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AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS DE CARVALHOS
Language Portfolio
My Dossier (year 11)
Language Portfolio (year 11) – Vocabulary / Grammar 3
Vocabulary / Grammar - 3
It’s Consuming Society
Vocabulary
“The philosophy behind much advertising is based on the old observation that every man is really two men – the man he is
and the man he wants to be.” - by William Feather. However, in relation to adverts, “If it doesn’t sell, it isn’t creative.” - by
David Ogilvy (http://www.directcreative.com/wise-and-witty-quotes-about-advertising.html)
Consumerism is closely related to advertising. Let’s analyse some posters; use the vocabulary and ideas you have
been discussing in class the following activities.
A. Label the posters below.
brand and logo
target public _teenagers____
_________________________________
image is grey expresses solemn and formal
atmosphere; expression of man is serious and express
courage
______product___________
_____slogan_______________
red – dominant colour; represents the colour
of the product and the origin (fruit); also refers to
passion – for the product
shape of the product; imitation of the product
ingredient
Brand
Slogan

Language Portfolio
Ads - never .... only if...
Grammar
Advertising not only communicates an idea but also encourages, persuades and manipulates.
You have already done some grammar activities both in class and at home. Nonetheless you should probably do
more tasks. So, I suggest you go to the school library and look for more exercises in the grammar books. You can
also look for activities on the Internet. Below there are some examples / suggestions.
You must look for exercises on: - A. conditional sentences type III (hypothetical conditional)
- B. inversion of the subject and verb
A. 1. Rewrite the following Conditional Sentences.
a) We don’t have much money. We can’t buy better equipment.
If we had had much money, we would have bought better equipment_________________________________
b) I ate too much at the party. I felt sick afterwards.
If I hadn't ate to much at the party I wouldn't felt sick afterwards_____________________________________
c) Kim is always late. We don’t start on time.
If Kim hasn't always late, we would have started on time___________________________________________
d) I hit my head on the windscreen. I didn’t wear the seat belt.
If I had worn the seat belt, I wouldn't have hit my head on the windscreen_____________________________
e) “Don’t run fast, or you’ll be tired.”
If you had run slowly, you wouldn't have been tired_______________________________________________
f) I didn’t win the race. I didn’t start the training on time.
If I had started the training on time, I would have won the race______________________________________
B. 1. Use the Inversion of the Subject to complete the sentences below..
a) If he had seen her, he would have recognized her.
Had _____________________________________________________________________________________
b) She has never succeeded.
Never has she succeeded____________________________________________________________________
c) Parents know little of what goes in their children’s minds.
Little ____________________________________________________________________________________
d) It could hardly be otherwise in a multiracial society like that.
Hardly _could it be otherwise in a multiracial society like that.______________________________________
e) He will never in his life make such a big profit.
Never _will he make in his life such a big profit___________________________________________________
f) It has at no time been more difficult to fight forest fires than nowadays.
At no time _has forest fires been more difficult to fight than nowadays_______________________________

Language Portfolio
Culture and Diversity
Vocabulary
“Do you think of cultural, racial and ethnic diversity as a melting pot, a mosaic or tapestry, tossed salad, vegetable soup, or
some other equally picturesque description? All of these descriptions are pleasant and colorful reminders of the richness that
comes from differences.”
http://www.pakeys.org/uploadedContent/Docs/ECMH/Focus%20on%20ECMH-Diversity.pdf
Do the following activities on words.
A. Match the words and their definitions
1 multicultural 10 a) separation or isolation of a class, race or ethnic group
2 social friction
6 b) a strong feeling of dislike or fear of foreigners, their
customs, their religions, etc.
3 integration
9 c) a document that legally allows a person from other
country to live and work in the US
4 discrimination
2 d) discord in society, characterized by unrest among social
classes and immigrants
5 creed
7 e) when available goods and services, or social and cultural
influences, gradually become similar in all parts of the
world
6 xenophobia
1 f) including people of several different races, religions,
languages and traditions
7 melting pot
3 g) incorporation as equals into society of individuals of
different ethnic cultural groups
8 country
11 h) a change in the cultural behavior and thinking of a person
through contact with another culture
9 green card
14 i) the practice of treating somebody or a particular group
less fairly than others
10 segregation
7 j) a place where a variety of races, cultures or individuals
come together and create a society
11 acculturation 5 k) the basic beliefs of a person or group
12 citizen
13 l) a person who comes to a country to take up permanent
residence
13 immigrant
14 m) a person leaving his/her own country and settling down
somewhere else
14 emigrant
12 n) a person who was born or lives in a certain country for a long
time and has full rights
15 globalization 8 o) the land of a person’s birth, residence or citizenship

