Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures - Madrid
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Presentation by students off IE University's Master in Global Environmental Change for the Biari (Brown International Advanced Research Institute) international workshop on world cities and climate change, held from 31 May to 2 June in Madrid.
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Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures - Madrid
- 1. Tentative Policy Measures for Madrid’s Climate Change Plan 2013 - 2017 Alessandro Faia, Judith Cruxent, María Arnal, Mariana Botero Master in Global Environmental Change
- 3. Background
- 4. Madrid is the result of political decisions made centuries ago
- 5. Constant annual population growth rate in non urban settlements. Roquer and Blay (2008)
- 9. The Problem
- 10. Impacts of climate change in Spain will be harsher for the center-east of the Iberian peninsula (Garcia and Alvarez, 2008)
- 11. Madrid’s climate is mediterranean continental plus Urban Heat Island effect
- 12. 5.000.000 in a radius<50km 20% <5 years old and >65 years old (Garcia and Alvarez, 2008)
- 13. PUSECC 2008 contains 55 measures to achieve 14% emissions abatement by 2012 € 101,229,000
- 14. Work areas
- 16. Source: Summary of GHG Emissions Inventory of the City of Madrid. (1990-2007)
- 17. Source: Summary of GHG Emissions Inventory of the City of Madrid. (1990-2007)
- 18. Methodology
- 19. Methodology CRITERIA Environmental effectiveness Legal competence Cost effectiveness Technical viability Scale issues Time issues Stakeholders Political opportunity
- 21. Elite interviews TOPICS QUESTIONS Energy efficiency certification What kinds of certifications exist in the field of energy efficiency for businesses? ISO 16001, ISO 50001 What characteristics and improvements have been made to the ISO 50001 from ISO 16001? Industrial sector What advantages are generated for the industrial sector by certification, beyond enhancing its image? Are there substantial business gains? The role of public entities What role can the Municipality of Madrid play with the ISO 50001 in terms of reduction in energy consumption and in emissions? Possibility and effectiveness of incentives What are the requirements and advantages of ISO 50001? Is it probable that the Municipality will give incentives to businesses that get certified under ISO 50001? What role can the Municipality play with ISO 50001? Was UNI EN 16001 effective in terms of GHG emissions? How many businesses have undertaken it in Madrid?
- 22. Policy Measures
- 23. “ Ideas are works of bricolage…they are, almost inevitably, networks of other ideas.” Steven Johnson “ Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation"
- 24. Proposal A Cool Roofs
- 25. Cool Roofs have higher solar reflectance and thermal emittance than conventional roofs
- 26. Cool Roofs have been used in Europe for thousands of years Santorini, Greece
- 32. Aestethic and practical reasons rule out implementation of Cool Roofs in the city centre
- 33. Bus stations, train stations, public offices are ideal for Cool Roofs
- 37. Cooling costs: 3,046€/year Decrease: 3,275€/year Heating costs: 18,873€/year Increase: 2,331€/year Total savings: 944€/ year
- 39. PROPOSAL A COOL ROOFS CRITERIA EVALUATION Environmental effectiveness Legal competence Cost effectiveness Technical viability Scale issues Time issues Stakeholders Political opportunity
- 40. Proposal B Intermodal parkings
- 41. 120 international missions to gather insights about Madrid’s public transportation system (Comunidad de Madrid, 2010)
- 44. Source: www.esmadrid.com Tolled Highways
- 45. Congestion
- 46. 1,100,000 Circulating vehicles 532,000 Experience congestion Source: RACC, 2009
- 47. 329,000h/day 3.4m€/day Source: RACC, 2009
- 48. 7 work days Per each citizen per year 839m€/year Source: RACC, 2009
- 49. CMT - PARKING PLAN 50.000 spots 30 locations 16 «ideal» 2 completed
- 53. PROPOSAL B INTERMODAL PARKINGS CRITERIA EVALUATION Environmental effectiveness Legal competence Cost effectiveness Technical viability Scale issues Time issues Stakeholders Political opportunity
- 54. Proposal C ISO 50001
- 62. PROPOSAL C ISO50001 CRITERIA EVALUATION Environmental effectiveness Legal competence Cost effectiveness Technical viability Scale issues Time issues Stakeholders Political opportunity
- 64. Q&A
Notes de l'éditeur
- Generates more wealth than the national average Attracts knowledge and labour – professionals, migrants Prominent tertiary sector Weaknesses Energy and resources demand > production capacity Need to import raw materials and energy Pressure on land use change
- Total population of Comunidad de Madrid 606 km2 0.12% national territory 7% total population 10% of national income Mediterranean continental climate Rigid winters, hot summers Average temperature: 12° Urban Heat Island effect
- 49 mitigation, 6 adaptation
- Increasing the solar reflectance of the urban surface reduces its solar heat gain, lowers its temperatures, and decreases its outflow of thermal infrared radiation into the atmosphere
- Retrofitting 100 m2 of roof has an effect on radiative forcing equivalent to a one-time offset of 10 tonnes of CO2. Cool roofing can be undertaken immediately outside of international negotiations to cap CO2 emissions. Akbari et al. (2008) estimate the worldwide cooling potential of white roofs and cool pavements in all major tropical and temperate cities (about 1% of Earth’s land area) is equivalent to offsetting roughly 44 Gt CO2 emissions. This in turn would be equivalent to avoiding a year’s worth of global CO2 emissions.
- The values are generally expressed in kWh/m2/day. This is the amount of solar energy that strikes a square metre of the earth's surface in a single day. Of course this value is averaged to account for differences in the days' length. There are several units that are used throughout the world.
- Roughly 30% of the sun's visible radiation (wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm) is reflected back to space by the atmosphere or the Earth's surface. The reflectivity of the Earth or any body is referred to as its albedo, defined as the ratio of light reflected to the light received from a source, expressed as a number between zero (total absorption) and one (total reflectance).
- Roughly 30% of the sun's visible radiation (wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm) is reflected back to space by the atmosphere or the Earth's surface. The reflectivity of the Earth or any body is referred to as its albedo, defined as the ratio of light reflected to the light received from a source, expressed as a number between zero (total absorption) and one (total reflectance).
- Roughly 30% of the sun's visible radiation (wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm) is reflected back to space by the atmosphere or the Earth's surface. The reflectivity of the Earth or any body is referred to as its albedo, defined as the ratio of light reflected to the light received from a source, expressed as a number between zero (total absorption) and one (total reflectance).
- Roughly 30% of the sun's visible radiation (wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm) is reflected back to space by the atmosphere or the Earth's surface. The reflectivity of the Earth or any body is referred to as its albedo, defined as the ratio of light reflected to the light received from a source, expressed as a number between zero (total absorption) and one (total reflectance).
- Roughly 30% of the sun's visible radiation (wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm) is reflected back to space by the atmosphere or the Earth's surface. The reflectivity of the Earth or any body is referred to as its albedo, defined as the ratio of light reflected to the light received from a source, expressed as a number between zero (total absorption) and one (total reflectance).
- Roughly 30% of the sun's visible radiation (wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm) is reflected back to space by the atmosphere or the Earth's surface. The reflectivity of the Earth or any body is referred to as its albedo, defined as the ratio of light reflected to the light received from a source, expressed as a number between zero (total absorption) and one (total reflectance).
- Roughly 30% of the sun's visible radiation (wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm) is reflected back to space by the atmosphere or the Earth's surface. The reflectivity of the Earth or any body is referred to as its albedo, defined as the ratio of light reflected to the light received from a source, expressed as a number between zero (total absorption) and one (total reflectance).