Ebola virus disease

Ebola Virus Disease
AlvinChew slideshare presentation
alvinworks2006@yahoo.com

In the absence of effective treatment and a human
vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for
Ebola infection and the protective measures
individuals can take is the only way to reduce
human infection and death.

What is Ebola
Key facts
• Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola
haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
• EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) handout photo of the Ebola virus

• EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in
Central and West Africa, near tropical rainforests.

• The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and
spreads in the human population through human-to-
human transmission.
• Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to
be the natural host of the Ebola virus.

• Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. No
licensed specific treatment or vaccine is available for use in
people or animals.

• Ebola first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks,
in Nzara, Sudan, and in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of
Congo. The latter was in a village situated near the Ebola
River, from which the disease takes its name.
• An ongoing epidemic of the Ebola virus disease has spread
throughout Guinea and beyond the nation's borders in
West Africa. The outbreak, which began in Guinea in
February 2014 and has spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone and
Nigeria, is the most severe in recorded history, both in the
number of cases and fatalities.
• A suspected 1,323 cases with 729 deaths have been
reported as of 27 July 2014, with 909 cases and 485
deaths confirmed to be Ebola.

Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms of EVD typically include:
•Fever
•Headache
•Joint and muscle aches
•Weakness
•Diarrhea
•Vomiting
•Stomach pain
•Lack of appetite

Some patients may experience:
•A Rash
•Red Eyes
•Hiccups
•Cough
•Sore throat
•Chest pain
•Difficulty breathing
•Difficulty swallowing
•Bleeding inside and outside of the body

Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after
exposure to ebolavirus though 8-10 days is most
common.
Some who become sick with Ebola HF are able to
recover, while others do not. The reasons behind this are
not yet fully understood.
However, it is known that patients who die usually have
not developed a significant immune response to the virus
at the time of death.

Prevention
Prevention focuses on avoiding contact with the viruses. The
following precautions can help prevent infection and spread
of Ebola
•Avoid areas of known outbreaks. Before traveling to Africa,
find out about current epidemics by checking the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention website.
•Wash your hands frequently. As with other infectious diseases,
one of the most important preventive measures is frequent hand-
washing. Use soap and water, or use alcohol-based hand rubs
containing at least 60 percent alcohol when soap and water aren't
available.
•Avoid wildlife /bush meat. In developing countries, avoid
buying or eating the wild animals, including nonhuman primates,
sold in local markets.

•Avoid contact with infected people. In particular, caregivers
should avoid contact with the person's body fluids and tissues,
including blood, semen, vaginal secretions and saliva. People with
Ebola are most contagious in the later stages of the disease.
•Follow infection-control procedures. If you're a health care
worker, wear protective clothing, such as gloves, masks, gowns and
eye shields. Keep infected people isolated from others. Dispose of
needles and sterilize other instruments.
•Don't handle remains. The bodies of people who have died of
Ebola disease are still contagious. Specially organized and trained
teams should bury the remains, using appropriate safety equipment.

Ebola virus disease

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