Language Portfolio
B. Place the words in the box below in the table under one of the headings.
Customs -1 Discrimination -2 Refugee -3 Food -1
Migration -3 Language -1 Prejudice -2 Marriage -3
Unemployment -3 Exploitation -3/2 Race -1 Creed -1
multicultural aspects negative attitudes towards diversity reasons for cultural diversity
1 2 3
C. Find a synonymous expression or a definition for the words below. You may also write the Portuguese
equivalent.
1. prejudice - preconceito
2. roots - ordens
3. colour blind - não descriminar
4. civil rights - direitos civis
5. citizens - cidadãos
6. immigrants - imigrantes
7. emigrants - Emigrantes
8. stereotypes - estereótipo
9. assimilation - assimilação
10. bias - parcial

Language Portfolio
MULTICULTURAL VOCABULARY
DISCRIMINATION (1)
behavior that treats people unequally because of their group
memberships. Discriminatory behavior, ranging from slights to hate
crimes, often begins with negative stereotypes and prejudices.
PREJUDICE (1)
an opinion, prejudgment or attitude about a group or its individual
members. A prejudice can be positive, but in our usage refers to a
negative attitude. Prejudices are often accompanied by ignorance,
fear or hatred. Prejudices are formed by a complex psychological
process that begins with attachment to a close circle of
acquaintances or an "in-group" such as a family. Prejudice is often
aimed at "out-groups."
STEREOTYPE (1)
an exaggerated belief, image or distorted truth about a person or
group — a generalization that allows for little or no individual
differences or social variation. Stereotypes are based on images in
mass media, or reputations passed on by parents, peers and other
members of society. Stereotypes can be positive or negative.
BIAS (2)
a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment
ETHNICITY (2)
ethnic quality or affiliation; a particular ethnic affiliation or group
RACE (2) a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical
traits
NATIONALITY (2)
a people having a common origin, tradition, and language and
capable of forming or actually constituting a nation-state; an ethnic
group constituting one element of a larger unit
ETHNOCENTRISM (2) characterized by or based on the attitude that one's own group is
superior
CULTURE (2)
the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial,
religious, or social group; the set of shared attitudes, values, goals,
and practices that characterizes an institution or organization; the
set of values, conventions, or social practices associated with a
particular field, activity, or societal characteristic
DIVERSE (2)
Composed of distinct or unlike elements or qualities
MINORITY (2) part of a population differing from others in some characteristics
and often subjected to differential treatment
XENOPHOBIA (2) fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is
strange or foreign
(1)
http://www.tolerance.org
(2)
http://www.merriam-webster.com/

Language Portfolio
Passive or Active Cultural Diversity
Grammar
Cultural diversity creates a ... or has been created by...?
You have already done some grammar activities both in class and at home. Nonetheless you should probably do
more tasks. So, I suggest you go to the school library and look for more exercises in the grammar books. You can
also look for activities on the Internet. Below there are some examples / suggestions.
You must look for exercises on: - A. passive voice
C. Put into the Passive Voice.
1. John and Mary are reading the text about civil rights.
The text about civil rights is being read by John and Mary___________________________________________
2. They have given her a new passport.
She was given a new passport_________________________________________________________________
3. They suggest that immigrants find employment.
It is suggested that immigrants find employment__________________________________________________
4. People believed that immigrants were outsiders.
Immigrants are believed to be outsiders.________________________________________________________

