3. WHAT DOES GEOGRAPHY MEAN?
GEOGRAPHIA
1. GEO- THE GREEK WORD
FOR EARTH.
2. GRAPHIA- THE GREEK
WORD FOR GRAPH.
GRAPH- A NETWORK OF
LINES CONNECTING
POINTS. A GRID SYSTEM.
4. WHAT IS A GRID SYSTEM?
AGRAPH WHICH ALLOWS THE
LOCATION OF A POINT ON A
MAP OR ON THE EARTH’S
SURFACE TO BE DESCRIBED IN
A WAY THAT IS MEANINGFUL
AND UNIVERSALY
UNDERSTOOD.
6. WHAT IS WORLD GEOGRAPHY?
THE SCIENCE THAT STUDIES-
THE AREAL DIFFERENTIATION
OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
[AREAL DIFFERENTIATION-
DIFFERENCES ON THE EARTH’S
SURFACE.]
7. TYPES OF DIFFERENCES ON THE
EARTH’S SURFACE
1.CHARACTER: VARIOUS
APPEARANCES. DIFFERENT
PLACES LOOK DIFFERENT.
SAHARA DESERT
AMAZON RAIN
FOREST
8. TYPES OF DIFFERENCES ON THE
EARTH’S SURFACE
2.ARRANGEMENT: PATTERN.
DIFFERENT PLACES ARE
ORGANIZED DIFFERENTLY.
NICARAGUAN VILLAGE
MALI VILLAGE
9. TYPES OF DIFFERENCES ON THE
EARTH’S SURFACE
3.INTERRELATIONS:
CONNECTIONS. DIFFERENT
PLACES HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES
OF INTERACTION.
FALLUJAH, IRAQ
GHANA MARKET
10. ELEMENTS OF WORLD GEOGRAPHY
1. CLIMATE: WEATHER
CONDITIONS OF A REGION.
2. ELEVATION: THE ALTITUDE
OR HEIGHT OF A PLACE.
TORNADO MT. KILIMANJARO
11. ELEMENTS OF WORLD GEOGRAPHY
3. SOIL: DISINTEGRATED
[BROKEN DOWN] ROCK AND
HUMUS [ORGANIC MATERIAL-
DEAD ANIMALS & PLANTS].
4. VEGETATION: PLANT LIFE.
5. POPULATION: NUMBER OF
PEOPLE IN A PLACE.
12. ELEMENTS OF WORLD GEOGRAPHY
6.INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS: PROTECT
THE INTERESTS OF MEMBER
NATIONS. EXAMPLES: UNITED
NATIONS [UN]; AFRICAN UNION
[AU]; ORGANIZATION OF
PETROLEUM EXPORTING
COUNTRIES [OPEC].
13. ELEMENTS OF WORLD GEOGRAPHY
7.POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS:
NATIONS OF THE WORLD.
EXAMPLE: UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA; THE PEOPLES
REPUBLIC OF CHINA; FEDERAL
REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA; GREAT
SOCIALIST PEOPLES LIBYAN
ARAB JAMAHIRIYA.
15. PREPARES YOU TO PARTICIPATE IN
SOCIETY.
Itallows you to obtain a range of learning
experiences and skills which make you
highly attractive to a wide range of future
employers. The skills practiced in
geography are used by many
professionals: urban and regional
planners, resource managers, attorneys,
legislators, business and political
leaders, architects, marketing consultants
and engineers. It is an ideal stepping
stone to a wide range of careers.
16. IT IS A BROAD DIVERSE SUBJECT
THAT ENCOMPASSES A WIDE
ARRAY OF KNOWLEDGE.
Geography is a broad flexible subject,
which may be classified as an art,
science or social science. Geography,
as a discipline, is as diverse as the
problems facing our planet. From saving
a forest to planning a downtown
development project, geographers are
there.
17. STUDYING GEOGRAPHY PROMOTES
ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY.
Education is the most effective means that
society possesses for confronting the
challenges of the future. In order to address
the environmental challenges society is
currently faced with, people are needed who
can think broadly and understand the
systems, connections, and patterns of the
physical and cultural world. We desperately
need people equipped with the analytical
skills necessary to rebuild neighborhoods,
towns, and communities.
18. STUDYING GEOGRAPHY EXPANDS
OUR KNOWLEDGE OF OUR PLANET.
Studying Geography can take you to
distant lands and cultures. You can
develop the skills that will help you
recognize and make sense of the
patterns, distributions, and interactions
between living things and their
environment. Geographers often study
places by experiencing them first-hand.
They use cutting edge technology to
study the landscapes and patterns that
define who we are and what we do.
