SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  11
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Breast Cancer
                              Awareness

Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Content Overview
       According to the American Cancer Society, in             Family Ties: Genetics and Breast                       Implant that Could Deter Cancer
       2011, an estimated 230,480 new cases of invasive         Cancer
       breast cancer —cancer that has spreads to                                                                       Implants may offer new weapon in the fight
                                                                If you have a family history of breast cancer and/     against breast cancer. Researchers at Brown
       surrounding breast tissue — were expected to be
       diagnosed in U.S. women. For most women with             or have tested positive for breast cancer gene         University are working toward the development of
                                                                mutations, use that information as even more           a breast implant where the surface would actually
       breast cancer, treatment includes surgery
       combined with radiation therapy, chemotherapy,           incentive to take your breast health – and your        deter the growth of cancer cells.

       hormone therapy, and/or targeted therapy.                family’s – seriously.
                                                                                                                       Do you want to learn more about early breast
       But while the goal of a mastectomy (removal of           BRA Day                                                cancer detection with breast implants? Your breast
       the breast tissue) is to remove the cells that caused                                                           cancer risk? Breast reconstruction? Discuss these
                                                                Studies have shown that 70 percent of women
       breast cancer, it can leave the patient feeling                                                                 topics with a caring, qualified, board-certified
                                                                don’t fully understand their reconstruction options.
       insecure about her appearance. The solution then                                                                plastic surgeon who takes your need to know
                                                                BRA Day (breast reconstruction awareness) is an
       is to undergo some form of breast reconstruction,                                                               seriously.
                                                                internationally recognized event in support of
       either with tissue from her own body (autologous)
                                                                educating women on their port-mastectomy
       or with a saline or silicone breast implant. Neither
                                                                options.
       choice delays post-operative chemotherapy,
       prolongs recovery, or hinders the diagnosis of           Mammary Glands
       local cancer recurrence.
                                                                Why are mammary glands prone to the
       Cancer Detection with Breast                             development of cancer? The answer lies in the
       Implants                                                 production of hormones.

       Women with breast implants have different
       breasts; therefore, the cancer screening is different.
       Healthcare professionals, examiners and women
       need to be aware of how breast implants can
       impact a breast cancer screening test.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Essentials
   The human body is made up of trillions of living         Through breast exams and early detection            Early detection may even help you avoid late-stage
   cells which regularly grow, replicate, divide and die.   screenings, you can put yourself in a position to   breast cancer altogether. The earlier you find
   Cancer is the abnormal, rampant growth of cells in a     minimize risk. You can do the following to take a   something, the higher your chances of beating it.
   specific area. The abnormal growth of the cells          proactive approach to managing breast health with
                                                                                                                The early detection of breast cancer may also
   affect the surrounding tissues in the effected area.     or without breast implants include:
                                                                                                                eliminate a need for:
   Breast cancer is the abnormal growth of the tissues
                                                                                                                •   Loss of breast tissue in one or both breasts
   of the breast, specifically the ducts and lobules,       • Self Exams – Perform monthly breast               •   Radiation treatment and/or chemotherapy
   which primarily function to deliver milk.
                                                              self exams (see pointers below)                   •   Otherwise avoidable pain and suffering

   According to the American Cancer Society, breast
                                                            • Mammograms – Scheduled yearly at                  •   Emotional and physical scarring

   cancer is second only to skin cancer as the most           40+ or if there’s a family history of cancer
                                                                                                                It’s also been said that bearing children before 30,
   common cancer among women in the U.S. Current            • Get Tested – Consider tests for BRCA1,            making a 1.5 - 2 year commitment to breast feeding,
   data has measured that:                                    BRCA2 and other breast cancer genes               and limiting estrogen or progesterone-based

                                                            • Hormones – Have your hormone levels               contraceptives use can help. Consider tapering off
   • nearly 1-in-8 women may experience                       checked, esp. estrogen and progesterone           estrogen or progesterone-based hormone therapy
      invasive breast cancer in her lifetime.                                                                   after menopause, too.
                                                            • Lifestyle – Exercise regularly, maintain a
   • breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of                healthy weight, and limit alcohol and fat         Women who regularly get mammograms and
      cancer deaths among women                               intake                                            perform self breast exams are said to have a 90
   • breast cancer rates are declining due to                                                                   percent chance of surviving breast cancer
      better detection and treatment                                                                            once it’s detected. That’s great incentive to do both,
                                                                                                                right?

