Over the past 300 years, teachers and administrators have consistently expressed concern that students rely too heavily on new technologies for writing and calculation. Quotes from 1703, 1815, 1907, 1929, 1941, and 1950 criticize students' dependence on slates, paper, ink pens, fountain pens, ballpoint pens, and handheld calculators respectively. While technologies changed over time, each new tool was seen as detracting from students' abilities to cope without assistance. The passage concludes that modern complaints about computers mirror past concerns over every new writing and calculating innovation.
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