Language Portfolio
Relative Pronouns in the Future
Grammar
“Ten years ago, Facebook didn't exist. Ten years before that, we didn't have the Web. So who knows what jobs will be born a decade from
now? Though unemployment is at a 25-year high, work will eventually return. But it won't look the same. No one is going to pay you just to
show up. We will see a more flexible, more freelance, more collaborative and far less secure work world. It will be run by a generation with
new values — and women will increasingly be at the controls.” (http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1898024_1898023_1898169,00.html)
On the pages below you will find farther practice on Relative Pronouns and Relative Clauses. Do the tasks.
A. Choose the correct relative pronoun.
1. The lady who / where is sitting over here is my aunt.
2. I don’t even know why / which she told me to wait for her.
3. They have two sons who /whose are doctors and one daughter who / whose is a teacher.
4. My friend Alan, who / whose father is a dentist, is coming here next week.
5. Do you know when / which Carol is going to meet me?
6. The house where / which they have lived for several years is in the centre of the city.
7. The dog which / when you saw on the streets is mine.
8. That’s the student who / whose project was brilliant.
B. Complete the sentences with one of the following relative pronouns: who / which / why / whose / where / when.
1. Do you know anyone ___who____ has got a three-legged dog?
2. Do you know ___whose_______ book that is? Is it yours?
3. He’s the boy ___who______ only wears Adidas sneakers.
4. I’ve got a very warm coat ____which_______ I can wear in winter.
5. She is the reason ____why_____ Peter is working harder now! He wants to impress her.
6. She works in a factory ___which_____ makes cheap clothes.
7. Is that the girl ____whose____ dog died last week?
8. The school ___where____ I study is quite new and comfortable.
9. She is the kind of girl ___who____ always looks good.
10. That’s the boy ____whose_____ mother works at my school.
11. September is the month __when____ school starts in Portugal.
12. A coffee maker is a machine ___which________ makes coffee.
13. I don’t like those jeans ___which____ have been washed before.
14. There are restaurants _____where__ people can eat vegetarian meals.
15. I don’t know ____why____ his room is always so untidy!
C. Complete the sentences with who / which / whose. Decide if you can omit the pronoun to make a Contact Clause.
1. Many teens ___who___ work part-time don’t have time to hang out with their friends.
2. I like jobs ____which______ involve human contact.
3. The job ____x______ I applied for was not very interesting.
4. That’s the boy _____whose_________ parents don’t let him have a part-time job.
5. A game designer is someone _____who___ creates games.
6. Mr Brown offered Mary the position ___x____ she wanted.
7. That’s the man ____x______ I was telling you about.
8. The degree ______x_____ I told you about only exists in Lisbon.
9. John is the boy _____whose_________ mobile phone disappeared.
10. The book ____which_________ you offered me is very good!
11. A screenwriter is a person _____who_______ writes scripts for films.
12. That’s the restaurant ______which_______ has a fantastic lasagne.
13. I have a dog _____whose_______ name is Homer.

Language Portfolio
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
D. Join the sentences by means of a relative pronoun: who / which / whose. Put the pronoun in brackets () when we can
omit it.
1. I am a member of a voluntary organization. It helps the poor.
_ I am a member of a voluntary organization which helps the poor.__________________________________________
2. She is the teacher. She uses computers in her classes.
__She is the teacher who uses computers in her classes._______________________________________________________
3. That's the boy. His mother works in the library.
_That's the boy whose mother works in the library.___________________________________________________________
4. I forgot the name of the game. You gave it to me last week.
___I forgot the name of the game (which) you gave me last week._______________________________________________
5. I know a man. He is a web designer.
__I know the man who is a web designer._____________________________________________________________
6. Most of the people are very nice. They work in Peter’s office.
____Most of people who work in Peter's office are very nice.___________________________________________________
7. I’ve read the two magazines. I bought them yesterday.
___I've read the two magazines (which) I bought yesterday_____________________________________________________
8. The Browns are the family. Their car has been stolen.
__The Browns are the family whose car has been stolen._______________________________________________________
9. I’ve lost all the books. You gave them to me.
____I've lost all the books (which) you gave to me____________________________________________________________
10. The woman was wearing a yellow dress. She opened the door.
____The woman who opened the door was wearing a yellow dress______________________________________________
11. These are the shoes. I bought them in sales.
___These are the shoes (which) I bought in sales_____________________________________________________________
12. I don’t remember the name of the girl. Jane is meeting her tonight.
___I don't remember the name of the girl whose Jane is meeting tonight._________________________________________
NON- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
E. Join the sentences by means of a relative pronoun: who / which / whose. Don’t forget to add the commas!
1. Arnold Schwarzenegger is an American actor and politician. His parents came from Austria.
__ Arnold Schwarzenegger, whose parents came from Austria, is an American actor and politician._____________________
2. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. It holds an annual drama festival.
__ Edinburgh, which holds an annual drama festival, is the capital of Scotland._____________________________________
3. Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelly. It has been made into several films.
____ Frankenstein, which has been made into several films, was written by Mary Shelly. _____________________________
4. Pluto is the ninth planet. It was discovered in 1930.
__ Pluto, which was discovered in 1930, is the ninth planet.____________________________________________________
5. Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes. She studied at Stanford University.
__ Marie Curie, who studied at Stanford University, won two Nobel prizes.________________________________________
6. Ms Prim is a dentist. She lives on the ground floor.
__ Ms Prim who lives on the ground floor is a dentist. _________________________________________________________
7. J. K Rowling was born in 1965. Her first name is Joanne.
__ J. K Rowling, whose first name is Joanne, was born in 1965.__________________________________________________