   The American Cancer Society says there are 2.5
   million breast cancer survivors in the U.S. The
   organization itself has helped more than 4 million
   women receive breast cancer screenings.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Cancer Detection with Implants
     Mammograms with Breast Implants                         Once you’ve found a facility that serves a high     Be sure to get multiple vantage points during the
                                                             number of women with breast implants, make your     mammogram so the results show a clear view of the
     Dr. Sandhya Pruthi of the Mayo Clinic responded to      implant status known. Mention them when             breast tissue around the breast implant. Some
     whether breast implants interfere with breast cancer
                                                             scheduling your appointment, when you arrive, and   technicians specialize in or are highly skilled at
     detection during a mammogram, saying                    when meeting your technician.                       performing breast implant mammograms.
                                                                                                                 Experienced technicians know to capture views
            “Breast implants can obscure                     You should also ask for a technician who has        which fall outside the scope of a standard
            mammogram images... Still, studies               experience working with women with implants.        mammogram and focus on getting the best view for
            show that mammograms are an                      Experienced technicians will make the experience    the individual breast.
            effective way to screen for breast               more comfortable and reduce your risk for implant
            cancer in women with breast                      rupture.
            implants.”

     Though implants might obscure images, there are a
     number of ways you can ensure more accurate
     results of a mammogram with breast implants. If
     you don’t have implants yet, get a mammogram
     prior to your surgery so you have a baseline for your
     natural breasts.

     If you already have implants and are going for your
     first mammogram, ask around before scheduling.
     Get recommendations from people you trust. While
     you’re at it, go to the source! Ask your breast
     augmentation plastic surgeon or his or her staff
     members for a referral.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Cancer Detection with Implants
       Breast Self Exams with Breast Implants                You can also increase your chances of detecting     The Cristine Meredith Miele Foundation for breast
                                                             breast tissue abnormalities by performing monthly   cancer research says to contact your doctor or
       Mammograms are widely known to be more                breast self exams:                                  gynecologist right away if you notice lumps,
       effective at detecting small, potentially cancerous
                                                                                                                 swelling, skin irritation, dimpling, nipple pain,
       tumors than breast self exams and doctor’s office
                                                             • The best time to check is 3 days after your       inward turning nipples, redness, scaliness or
       breast tissue examinations. While neither takes the
                                                                 period.                                         discharge other than breast milk. Lumps can be on
       place of a mammography screening, mammograms
       are typically performed only once a year – maybe
                                                             •   Feel your way slowly along each breast          breasts or under arms.
                                                                 and along each armpit                           Other unusual or abnormal circumstances to look for
       not even that frequently depending on your age
       (<40), family background or medical history. That’s   •   Don’t be afraid if you find a lump              include:
       why monthly self breast exams and clinical breast
                                                                 (they’re not all cancerous). And with
       exams matter.                                             practice you’ll develop a sense for what        • Breast tissue that feels thick
                                                                 feels normal.                                   • Discoloration of one or both breasts
       Typically, professional breast exams are performed
       annually by gynecologists on women who’ve
                                                                                                                 • Changes in the size or shape of your
                                                                                                                     breasts
       reached 18 to 20 years of age. Statistics show that
       more than 75 percent of suspicious, cancerous
                                                                                                                 •   Changes in the feel of breast skin, areola
       lumps were first detected by women during non-
                                                                                                                     or nipples
       mammogram breast exams.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Family Ties
       Do you have, have you survived or has someone           Sharing One Another’s Genes                            The Cristine Meredith Miele Foundation
       else in your family been diagnosed with breast                                                                 helps clarify, reporting that:
       cancer? Do you wonder about hereditary breast           As the National Cancer Institute reports, mutations
                                                               in BRCA1 and BRCA2 human genes have been
       cancer?
                                                               linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The
                                                                                                                      • roughly 5 to 10 percent of all
       Genetics can be a factor in the development of          NCI says the risk for developing both cancers             breast cancer is linked to a gene
       breast cancer; therefore, it’s important to know how    increases when the genes are inherited. A blood
       genetics can increase your risk. Mothers and            sample can reveal this predisposition in both men
                                                                                                                         mutation.
       daughters with a family history of breast cancer – or   and women.                                             • BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are
       who’ve had breast cancer themselves – need to
       further their understanding of the disease.             It’s important to note that the presence of such          linked to the most common
                                                               mutations does not mean that you will definitely
                                                                                                                         mutations.
                                                               develop breast cancer. It does, however, give you an
                                                               indication of your risk level. How you manage that     • these mutations may increase
                                                               risk should be decided in consultation with an
                                                               oncologist or other qualified health care
                                                                                                                         carriers’ lifetime risk to up to 80
                                                               professional.                                             percent.
                                                                                                                      • other gene changes exist which also
                                                                                                                         increase breast cancer risk.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Family Ties
                                                                                                                      Protecting Your Relationship and Your
                                                                                                                      Breasts

