1. Pelvimetry involves measuring the pelvis through external, internal, and radiographic methods to determine suitability for birth. Key pelvic measurements include transverse and superior-inferior diameters. 2. Common pelvic abnormalities include an upright pelvis, goose rumps, exaggerated lowness to the ground, and rickets, which can cause a narrowing of the pelvis. 3. Congenital defects of the female reproductive tract include abnormalities of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and cervix, such as unicornis uterus and uterus didelphys. Extra-uterine pregnancy can also occur if the uterus ruptures.

1. Pelvimetry, Pelvic Abnormalities, Congenital defects of Female Rep.Tract Prepared By: Dr. alok bharti(M.V.Sc.), C.V.Sc (SVVU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.

6. Internal/ direct pelvimetry Measurement of the interior of the pelvis through the rectum with a pelvimeter.

14. Uterus unicornis . Note normal left and right ovaries (o) and complete right horn (h). The left horn comprises a flat band of tissue with no lumen (b) and a blind residual segment.

15. White heifer disease . Note both ovaries (o) are normal with a corpus luteum present in the right and horns (h) distended with accumulated fluid.

16. Uterus didelphys with double external os uteri.

17. Uterus didelphys showing two completely separate cervical canals.