20. ANCIENT ORIGINS
THE GREEKS
WROTE THAT THE
WORLD’S OLDEST
RACE OF MEN
DEVELOPED ALL
OF THE SCIENCES,
INCLUDING
GEOGRAPHY. HERODOTUS
484 B.C. - 432 B.C.
21. ANCIENT ORIGINS
THE DEVELOPERS OF
GEOGRAPHY WERE THE
BLACK MEN AND WOMEN OF
CLASSICAL KEMET [EGYPT] &
TA-SETI [NUBIA: THE SUDAN]
23. ANCIENT ORIGINS
THE PRIESTS OF KEMET SHOWED
THE GREEKS HOW TO MEASURE
THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE
EARTH, USING LATITUDE AND
LONGITUDE.
24. ANCIENT ORIGINS
THE GREEK LIBRARIAN
ERASTOSTHENES [275
BC - 193 BC] WAS THE
FIRST GREEK TO LEARN
OF THE AFRICAN
METHOD FOR
MEASURING THE
EARTH’S
CIRCUMFERENCE.
26. EARTH CIRCUMFERENCE FORMULA
A/360 = D/C
WHERE,
A = SHADOW ANGLE
360 = DEGREES IN CIRCLE
D = DISTANCE FROM
EQUATOR.
C = CIRCUMFERENCE
27. ANCIENT ORIGINS
PIRI REIS MAP - MADE IN
CONSTANTINOPLE IN 1513 BY
ADMIRAL PIRI IBN HAJI
MEHMED.
SHOWS ANTARTICA FREE OF
ICE. EUROPEANS DID KNOW
ABOUT ANTARTICA UNTIL 1818
AND THE INTERIOR OF
ANTARTICA UNTIL 1958.
28. ADMIRAL PIRI REIS MAP
THE MAP GIVES EXACT
INFORMATION ABOUT THE
WESTERN COAST OF AFRICA,
EASTERN COAST OF SOUTH
AMERICA AND NORTHERN
COAST OF ANTARTICA.
IT IS BASED ON MUCH OLDER
MAPS.
37. REGIONS
[CONTINUED]
FUNCTIONAL REGIONS: A
SPATIAL SYSTEM, WHOSE
PARTS ARE
INTERCONNECTED. HAS A
CORE AREA SURROUNDED BY
TOTAL SUBORDINATE AREAS.
VERNACULAR [PERCEPTUAL]
38. REGIONS
[CONTINUED]
REALM: THE LARGEST LOGICAL
REGIONS INTO WHICH
GEOGRPAHERS DIVIDE THE
WORLD. DEFINED IN TERMS OF
A COMPOSITE OF ITS LEADING
CULTURAL, ECONOMIC,
HISTORICAL, POLITICAL AND
APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL
FEATURES.
39. GEOGRAPHY REALMS
NORTH AFRICA
SOUTHWEST ASIA
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
SOUTHEAST ASIA
PACIFIC REALM
NORTH AMERICA
40. GEOGRAPHY REALMS
[CONTINUED]
CENTRAL AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA
EUROPE
RUSSIA
EAST ASIA
SOUTH ASIA
AUSTRAILIA
43. SPATIAL
WHERE THINGS ARE.
THINGS EXIST IN SPACE.
THINGS CREATE SPATIAL
PATTERNS, WHICH ARE
PATTERNS IN THE SPACES
INHABITED BY HUMANS, OR A
SPATIAL SYSTEM.
49. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
THESTUDY OF THE EARTH’S
ENVIRONMENT: PROPERTIES
OF LAND, WATER, AIR,
PLANTS AND ANIMALS, THEIR
DISTRIBUTION AND
INTERRELATIONS.
52. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
AKA ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHY.
ANTHROPO: MAN
[ANTHROPOLOGY: THE STUDY
OF MAN]
DEALS WITH MAN IN HIS
GEOGRAPHIC ASPECTS, SUCH
AS HIS LOCATION, REGION,
ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION,
MOVEMENT, SOCIETY.
54. URBAN GEOGRAPHY
STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH CITIES,
AND TOWNS AND THE
GROWTH ASSOCIATED WITH
URBANIZATION, WHICH IS THE
GROWTH OF CITIES AS A
RESULT OF RURAL
MIGRATIONS TO CITIES.
57. GEOMETRY
GEOMETRIA: LAND MEASURER
DEALS WITH THE DEDUCTION OF
THE PROPERTIES, MEASURMENT
AND RELATIONSHIP OF POINTS,
LINES, ANGLES AND FIGURES IN
SPACE FROM THEIR DEFINING
CONDITIONALS BY MEANS OF
CERTAIN ASSUMED PROPERTIES
OF SPACE.
58. GEODESY
GEODAISIA: EARTH DIVISION.
DEALS WITH MEASUREMENT OF
THE SHAPE OF AN AREA AND
DISTANCES BETWEEN LARGE
TRACTS OF LAND, THE EXACT
POSITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL
POINTS, AND THE CURVATURE,
SHAPE AND DIMENSION OF THE
EARTH.
67. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS
THE BASIS OF REGIONS. THEY
ARE THE TERRITORIAL
OCCURRENCE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL, HUMAN, OR
ORGANIZATIONAL FEATURES
SELECTED FOR STUDY.