                                                                                                                      While breast cancer isn’t the most fun-loving topic,
                                                                                                                      you can take a light-hearted, mother-daughter
                                                                                                                      approach to learning more about it. In the process,
                                                                                                                      you’ll learn to support and encourage one another.
                                                                                                                      You’ll also share in the task of minimizing the
                                                                                                                      impact breast cancer has on your lives.

                                                                                                                      A few ways you can do that include:
                                                                                                                      • Scheduling mother-daughter mammograms
                                                                                                                      • Researching your family tree and its medical
                                                                                                                        history
                                                                                                                      • Get BRCA1 and BRCA2 blood testing
                                                                                                                      • Motivating each other to eat right, exercise and
                                                                                                                        live well
                                                                                                                      • Making and selling baked goods to benefit cancer
       Breast Cancer Awareness                                 Furthermore, the CMM Foundation found that
                                                                                                                        research
                                                               women’s chances of getting breast cancer increase
       The CMM Foundation also reports that the risk for                                                              • Participating in fundraising events as a mother-
                                                               with age. That is, nearly 2 out of 3 women with
       breast cancer is higher among women when close                                                                   daughter team
                                                               invasive breast cancer are 55 or older when their
       blood relatives have breast cancer. Both maternal
                                                               cancer is detected. That makes moms more likely to
       and paternal relatives contribute to that risk – your
                                                               be diagnosed before their daughters are.
       father’s aunt, your mother’s sister, etc. If your
                                                               The American Cancer Society says efforts aimed at
       mother, sister or daughter has breast cancer, you’re
                                                               awareness, detection and treatment have greatly
       said to be at higher risk.
                                                               reduced breast cancer rates. Strengthen your mother-
                                                               daughter bond and family ties by making a date to
                                                               research breast cancer, develop awareness and
                                                               reduce your risk together.



Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    BRA Day
                                                             Types of Breast Reconstruction                          Immediate reconstruction is also an important
                                                                                                                     coping mechanism associated with improved quality
                                                             There are several options available to women post       of life and a reduced risk of depression. According
                                                             mastectomy. The three main breast reconstruction
                                                                                                                     to the American Association for Cancer Research,
                                                             options include:                                        undergoing immediate breast reconstruction after
                                                             • breast augmentation with a silicone gel implant.      mastectomy “improves psychological well-being
                                                             • fat grafting.                                         and provides women with improved body image and
                                                             • a procedure that combines both augmentation           self-esteem compared with delaying the procedure.”
                                                                using an implant along with fat grafting.
                                                                                                                     Delayed reconstruction can be performed several
                                                             Selecting a Reconstruction Technique                    months or even years after the cancer treatment or
                                                                                                                     mastectomy takes place. After radiation therapy,
                                                             A surgeon will first examine the breast tissue and
                                                                                                                     most doctors suggest a patient should wait 6-9
                                                             discuss the patient’s goal to ultimately recommend
                                                                                                                     months to allow for the chest skin to heal before
                                                             the best option. The following all play a role in the
                                                                                                                     surgery.
                                                             reconstruction option: size and shape of breast,
                                                             percent of tissue removed, amount of available          How Safe is Breast Reconstruction?
                                                             donor tissue and other treatments.
       Most women, 70 percent, are not aware of the breast
                                                                                                                     Breast reconstruction is a safe surgery with a low
       reconstruction options available following a          When Can Reconstruction Take Place?                     occurrence of side effects. However, there are
       mastectomy. The decision to get a complete
                                                                                                                     always risks involved when undergoing any surgery.
       mastectomy is both challenging and emotional. But,    Reconstruction can either take place immediately or
                                                                                                                     The possible risks associated with breast
       there are reconstruction options that can help        months to years after the mastectomy. Immediate
                                                                                                                     reconstruction include: bleeding, infection, poor
       mastectomy patients feel whole again.                 reconstruction is a safe surgical method that is
                                                                                                                     healing of incisions and anesthesia risks.
                                                             shown to be highly beneficial to a woman’s self-
                                                             esteem. Undergoing reconstruction right away
                                                             doesn’t delay cancer treatment and has low risks and
                                                             complications. It can have improved cosmetic
                                                             outcomes, a shorter recovery time, and decreased
                                                             costs.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    BRA Day
       How Will My Reconstructed Breast                         Where will My Surgery Be Performed?
       Look and Feel ?
                                                                Most commonly, surgery for reconstruction will be
       With reconstruction, there is a possibility of loss of   preformed in a hospital setting. Your doctor will
       sensitivity, along with obvious                          most likely use general anesthesia; therefore, you
       visual changes. There will be scaring and the            should expect a short hospital stay. Follow-up
       potential for post-surgery asymmetry.                    procedures may take place on an outpatient basis, in
                                                                which anesthesia and sedation are a possibility.
       Although there may be some negatives that come
       with reconstruction, the benefits are immeasurable.
       Because the size and shape has changed, your breast
       will look and feel different. You clothes and bras
       will fit differently, too. But, even with adjusting to
       your new shape, studies have show that women who
       undergo reconstruction feel more feminine.
       Regaining this femininity and wholeness has shown
       to help women with breast cancer start to re-build.

       How Much will Reconstruction Cost?

       The price of reconstructive surgery will vary based
       on the specific doctor, geographic location of the
       practice and level of insurance coverage. The
       Federal Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act of
       1998 contains important protections for women with
       breast cancer who want to undergo reconstruction.
       Learn more about WHCRA.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Why Mammary Glands
       Mammary glands are called branched tubulo-              What is Estrogen?                                       Hormones Regulate Development
       alveolar glands and primarily function for milk
       production. They are collected in clusters that         Estrogen actually refers to a class of hormones. The    Starting around age 8, the female body goes through
                                                               key estrogen compounds are estradiol, estrone and       natural hormonal changes that initiate the breast
       branch out from the areola, the colored part of the
       nipple. The starting point of the gland is the          estriol. The majority of estrogen compounds are         tissue to form and grow. During puberty, the ovaries
                                                               produced within the ovaries, though small quantities    expand causing progesterone and estrogen
       lactiferous sinus.
                                                               are secreted from the adrenal glands. The placenta      production to increase. The estrogen present in the
       Mammary glands are believed to be modified sweat        and fat cells are created during pregnancy due to the   body causes the cells that make up the breast to
       glands, and they are present in all mammals,            influx of the estrogen hormone.                         grow; therefore, the breasts develop into fully
       females and males. Hormones present in the female                                                               functioning mammary glands by the end of puberty.
       body, progesterone and estrogen, initiate the growth    Growth of Mammary Glands
                                                                                                                       During pregnancy, mammary glands go through
       and branching of the gland. To date, these are the
                                                               Men and women are both born with mammary
       only two hormones proven to promote the growth of                                                               changes initiated by the additional hormones. In the
                                                               glands. However, mammary glands never start to          first trimester, the areola darkens causing an
       breast cancer cells.
                                                               form and branch in males due to the presence of
                                                                                                                       increased production of progesterone and estrogen
       What is Progesterone?                                   testosterone. Estrogen, on the other hand, promotes     stimulating growth. During the second and third
                                                               the mammary cells to grow and develop into full
                                                                                                                       trimesters, the breasts are actually producing milk,
       Progesterone is a precursor hormone that initiates      functioning glands.                                     which increases the size of the breast.
       the production of other subsequent sex hormones.
                                                               Progesterone and estrogen are female sex hormones       The natural response of the mammary glands to
       Both estrogen and testosterone are among the sex
                                                               that regulate the the growth of mammary glands.
       hormones that are affected by this initiation.                                                                  progesterone and estrogen is to initiate immediate
                                                               Progesterone initiates the production of four           cell growth. When cancerous cells are multiplying,
       Studies show that naturally occurring progesterone      hormones in the estrogen class. Estrogen initiates
                                                                                                                       both progesterone and estrogen promote the growth
       does not increase your risk for breast cancer;          the growth, division and branching of mammary           of the malignant cells as well as healthy ones.
       however, synthetic progestins, like those found in      gland cells.
                                                                                                                       Thusly, the presence of progesterone and estrogen
       birth control pills, are thought to increase the risk
                                                                                                                       inadvertently helps the cancer to grow.
       for cancer.




