Discovering Psychology and Research Methods
•Télécharger en tant que PPT, PDF•
2 j'aime•1,176 vues
The focus in this area is on the Scientific Method, Psychological Research, and basic Critical Thinking.
Recommandé
Contenu connexe
Tendances
Tendances (20)
En vedette
En vedette (16)
Similaire à Discovering Psychology and Research Methods
Similaire à Discovering Psychology and Research Methods (20)
Plus de Alex Holub
Plus de Alex Holub (20)
Dernier
Dernier (20)
Discovering Psychology and Research Methods
- 2. Chapter 1 Discovering Psychology & Research Methods
Notes de l'éditeur
- Psychology (from the Greek) Psyche : Mind Logos : Knowledge or study Modern Definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Behavior can come in many forms; broadly: Overt; i.e., can be directly observed (crying) Covert; i.e., cannot be directly observed (remembering); private, internal
- Scientific Observation: A systematic empirical investigation that is structured to answer questions about the world -- Empirical: gained from direct observation -- Systematic investigation: carefully planned -- Intersubjective: Confirmed by more than one observer Research Method: Systematic approach to answering scientific questions
- Phrenology: Personality traits revealed by shape of skull and bumps on your head Palmistry: Lines on your hands (palms) predict future and reveal personality Graphology: Personality traits are “revealed” by your handwriting Astrology: The positions of the stars and planets at the time of your birth determine your personality and affect your behavior Extremely popular today (“What’s your sign?”)
- Uncritical Acceptance: Tendency to believe positive or flattering descriptions of yourself Fallacy of Positive Instances: When we remember or notice things that confirm our expectations and forget the rest Barnum Effect: Always have a little something for everyone. Tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in very general terms
- Independent Variable: Condition(s) altered by the experimenter; experimenter sets their size, amount, or value. These are suspected causes for behavioral differences Dependent Variable: Measures the results of the experiment; Condition is affected by independent variable Extraneous variable: Conditions that a researcher wants to prevent from affecting the outcomes of the experiment (e.g., number of hours slept before the experiment)
- Representative Sample: Small group that accurately reflects a larger population Population: Entire group of animals or people belonging to a particular category (e.g., all married women) Courtesy Bias: Problem in research; a tendency to give “polite” or socially desirable answers
- Be sure to distinguish between observation and inference (e.g., Robert is crying, but do we know why he is crying?)