflicted characters, and his
groundbreaking artistry with makeup. Chaney is known
for his starring roles in such silent horror films as
The Hunchback of Notre Dame and The Phantom of the Opera.
His ability to transform himself using makeup techniques
he developed earned him the nickname "The Man of a
Thousand Faces."

Louise Fletcher (born July 22, 1934) is an American
actress best known for her role as Nurse Ratched in
One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, for which she won the
Academy Award for Best Actress, and as Kai Winn Adami in
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. She also guest starred on the
science fiction television series Heroes. She also received
Emmy nominations for her guest starring roles in Picket
Fences and Joan of Arcadia.

Edward Miner Gallaudet (February 5, 1837– September 26, 1917),
son of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Sophia Fowler Gallaudet, was a
famous early educator of the deaf in Washington, DC. As a youth, he
enjoyed working with tools and also built an "electrical machine." He
kept birds, fowl and rabbits, spending most of his time in the city, but
also occasionally venturing into the country. He had a fond memory of
climbing a hill with his father, and another fond memory of his father
introducing the subject of geometry to him. His father died when he
was 14, just after he graduated from Hartford High School. He then
went to work at a bank for three years. He didn't like the "narrowing
effect" of the mental monotony of the work, and he quit to go to work
as a teacher at the school his father founded. He worked there two
years, from 1855 to 1857. While he was teaching, he continued his
education at Trinity College in Hartford, completing his studies for a
bachelor of science degree two years later.

William Homer Thornberry (January 9, 1909 - December 12, 1995)
was a United States Representative from the 10th congressional district
of Texas from 1948 to 1963, and then was a federal judge

Mojo Mathers (born 23 November 1966) is a New Zealand
politician and a member of the New Zealand House of
Representatives. She became known through her involvement
with the Malvern Hills Protection Society and helped prevent
the Central Plains Water Trust's proposal to build a large
irrigation dam in Coalgate. She has been a senior policy
advisor to the Green Party since 2006 and has stood for the
party in the last three general elections. Her candidacy for
the 2011 election created significant media interest due to her
high placing on the Green Party's list. Mathers was elected to
the 50th term of Parliament, becoming the country's
first deaf Member of Parliament.

Luis Buñuel Portolés (Spanish pronunciation: 22 February 1900
– 29 July 1983) was a Spanish-bornfilmmaker who worked in Spain,
Mexico, France and the United States.

Oliver Heaviside (18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was a
self-taught Englishelectrical engineer, mathematician, and
physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of
electrical circuits, invented mathematical techniques to the
solution of differential equations (later found to be equivalent
To Laplace transforms), reformulated Maxwell's field equations
in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and
independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds
with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside
changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt (July 4, 1868 – December 12, 1921)
was an American astronomer. A graduate of Radcliffe College,
Leavitt went to work in 1893 at the Harvard College Observatory
in a menial capacity as a "computer", assigned to count images on
photographic plates. Study of the plates led Leavitt to propound a
groundbreaking theory, worked out while she labored as a
$10.50-a-week assistant, that made possible the pivotal discoveries
of astronomer Edwin Hubble. Leavitt's formulation of the
period-luminosity relationship ofCepheid variable stars provided the
foundation for a paradigm shift in modern astronomy, an accomplishment
for which she received almost no recognition during her lifetime.

Harold MacGrath (September 4, 1871 - October 30, 1932) was a bestselling
American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter. Also known occasionally
as Harold McGrath, he was born in Syracuse, New York. As a young man, he
worked as a reporter and columnist on the Syracuse Herald newspaper until the
late 1890s when he published his first novel, a romance titled Arms and the
Woman. According to the New York Times, his next book, The Puppet Crown,
was the No.7 bestselling book in the United States for all of 1901. From that
point on, McGrath never looked back, writing novels for the mass market
about love, adventure, mystery, spies, and the like at an average rate of more
than one a year. He would have three more of his books that were among the
top ten bestselling books of the year. At the same time, he penned a number
of short stories for major American magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post,
Ladies Home Journal, and Red Book magazine. Several of McGrath's novels
were serialized in these magazines and contributing to them was something
he would continue to do until his death in 1932

Sir William "Billy" McMahon (23 February 1908 – 31 March 1988),
was an Australian Liberal politician and the 20th Prime Minister of
Australia. He was the longest continuously serving government minister
in Australian history (21 years and 6 months) and the longest serving
Prime Minister never to have won an election.

We are aware that we have many more “first” Deaf doctors, scientists, etc in
the history. Please feel free to provide the name of Deaf people so we can
keep Deaf history alive. Enjoy reading. After graduating in 1983,
Dr. Pachciarz was chief resident in pathology for five years. She completed
a fellowship in transfusion medicine and blood banking, and was laboratory
director of a small county laboratory. She is currently a hospital pathologist
and director of the blood transfusion service at Charles R. Drew University
of Medicine and Science in Los Angeles.