Wednesday, December 19, 12
Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up

    Implants that May Deter Cancer
       Unfortunately, for about one-in-five breast cancer                           According to Thomas Webster, associate professor
       survivors who have completed five years of                                   of engineering and the corresponding author on the
       adjuvant therapy (additional treatment after surgery                         paper in Nanotechnology, the implant design can at
       to help prevent cancer from returning), breast cancer                        least decrease the cancerous cell functions without
       returns within 10 years of their treatment, notes the                        requiring the use of chemotherapeutics, radiation, or
       American Cancer Society.                                                     other processes. After one day, lab tests showed that
                                                                                    the 23-nanometer-peak surfaces had a 15-percent
       But thanks to researchers at Brown University,
                                                                                    decrease in the production of a protein (VEGF)
       breast reconstruction and treatment to inhibit breast
                                                                                    upon which endothelial breast-cancer cells depend,
       cancer recurrence may be combined into one
                                                                                    compared to an implant surface with no surface
       approach: a breast implant that may actually help
                                                                                    modification, as well as 15 percent more healthy
       deter cancer cells from growing. The key lies in the
                                                                                    endothelial breast cells compared to normal surface.
       surface of the implant, which was modified at the
       nanoscale (dimensions one-billionth of a meter, or                           Webster, who together with graduate student Lijuan
       1/50,000th the width of a human hair) to create a                            Zhang conducted this study, will next investigate
       “bed of nails” surface.                                                      why the nanomodified surfaces deter malignant
                                                                                    breast cells, create surface features that yield greater
       Because cancer cells are relatively stiff compared to
                                                                                    results, and determine whether other materials can
       healthy cells, they are unable to wrap around the
                                                                                    be used.
       bumpy surface of the implant. This reduces the
       blood-vessel architecture on which breast cancer                             The National Institutes of Health’s National Center
       tumors depend, while also attracting healthy                                 for Research Resources and the Hermann
       endothelial cells for breast tissue. The implant is                          Foundation have funded this research. And, once
       made of 23-nanometer-diameter polystyrene beads                              FDA approval has been given for the implant, it can
       and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), a                                    become the latest weapon in the fight against breast
       biodegradable polymer approved by the FDA used                               cancer.
       widely in clinical settings, which results in a surface
       covered with adjoining, 23-nanometer-high pimples.




Wednesday, December 19, 12

Contenu connexe

Dernier

Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.aarjukhadka22
 
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisAdenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisSujoy Dasgupta
 
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)1922Jaygohel
 
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdfSGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdfHongBiThi1
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfHongBiThi1
 
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptxBasic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptxkomalt2001
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfDolisha Warbi
 
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE Mamatha Lakka
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 
Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)
Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)
Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)MedicoseAcademics
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets barmohitRahangdale
 
Understanding AIDS:a roadmap to well ess
Understanding AIDS:a roadmap to well essUnderstanding AIDS:a roadmap to well ess
Understanding AIDS:a roadmap to well essAbhishekKumar524514
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaSujoy Dasgupta
 
