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1. Subject: 4
Title: Determination of FIVE-DAY BIOLOGICALOXYGEN
DEMAND
Lecturer: Hassan Mohammad
Subject Objectives:
At the end of this subject student be able to have a
Wright sampling in any water sources and
determine BOD5 in it.
Scientific Contents:
In this subject we will cover Background Information
and The source of oxygen in water and How
Dissolved Oxygen changes in Water Supplies and
the traditional way for determination it.
3. ο½ The presence of a sufficient concentration of
dissolved oxygen is critical to maintaining the
aquatic life and aesthetic quality of streams and
lakes.
ο½ Determining how organic matter affects the
concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a stream
or lake is integral to water-quality management.
ο½ The decay of organic matter in water is measured
as biological oxygen demand.
ο½ Oxygen demand is a measure of the amount of
oxidizable substances in a water sample that can
lower DO concentrations (Nemerow, 1974;
Tchobanoglous and Schroeder, 1985).
4. ο½ Biochemical oxygen demand represents the
amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other
microorganisms while they decompose organic
matter under aerobic conditions at a specified
temperature.
ο½ Accurate measurement of BOD requires an accurate
determination of DO.
5. ο½ The carbonaceous stage, or first stage, represents
that portion of oxygen demand involved in the
conversion of organic carbon to carbon dioxide.
ο½ The nitrogenous stage, or second stage, represents
a combined carbonaceous plus nitrogeneous
demand, when organic nitrogen, ammonia, and
nitrite are converted to nitrate.
ο½ nitrification can occur in less than 5 days if
ammonia, nitrite, and nitrifying bacteria are
present.
6. ο½ Supplies Constant-temperature chamber
ο½ BOD bottles
ο½ Thermometer
ο½ Sodium thiosulfate 0.25N
ο½ Dissolve 1.575 g of Na2SO3 or NaS2O3 in 1 L of deionized water.
ο½ This solution is not stable and should be prepared daily to weekly, as
needed. Store refrigerated in a dark bottle.
ο½ Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 50 %
ο½ KI-NaOH solution
ο½ 15 g of Kl is dissolved in 25 ml of water plus 66 ml of
saturated NaOH,
ο½ then diluted to 100 ml.
ο½ Manganese(II) Sulfate
ο½ 48 g of MnSO4.4H2O in sufficient deionized water to make
100 ml.
7. ο½ Transfer the sample to a 300 ml BOD bottle, taking
care to minimize exposure to air.
ο½ To minimize sample degradation, store chilled without
freezing (maintain a temperature from 1 to 4Β°C).
ο½ If a sample is refrigerated prior to analysis, allow the
sample to warm to 20Β°C before starting the test.
ο½ The maximum holding time of a sample to be analyzed
for BOD is 24 hours.
8. ο½ Its same to The classical method for the
determination of dissolved oxygen in aqueous
solutions (the Winkler Method).
ο½ TECHNICAL NOTE:
ο½ If using (the Winkler Method) to measure DO
concentration, double the sample volume and
number of bottles to account for determining an
initial DO and a final DO.
9. ο½ The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least
1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration
than the initial DO (American Public Health
Association and others, 1995).
11. References:
1-Molles,M,C.1999.Ecology(concepts and
application):Mc Graw Hill Publisher.509pp
2-Bush,M.B.1997.Ecology of changing planet:
Prentice Hall, Inc. Publisher.434pp
3- Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 3rd Ed.,
Douglas A. Skoog and Donald M. West, 1976,
Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
4- 097 Environmental Chemistry of Boston
Harbor β IAP 2006