When Zazove received his M.D. in 1978,
he became one of the first deaf physicians
in the United States. He then completed a
residency in Family Practice at the University
of Utah and hung out his shingle. After eight
successful years in private practice, he
accepted a position at the University of
Michigan Medical School

Robert Grant Aitken (December 31, 1864 – October 29, 1951) was an American
astronomer. Born in Jackson, California, he attended Williams College in Massachusetts
and graduated with an undergraduate degree in 1887. From 1887–1891, he worked as
a mathematics instructor at Livermore, California, then received his M.A. from Williams
College in 1892. He became a professor of mathematics at the College of the Pacific,
another liberal arts school. He was offered an assistant astronomer position at
Lick Observatory in California in 1895.

He discovered 3,000 double star system. He
wrote “Double Star Measures”. A crater on the
moon is named after him.

Guillaume Amontons (31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705)
was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist. He
was one of the pioneers in tribology, along with Leonardo
da Vinci, John Theophilus Desaguliers, Leonard Euler and
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb.

One of the first scientists to study
absolute temperature. He developed
some of the first barometers and
thermometers.

Ruth Benedict (born Ruth Fulton, June 5, 1887 –
September 17, 1948) was
an American anthropologist, cultural relativist, and
folklorist. She was born in New York City, and
attended Vassar College, graduating in 1909. She
entered graduate studies at Columbia University in
1919, studying under Franz Boas, receiving
her PhD and joining the faculty in 1923. Margaret
Mead, with whom she may have shared a romantic
relationship and Marvin Opler were among her
students and colleagues.

First Deaf Natural history
Charles Bonnet (March 13, 1720 – May 20,
1793), Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer, was born at
Geneva, of a French family driven into Switzerland by the
religious persecution in the 16th century. Bonnet's life was
uneventful. He seems never to have left Switzerland, nor does
he appear to have taken any part in public affairs except for
the period between 1752 and 1768, during which he was a
member of the council of the republic. The last twenty five
years of his life he spent quietly in the country, at Genthod,
near Geneva, where he died after a long and painful illness on
20 May 1793. His wife was a lady of the family of De la Rive.
They had no children, but Madame Bonnet's nephew, the
celebrated Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, was brought up as
their son.

Astronomer
Annie Jump Cannon (December 11, 1863 –
April 13, 1941) was
an American astronomer whose cataloging work
was instrumental in the development of
contemporary stellar classification. With Edward
C. Pickering, she is credited with the creation of
the Harvard Classification Scheme, which was
the first serious attempt to organize and classify
stars based on their temperatures.

Swedish Chemist
Caption: Anders Ekeberg. Portrait of Anders
Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish chemist and
mineralogist (1767-1813). Ekeberg became a
full professor at Uppsala in 1794 and was
elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences. Around 1795 he began investigating
yttrium, a newly discovered heavy metal and
found that it contained another unknown heavy
metal which he called tantalum. He introduced
the theories of Lavoisier into Sweden, and had
the distinction of being the teacher of the
composer Berzelius

British Electrical Scientist
Sir John Ambrose Fleming FRS (29 November 1849 – 18
April 1945) was an English electrical engineer and physicist.
He is known for inventing the first thermionic
valve or vacuum tube, the diode, then called the kenotron in
1904. He is also famous for the left hand rule (for electric
motors). He was born the eldest of seven children of James
Fleming DD (died 1879), a Congregational minister, and his
wife, Mary Ann, at Lancaster, Lancashire and baptized on 11
February 1850. He was a devout Christian and preached on
one occasion at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London on the topic
of evidence for the resurrection. In 1932, along with Douglas
Dewar and Bernard Acworth, he helped establish
the Evolution Protest Movement. Having no children, he
bequeathed much of his estate to Christian charities,
especially those that helped the poor. He was an
accomplished photographer and, in addition, he painted
watercolours and enjoyed climbing in the Alps.

American Botatanist
Thomas Meehan (21 March 1826 Potters Bar, which was
in Middlesex at the time and is now in Hertfordshire, England–19
November 1901), was a noted British-born nurseryman, botanist
and author. He worked as a Kew gardener in 1846–1848, and
thereafter he moved to Germantown in Philadelphia. He was the
founder of Meehan’s Monthly (1891–1901) and editor
of Gardener’s Monthly (1859–1888).
Meehan grew up on the Isle of Wight. His interest in plants was
sparked by his father, who was a gardener. He published his first
botanical contribution at age fourteen, which led to his
membership of the Wernernian Society. His knowledge and skills
resulted in his securing a position at Kew Gardens from 1846 to
1848, where he was influenced by William Jackson Hooker.

