Tutorial deductive and inductive arguments

Deductive and Inductive Arguments In this tutorial you will learn to distinguish deductive arguments from inductive arguments.

Tess : Are there any good Italian restaurants in town? Don : Yeah, Luigi's is pretty good. I've had their Neapolitan rigatoni, their lasagne col pesto, and their mushroom ravioli. I don't think you can go wrong with any of their pasta dishes. Based on what you've learned in Chapter 3, is this argument deductive or inductive? How can you tell?

Tess : Are there any good Italian restaurants in town? Don : Yeah, Luigi's is pretty good. I've had their Neapolitan rigatoni, their lasagne col pesto, and their mushroom ravioli. I don't think you can go wrong with any of their pasta dishes. Inductive. The argument is an inductive generalization, which is a common pattern of inductive reasoning. Also, the conclusion does not follow with strict necessity from the premises.

I wonder if I have enough cash to buy my psychology textbook as well as my biology and history textbooks. Let's see, I have $200. My biology textbook costs $65 and my history textbook costs $52. My psychology textbook costs $60. With taxes, that should come to about $190. Yep, I have enough. Is this argument deductive or inductive? How can you tell?

I wonder if I have enough cash to buy my psychology textbook as well as my biology and history textbooks. Let's see, I have $200. My biology textbook costs $65 and my history textbook costs $52. My psychology textbook costs $60. With taxes, that should come to about $190. Yep, I have enough. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mother : Don't give Billy that brownie. It contains walnuts, and I think Billy is allergic to walnuts. Last week he ate some oatmeal cookies with walnuts, and he broke out in a severe rash. Father : Billy isn't allergic to walnuts. Don't you remember he ate some walnut fudge ice cream at Melissa's birthday party last spring? He didn't have any allergic reaction then. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mother : Don't give Billy that brownie. It contains walnuts, and I think Billy is allergic to walnuts. Last week he ate some oatmeal cookies with walnuts, and he broke out in a severe rash. Father : Billy isn't allergic to walnuts. Don't you remember he ate some walnut fudge ice cream at Melissa's birthday party last spring? He didn't have any allergic reaction then. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

John is an agnostic. It necessarily follows that he doesn't believe in God. ,[object Object]

John is an agnostic. It necessarily follows that he doesn't believe in God. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Larry : Do you think Representative Porkmeister will be re-elected? Norman : I doubt it. Porkmeister's district has become more conservative in recent years. Porkmeister is a liberal Democrat, and 63% of the registered voters in his district are now Republicans. ,[object Object]

Larry : Do you think Representative Porkmeister will be re-elected? Norman : I doubt it. Porkmeister's district has become more conservative in recent years. Porkmeister is a liberal Democrat, and 63% of the registered voters in his district are now Republicans. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

If Buster walked to the game, then he didn't drive to the game. Buster didn't drive to the game. Therefore, Buster walked to the game. Is this argument deductive or inductive? How can you tell?

If Buster walked to the game, then he didn't drive to the game. Buster didn't drive to the game. Therefore, Buster walked to the game. ,[object Object],X Deductive. This argument is a hypothetical syllogism, which is a common pattern of deductive reasoning. Note, however, that the conclusion does not follow logically from the premises. (Maybe Buster rode his bike to the game, for example.) The argument commits the fallacy of "affirming the consequent."

Causal, Generalisation or Analogy? ,[object Object]

Tutorial deductive and inductive arguments

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Tutorial deductive and inductive arguments