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectiondrhanifmohdali
 
Employability skills, work experience presentation
Employability skills, work experience presentationEmployability skills, work experience presentation
Employability skills, work experience presentationmarwaahmad357
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .Mohamed Rizk Khodair
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communicationskatiequigley33
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.kishan singh tomar
 

Dernier (20)

Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
 
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisAdenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
 
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
 
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdfSGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
 
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptxBasic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
 
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 
Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)
Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)
Transport across cell membrane (passive, active, vesicular)
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
 
Understanding AIDS:a roadmap to well ess
Understanding AIDS:a roadmap to well essUnderstanding AIDS:a roadmap to well ess
Understanding AIDS:a roadmap to well ess
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
 
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
 
Employability skills, work experience presentation
Employability skills, work experience presentationEmployability skills, work experience presentation
Employability skills, work experience presentation
 
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
 
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
 

En vedette

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at WorkGetSmarter
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
 
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationBarbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationErica Santiago
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
 
Introduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageIntroduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageSimplilearn
 
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...Palo Alto Software
 
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free VacationWeekdone.com
 
I Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from Prince
I Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from PrinceI Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from Prince
I Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from PrinceEmpowered Presentations
 

En vedette (20)

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike RoutesMore than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
 
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationBarbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
 
Introduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageIntroduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming Language
 
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
 
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
 
I Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from Prince
I Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from PrinceI Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from Prince
I Rock Therefore I Am. 20 Legendary Quotes from Prince
 