Language Portfolio
Preparing the Future, Getting a Job
Vocabulary
“Man is so made that he can only find relaxation from one kind of labour by taking up another.” (Anatole France in The Crime of Sylvestre
Bonnard) Moreover “pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.” (Aristotle) http://www.quotationspage.com/subjects/work/ (2013-05-21)
Do the following activities on words.
A. Match the words and their definitions
1 Training N a) a manual / mechanic job, involving special training and skills
2 rise (USA: raise)
K b) all the people working or available to work, as in a nation,
company, industry or on a project
3 bonus
H c) fixed compensation for services, paid to a person on a regular
basis
4 wage
D d) payment for labour or services to a worker, especially
remuneration on an hourly, daily or weekly basis or by the piece
5 workforce
B e) a statement about a person’s qualifications, character and
dependability
6 staff
M f) a move to a more important job or rank in a company or an
organisation
7 employee J g) place where directors meet
8 promotion
F h) an extra amount of money that is added to a payment, especially
to somebody’s wages as a reward
9 salary
C i) a person or business that employs one or more people for wages
or salary
10 workmate
L j) a person who works for another in return for financial or other
compensation
11 employer I k) an increase in salary or wages
12 duties O l) a fellow worker, a colleague
13 reference
E m) all the workers employed in an organisation considered as a
group
14 trade A n) being taught how to do a job
15 boardroom G o) tasks that are part of a job
B. Find the “odd one out”.
1. an application - a post - a vacancy ____________________
2. a candidate - an applicant - an interviewer ____________________
3. a worker - an employer - an employee ____________________
4. a strike - a lock out - an industrial dispute ____________________
5. a labourer - a foreman - a union representative ____________________
6. a trainee - an apprentice - a probationer ____________________
7. a district - a department - a division ____________________
8. fee - wages - salary ____________________

Language Portfolio
C. A benefit is something you receive from a job. A qualification is something you need to do a job. Look at the
following list of vocabulary items. Are they benefits of a job or qualifications for a job?
-experience -references -licence -being well-spoken
-medical insurance -salary -commissions -being hard-working
-holiday
-creativity
-company car
-BA / BSc / MA /
MSc / PhD degree
-wage
-housing
- rise
-certificate
-tips
-bonus
-promotion
-company car
-discount on goods
-training courses
-neat appearance
/dress
Benefits Qualifications
medical
insurance
tips creativity
holiday bonus MSc / PhD degree
company car promotion certificate
salary being well-spoken
wage being hard-working
licence training courses
commissions neat appearance /dress
promotion experience
housing references
rise BA / BSc / MA /
D. Match the verbs on the left with the nouns / expressions on the right.
earn 1. d a) a meeting
run 2. c b) complaint
attend 3. a c) a law firm
advise 4. e d) a salary
deal with 5. h e) clients
work in 6. f f) a restaurant
work for 7. g g) overtime
be in charge on 8. j h) marketing
do / work 9. b i) a self-employed architect
be 10, i j) a department
E. Find a definition for the jobs below or write the Portuguese equivalent.
11. administrative worker - administrativo
12. blacksmith - ferreiro
13. chef - chef
14. mayor - presidente
15. insurance agent - agente de seguros
16. draughtsman - desenhador
17. scrap merchant - sucateiro
18. customs officer - funcionario da alfandega
19. courier - carteiro
20. forester - guarda florestak

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