2. Nursing Process
Is a systematic method of
planning, delivering and evaluating
individualized patient care.
Is a scientific method of solving
problem at any state of health or
illness.
Is the foundation for nursing practice
(blueprint)
3. Characteristics of the Nursing
Process
Has a systematic and organized
components:
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
4. Assessment
Is a systematic collection and analysis
of data culminating in a nursing
diagnosis.
Sources of Information:
Primary Source. Client provides
subjective data
Secondary Source. Family, caregivers,
medical records, literature, nurse’s notes
etc.
5. Cont.
Methods of Data Collection:
Interview- process of talking to people
Observation. Synonymous to
watching, surveillance, scrutiny. Use of
senses
Physical Assessment.
6. Community Health Needs
Needs Assessment – is a process of
looking at many kinds of information
about a target group, population or
community. Includes
demographic/census data, surveys and
interviews of population.
Health Needs Assessment. Is the
process of systematically collecting
information to enable the
practitioners, team and policy-makers to
identify , analyze, prioritize and meet
the health needs of an individual, family
7. Cont.
Community Health Needs
Assessment. Is a process that
describes the state of health of local
people, enables the identification of
the major risk interventions that are
needed.
Is a way of using information to plan
healthcare and public health programs
in the future.
8. Purpose of Community Health
Needs Assessment
Enable the health
practitioners, NGO’s, civic societies
and policy-makers to identify the
member to identify the health needs of
the population.
To identify priority health needs
Develop community particapation and
involvement.
9. Steps of Community Health
Needs Assessment
Profiling- collection of relevant data or
information.
Deciding the major health issues.
Planning public health and health care
program
Implementing the planned activities.
Evaluation of health outcomes.
10. Components of CHNA
Health Status- is the standing or
condition of the population as
indicated by the morbidity, mortality
and fertility rates. (MMR).
11. Factors Contributes to the
Disproportionate Burden of
Diseases Experience by
Marginalized Communities
Mortality data. Describes pattern of
death in relation to age, gender and
causes of death.
basic measure of epidemiology – study
of disease in population.
collected nationally, regionally and locally
from death certificate.
12. Cont.
Indicates deaths from
diseases, accidents, suicides and
homicides and the general health of the
population in terms of life expectancy.
•
•
•
Morbidity data. Information of types of
illness and disability, their incidence
and prevalence.
Behavioral Measures. Indicators of
health (smoking proven causes ill
health)
Quality of life measures. Physical
assessment, psychological wellbeing.
14. Health Resources
Are assets, means, strengths and
skills that are contributory to the
promotion of health and well-being
that exist within communities to meet
the needs of individuals, families or
social groups
15.
Resources of Health
Informal families delivers the greatest part of all
care services in the community.
- burden of care primarily falls to women and can
have significant effects on their health status.
- government, private or voluntary systems of care
supplements the family or fill in where no family
network exist.
Formal. Educational resources, agencies including
health services and sectors that have an impact on
health
-political, religious organizations that provides
economic assistance and health and social care.
16. Kinds of resources in a
Community
Knowledge and skills in caring for and
promoting health.
Health careers (family and friends)
Social support networks; communitybased organizations
Resources
(money, shops, food, transport)
The ability to cope in often very
difficult circumstances (supportive
interpersonal relationship
17. Health Action Potential. Is a complex
activity and should be undertaken
where the more local people are
involved in action planning, the more
likely that the plans will be accepted
and implemented.
Collaboration with other organizations
and agencies as partners in health
planning
18. Action Planning Stages
Preparation stage.
Agreeing to the aims set by the group
Describing the objectives of the
program or project.
Detailing the activities needed to meet
the objectives
Evaluation of the outcomes.
19. Community Diagnosis
Is the statement of the client’s current
health status and concerns which
were obtained from the assessment
data and are can be minimized or
resolved through nursing
interventions..
Clinical judgement about
individual, family or community.
20. Types of Nursing Problems
Actual – currently or presently
experienced or perceived by client.
And validated with the presence of
signs and symptoms
Risk/high risk. Potential of developing
in the future due to the presence of
certain risk factors. And may develop
into full blown illness or disorder.
21. Types of Nursing Problems
Possible. Problem that may exist but
needs addition data. Will alert the
nurse to undertake further data
collection and observation.
Syndrome. Combination or group of
actual or high-risk nursing diagnosis
that all relate to serious event or
situation
22. Community Diagnosis
Is a statement of the health and
health-related problems of the
community or which have a high risk
of developing and the possible causes
or causative organisms and the
contributory factors.
The end result of data collection and
analysis
23. Types of Community
Diagnosis
Comprehensive. Aims to obtain
general information about community
like demographic variables, socioeconomic/cultural, health and illness
pattern, health
resources, political/leadership pattern.
Problem oriented or Focused
diagnosis. Responds to a particular
problem or need.
24. Steps of Conducting Community
Diagnosis
Determine the objective
Define the study population
Determine the data to be gathered
Collect the data
Develop the instrument
Actual data gathering
Data collation
Data presentation
Data analysis
Problem identification
Health status- mortality, morbidity, fertility
Health resources-money, manpower, materials, institution
Health related-environment, culture, economic political
Prioritization of health problems.
25. Prioritizing Health Problems
Health problem- is a situation where
there is a demonstrated health need
combined with actual or potential
resources to apply immediate
measures and a commitment to act on
the part of the provider or the client.
26. Nature or Categories of Health
Problems
Health Threat. Conditions that are
conducive to disease, accident or failure
to realize one’s potential. E.g., hereditary
history of diseases, accident hazards,
unhealthy lifestyle, etc.
Health deficit. When there is gap
between actual and achievable health
status which may be due to failures in
health maintenance. E.g. Repeated
infections, miscarriage, illness, disability,
transient (aphasia, paralysis because of
27. Nature or Categories of Health
Problems
Foreseeable crisis. Anticipated periods
of unusual demand on the individual
or family in terms of adjustment/family
resources. e.g.
Marriage, pregnancy, divorce, separati
on, loss of job and death.
29. Modifiability of the Problem
Refers to the probability of success in
minimizing, alleviating or totally
eradicating through intervention.
30. Preventive Potential
Refers to the nature and magnitude of
future problems that can be minimized
or totally prevented if intervention is
done on the problem under
consideration
31. Salience or Social Concern
Refers to community’s perception and
evaluation of the problem in terms of
seriousness and urgency of attention
needed; it is the degree of
seriousness or importance of the
problem as perceived by the
community
32. Demography
Is the science of vital and social statistics like
marriages, births, deaths of the population.
It is the statistical study of the population
specifically with references to size, destiny
and distribution,
Demographic data includes demographic
features (population, population
density, sources of power, communication
services and land use); physical
infrastructure (roadworks, transportation and
water supply); Social features ( health status
(leading cause of mortality/morbidity; % of
malnourish children, health facilities and
services, toilet facilities, garbage collection
and disposal and education)
33. Sources of Demograhic Data
Surveys:
a. Census
De Jure- consist of data from place
of origin.
De facto- registration where it
happened or the person is registered
in the place where he/she was
located or staying when the census
was taken.
b. Survey
34. Sources of Demograhic Data
Continuing Population Registers –
computers monitor birth records.
Other records and registration system.
35. Sources of Data on Health
Vital Registration Records
a. RA 3753 (Civil Registry Law)
registration of births, deaths to local
registrars (city health officer or
municipal treasurer)
b. Problems: underregistration and de
facto registration; unreported birth –
unreported death.
36. Sources of Data on Health
Weekly reports from feild health
personnel based on RA3573
Population census
Individual census.
Individual health records/family
records
Publications
