Presentation from the Italian students

1. Welcome everybody!!!
Bau Bau Bau
Do you remember me?
I’m IGOR!!!

2. SOLARTHERMAL ENERGY
Solar Energy is the primary source for
excellence. Every year the sun radiates on
the Earth 19.000 billions of TEO (tonnes
equivalents oil), while the Energy annual
demand is about 10 billions of TEO.
In Italy the annual demand is about 190
millions of TEO. Practically all the Energy
today we use, it has originated from solar
radiation, including fossil fuels. The
potential of energy obtained by heat
derived form sun is able to satisfy good
part of the thermal necessities and a
share non – marginal of electric energy,
and finally it is possible to have the
necessary heat in the production of the
biological fuels.

3. The quantity of solar energy that arrives on the ground is so huge, about 10 000
times more than all the energy used from the humanity, but it is not very
concentrated, because it is necessary to gather energy from areas widest in
order to have significant quantities and, instead, it is difficult to convert into
energy easily exploitable with acceptable efficiencies. For its exploitation need
technology products of high cost that now make the solar energy much expensive
compared with others methods of energy production at present. The development
of technologies that can make economic the use of the solar energy is a sector of
the research very active but, in this moment it didn’t had revolutionary results
yet.

4. This is a picture of the European situation regarding the use of the
principal sources of alternative energy.

5. In Italy the principal
towns favourable to the
installation of solar
thermal power plants are
in Sicilia, Sardegna,
Calabria, Puglia, Basilicata
and Campania. They are
lands not cultivable and
they’re generally located
along the coast and in the
level hinterland
immediate.

6. In these sites, where the direct
solar radiation reaches 1650 kWh
year for square meter, it is
possible to produce with the
thermoelectric solar, a medium
term, the 30% of electricity
consumed in Italy at present. To
achieve this result need an area
of about 800 square kilometres
(including a space between a
mirror and the other): a area not
big, that can be split between six
countries, and into each
countries, in multiple sites. The
technology usable is that of the
linear parabolic mirrors. To
install a sufficient number to
produce the 30% of the
electricity consumed in Italy,
need an area of about 30 square
kilometres each side (including a
space between a mirror and the
other): a area not big, that can
be split between six countries,
and into each countries, in
multiple sites.

7. SOLAR CENTRAL
MIRROR CENTRAL
The solar central to
mirror is constituted
from a field of mirrors,
which attract the solar
rays sending them to
the boiler.
The solar rays that
arriving to the boiler,
overheat the present
water making
evaporating: the vapour
starts up a turbine
that, connected to an
alternator produce
electric energy.

8. PHOTOVOLTAIC CENTRAL
The Photovoltaic central is constituted by a series of panels called solar cells
or photovoltaic cells. In them it is present a particular element, the silicon
that, suitably treated, it has the capacity to generate directly electric
energy when it’s hit by sunlight. The photovoltaic cell is like a circle of 10 cm
of diameter and it’s supported by many others until you obtain the quantity
of electricity required.

9. SOLAR THERMAL
Solar thermal is a system able to transform the radiates energy from sun in
thermal energy, usually called heat, that can be used in daily use, as for
example the water heating services or the heating of the environments.
In the buildings, the solar thermal systems are devices that allow capturing
the solar energy, storing it and using it in various ways.
They’re made from thermal solar modules commonly called solar collectors.
This simple devices use the heat of the sun to heat the water for household
use (shower, dish, washing machine, etc).
The solar thermal system consists in the set of components whose the solar
collector is one of the principal elements. The collectors allow to heat water
and to use them in the best way.
The minimum system consists in:
• solar collector
•theat Exchange
•ank that allows to
store the hot water
produced
• plant engineering
d on how the panel does circulate the liquid inside it, the panels are divided into:
ar collactors to natural circulation
ar collactors to forced circulation

10. FORCED CIRCULATION
Systems to forced circulation are use
for production of sanity water and
they’re particularly suitable for
systems which integrate the heating.
The solar panels have inside some tubes
where slides a liquid that when it is
exposed to the sun gets heat. A
controller measures the temperature
reached by the liquid and that of water
contained inside the tank. If the liquid
into the panels è more hot than water
contained in the tank, the controller
starts a pump that pushes the liquid
into the circuit with the objective of to
pass trough an internal coil to the tank.
Trough the coil there is the passage of
heat from liquid to the water of the
tank, that arrives in the circuit of the
house’s sanitary water.
Advantages: high efficiency, with
minimum visual impact from the moment
that the tank staying within a boiler
room.

11. NATURAL CIRCULATION
The natural circulation systems are systems suitable to the production of
sanitary water. They’re characterised by a tank on the top of the solar
panel. The rays of the sun heats the liquid contained into the tubes of the
solar panel, this goes up in a natural way until reaching the tank. Here the
liquid gives heat to internal water to tank that, heated, enters into the
sanitary hydraulic circuit of the house.
Advantages:
•limited cost,
•don’t use circulatory or other
electric elements.
Environmental benefits:
are multiple and go from emissions
absent of carbon dioxide, sulphur,
nitrogen oxides and dust as well as
heat. The collectors help to don’t
increase the planet heating, which
now reached critics levels in recent
years.

12. ADVANTAGES
Solar water heating is a renewable energy source non polluting substances
enter and is at no cost.
DISADVANTAGES
Solar water heating require large areas for the installation of the panels,
high cost of the plants, due to a poor diffusion of technology.