British Astronomer
John Goodricke FRS (17 September 1764 – 20 April
1786) was an eminent and profoundly deaf amateur
astronomer. He is best known for his observations of
the variable star Algol (Beta Persei) in 1782. John
Goodricke, named after his grandfather Sir John
Goodricke (see Goodricke Baronets of Ribston Hall), was
born in Groningen in the Netherlands, but lived most of
his life in England. He was profoundly deaf through most
of his life, due to scarlet fever in early childhood. His
parents sent him to Thomas Braidwood's Academy,
a school for deaf pupils in Edinburgh, and in 1778 to
the Warrington Academy.

First Deaf Noble Award
Charles Jules Henry Nicolle (21 September
1866 Rouen - 28 February 1936 Tunis) was a
French bacteriologist who received the Nobel
Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as
the transmitter of epidemic typhus. He learned
about biology early from his father Eugène
Nicolle, a doctor at a Rouen hospital. He was
educated at the Lycée Pierre Corneille in
Rouen[1] He received his M.D. in 1893 from
the Pasteur Institute. At this point he returned
to Rouen, as a member of the Medical Faculty
until 1896 and then as Director of the
Bacteriological Laboratory. In 1903 Nicolle
became Director of the Pasteur Institute in
Tunis, where he did his Nobel Prize-winning
work on typhus. He was still director of the
Institute when he died in 1936.

Russia Rocket pioneer
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (17
September [O.S. 5 September] 1857 – 19
September 1935) was an Imperial
Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer
of the astronautic theory. Along with his
followers the German Hermann Oberth and the
American Robert H. Goddard, he is considered to
be one of the founding fathers of rocketry
and astronautics. His works later inspired leading
Soviet rocket engineers such as Sergey
Korolyov and Valentin Glushko and contributed
to the success of the Soviet space program.

American Pediatric Cardiologist

Helen Brooke Taussig (May 24, 1898 - May
20, 1986) was an American cardiologist, working
in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field
of pediatric cardiology. Notably, she is credited
with developing the concept for a procedure that
would extend the lives of children born with
Tetrology of Fallot (also known as blue baby
syndrome). This concept was applied in practice
as a procedure known as the Blalock-Taussig
shunt. The procedure was developed by Dr.
Alfred Blalock and Vivien Thomas, who were
Taussig's colleagues at the Johns Hopkins
Hospital.

FIRST DEAF ARMY
Keith Nolan joined the Reserve Officers Training Corps about a year ago,
where he has excelled in academic and field training. His superiors say
he has all the makings of a model soldier. The problem is,
the Army doesn’t accept deaf soldiers.

Former Northampton resident Keith Nolan has long dreamed of joining the Army.
He’s not allowed to because he is deaf.

Nolan attended Northampton's former Clarke School for the Deaf, now called Clarke
Schools for Hearing and Speech, until 1994, when he moved to Maryland. His father,
Kevin Nolan, was a guidance counselor and teacher at Clarke School for 21 years,
and was a Ward 2 city councilor from 1986 to 1987. Now living in Waltham, he is
believed to have been the first born-deaf person elected to public office in the country.

2.Raymond T. Atwood, American
Bacteriologist. He focused on the
production of vitamins and
antibodies.

3.Kreigh B. Ayers, American
Chemist He was one of first deaf
chemists hired by Goodyear in World
War I.

4.Donald L. Ballantyne, American Professor
of Experimental Surgery (1922 –2012
present)He was known authority on
transplantation techniques. He was first Deaf
Professor of Experimental Surgery and Director
of the Microsurgical Research and Training
Laboratories.

5.Lewis H. Babbitt, American Herpetologist
He was a curator for the Worcester Natural History
Society. He traveled and gave lectures about
reptiles at schools across the nation

6.Robert J. Farquharson, American Civil War
Surgeon 1824 – 1884). He was appionted by
Andrew Johnson as surgeon during the Civil War,
Fourth Tennessee Infantry. He later founded the
Academy of Sciences which he was President in
Iowa.

7. Regina Olson Hughes, Scientific
Illustrator 1895 – 1993) She illustrated many
flower species that scientists collected from all over
the world. She was only deaf artist to have solo
exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution. She was
honored by having two different new species named
for her.

8.Donald J. Kidd, Canadian Geologist 1922 – 1966)
He was first person to receive doctoral degree in Canada.
He conducted research in geology. He was an instructor at
Gallaudet College.

9.Leo Lesquereux, American
Paleobotanist 1806 – 1889)
He was one of great founders of fossil botany in
North America. He classified and named fossils.
He described over 900 species of mosses.

10.James H. Logan, American
Microscopist 1843 – 1917)
He acquired a patent for an improvement in the
microscope. He donated some species to schools as
well as Gallaudet College.

11.Gerald M. McCarthy, American
Entomologist 1858 – 1915)
He was state bontanist in NC until 1893. He built a
laboratory to analyze the quality of drinking water

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