ImplantInfo Breast Cancer Awareness

  • 1. Breast Cancer Awareness Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 2. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Content Overview According to the American Cancer Society, in Family Ties: Genetics and Breast Implant that Could Deter Cancer 2011, an estimated 230,480 new cases of invasive Cancer breast cancer —cancer that has spreads to Implants may offer new weapon in the fight If you have a family history of breast cancer and/ against breast cancer. Researchers at Brown surrounding breast tissue — were expected to be diagnosed in U.S. women. For most women with or have tested positive for breast cancer gene University are working toward the development of mutations, use that information as even more a breast implant where the surface would actually breast cancer, treatment includes surgery combined with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, incentive to take your breast health – and your deter the growth of cancer cells. hormone therapy, and/or targeted therapy. family’s – seriously. Do you want to learn more about early breast But while the goal of a mastectomy (removal of BRA Day cancer detection with breast implants? Your breast the breast tissue) is to remove the cells that caused cancer risk? Breast reconstruction? Discuss these Studies have shown that 70 percent of women breast cancer, it can leave the patient feeling topics with a caring, qualified, board-certified don’t fully understand their reconstruction options. insecure about her appearance. The solution then plastic surgeon who takes your need to know BRA Day (breast reconstruction awareness) is an is to undergo some form of breast reconstruction, seriously. internationally recognized event in support of either with tissue from her own body (autologous) educating women on their port-mastectomy or with a saline or silicone breast implant. Neither options. choice delays post-operative chemotherapy, prolongs recovery, or hinders the diagnosis of Mammary Glands local cancer recurrence. Why are mammary glands prone to the Cancer Detection with Breast development of cancer? The answer lies in the Implants production of hormones. Women with breast implants have different breasts; therefore, the cancer screening is different. Healthcare professionals, examiners and women need to be aware of how breast implants can impact a breast cancer screening test. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 3. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Essentials The human body is made up of trillions of living Through breast exams and early detection Early detection may even help you avoid late-stage cells which regularly grow, replicate, divide and die. screenings, you can put yourself in a position to breast cancer altogether. The earlier you find Cancer is the abnormal, rampant growth of cells in a minimize risk. You can do the following to take a something, the higher your chances of beating it. specific area. The abnormal growth of the cells proactive approach to managing breast health with The early detection of breast cancer may also affect the surrounding tissues in the effected area. or without breast implants include: eliminate a need for: Breast cancer is the abnormal growth of the tissues • Loss of breast tissue in one or both breasts of the breast, specifically the ducts and lobules, • Self Exams – Perform monthly breast • Radiation treatment and/or chemotherapy which primarily function to deliver milk. self exams (see pointers below) • Otherwise avoidable pain and suffering According to the American Cancer Society, breast • Mammograms – Scheduled yearly at • Emotional and physical scarring cancer is second only to skin cancer as the most 40+ or if there’s a family history of cancer It’s also been said that bearing children before 30, common cancer among women in the U.S. Current • Get Tested – Consider tests for BRCA1, making a 1.5 - 2 year commitment to breast feeding, data has measured that: BRCA2 and other breast cancer genes and limiting estrogen or progesterone-based • Hormones – Have your hormone levels contraceptives use can help. Consider tapering off • nearly 1-in-8 women may experience checked, esp. estrogen and progesterone estrogen or progesterone-based hormone therapy invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. after menopause, too. • Lifestyle – Exercise regularly, maintain a • breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of healthy weight, and limit alcohol and fat Women who regularly get mammograms and cancer deaths among women intake perform self breast exams are said to have a 90 • breast cancer rates are declining due to percent chance of surviving breast cancer better detection and treatment once it’s detected. That’s great incentive to do both, right? The American Cancer Society says there are 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the U.S. The organization itself has helped more than 4 million women receive breast cancer screenings. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 4. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Cancer Detection with Implants Mammograms with Breast Implants Once you’ve found a facility that serves a high Be sure to get multiple vantage points during the number of women with breast implants, make your mammogram so the results show a clear view of the Dr. Sandhya Pruthi of the Mayo Clinic responded to implant status known. Mention them when breast tissue around the breast implant. Some whether breast implants interfere with breast cancer scheduling your appointment, when you arrive, and technicians specialize in or are highly skilled at detection during a mammogram, saying when meeting your technician. performing breast implant mammograms. Experienced technicians know to capture views “Breast implants can obscure You should also ask for a technician who has which fall outside the scope of a standard mammogram images... Still, studies experience working with women with implants. mammogram and focus on getting the best view for show that mammograms are an Experienced technicians will make the experience the individual breast. effective way to screen for breast more comfortable and reduce your risk for implant cancer in women with breast rupture. implants.” Though implants might obscure images, there are a number of ways you can ensure more accurate results of a mammogram with breast implants. If you don’t have implants yet, get a mammogram prior to your surgery so you have a baseline for your natural breasts. If you already have implants and are going for your first mammogram, ask around before scheduling. Get recommendations from people you trust. While you’re at it, go to the source! Ask your breast augmentation plastic surgeon or his or her staff members for a referral. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 5. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Cancer Detection with Implants Breast Self Exams with Breast Implants You can also increase your chances of detecting The Cristine Meredith Miele Foundation for breast breast tissue abnormalities by performing monthly cancer research says to contact your doctor or Mammograms are widely known to be more breast self exams: gynecologist right away if you notice lumps, effective at detecting small, potentially cancerous swelling, skin irritation, dimpling, nipple pain, tumors than breast self exams and doctor’s office • The best time to check is 3 days after your inward turning nipples, redness, scaliness or breast tissue examinations. While neither takes the period. discharge other than breast milk. Lumps can be on place of a mammography screening, mammograms are typically performed only once a year – maybe • Feel your way slowly along each breast breasts or under arms. and along each armpit Other unusual or abnormal circumstances to look for not even that frequently depending on your age (<40), family background or medical history. That’s • Don’t be afraid if you find a lump include: why monthly self breast exams and clinical breast (they’re not all cancerous). And with exams matter. practice you’ll develop a sense for what • Breast tissue that feels thick feels normal. • Discoloration of one or both breasts Typically, professional breast exams are performed annually by gynecologists on women who’ve • Changes in the size or shape of your breasts reached 18 to 20 years of age. Statistics show that more than 75 percent of suspicious, cancerous • Changes in the feel of breast skin, areola lumps were first detected by women during non- or nipples mammogram breast exams. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 6. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Family Ties Do you have, have you survived or has someone Sharing One Another’s Genes The Cristine Meredith Miele Foundation else in your family been diagnosed with breast helps clarify, reporting that: cancer? Do you wonder about hereditary breast As the National Cancer Institute reports, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 human genes have been cancer? linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The • roughly 5 to 10 percent of all Genetics can be a factor in the development of NCI says the risk for developing both cancers breast cancer is linked to a gene breast cancer; therefore, it’s important to know how increases when the genes are inherited. A blood genetics can increase your risk. Mothers and sample can reveal this predisposition in both men mutation. daughters with a family history of breast cancer – or and women. • BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are who’ve had breast cancer themselves – need to further their understanding of the disease. It’s important to note that the presence of such linked to the most common mutations does not mean that you will definitely mutations. develop breast cancer. It does, however, give you an indication of your risk level. How you manage that • these mutations may increase risk should be decided in consultation with an oncologist or other qualified health care carriers’ lifetime risk to up to 80 professional. percent. • other gene changes exist which also increase breast cancer risk. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 7. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Family Ties Protecting Your Relationship and Your Breasts While breast cancer isn’t the most fun-loving topic, you can take a light-hearted, mother-daughter approach to learning more about it. In the process, you’ll learn to support and encourage one another. You’ll also share in the task of minimizing the impact breast cancer has on your lives. A few ways you can do that include: • Scheduling mother-daughter mammograms • Researching your family tree and its medical history • Get BRCA1 and BRCA2 blood testing • Motivating each other to eat right, exercise and live well • Making and selling baked goods to benefit cancer Breast Cancer Awareness Furthermore, the CMM Foundation found that research women’s chances of getting breast cancer increase The CMM Foundation also reports that the risk for • Participating in fundraising events as a mother- with age. That is, nearly 2 out of 3 women with breast cancer is higher among women when close daughter team invasive breast cancer are 55 or older when their blood relatives have breast cancer. Both maternal cancer is detected. That makes moms more likely to and paternal relatives contribute to that risk – your be diagnosed before their daughters are. father’s aunt, your mother’s sister, etc. If your The American Cancer Society says efforts aimed at mother, sister or daughter has breast cancer, you’re awareness, detection and treatment have greatly said to be at higher risk. reduced breast cancer rates. Strengthen your mother- daughter bond and family ties by making a date to research breast cancer, develop awareness and reduce your risk together. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 8. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up BRA Day Types of Breast Reconstruction Immediate reconstruction is also an important coping mechanism associated with improved quality There are several options available to women post of life and a reduced risk of depression. According mastectomy. The three main breast reconstruction to the American Association for Cancer Research, options include: undergoing immediate breast reconstruction after • breast augmentation with a silicone gel implant. mastectomy “improves psychological well-being • fat grafting. and provides women with improved body image and • a procedure that combines both augmentation self-esteem compared with delaying the procedure.” using an implant along with fat grafting. Delayed reconstruction can be performed several Selecting a Reconstruction Technique months or even years after the cancer treatment or mastectomy takes place. After radiation therapy, A surgeon will first examine the breast tissue and most doctors suggest a patient should wait 6-9 discuss the patient’s goal to ultimately recommend months to allow for the chest skin to heal before the best option. The following all play a role in the surgery. reconstruction option: size and shape of breast, percent of tissue removed, amount of available How Safe is Breast Reconstruction? donor tissue and other treatments. Most women, 70 percent, are not aware of the breast Breast reconstruction is a safe surgery with a low reconstruction options available following a When Can Reconstruction Take Place? occurrence of side effects. However, there are mastectomy. The decision to get a complete always risks involved when undergoing any surgery. mastectomy is both challenging and emotional. But, Reconstruction can either take place immediately or The possible risks associated with breast there are reconstruction options that can help months to years after the mastectomy. Immediate reconstruction include: bleeding, infection, poor mastectomy patients feel whole again. reconstruction is a safe surgical method that is healing of incisions and anesthesia risks. shown to be highly beneficial to a woman’s self- esteem. Undergoing reconstruction right away doesn’t delay cancer treatment and has low risks and complications. It can have improved cosmetic outcomes, a shorter recovery time, and decreased costs. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 9. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up BRA Day How Will My Reconstructed Breast Where will My Surgery Be Performed? Look and Feel ? Most commonly, surgery for reconstruction will be With reconstruction, there is a possibility of loss of preformed in a hospital setting. Your doctor will sensitivity, along with obvious most likely use general anesthesia; therefore, you visual changes. There will be scaring and the should expect a short hospital stay. Follow-up potential for post-surgery asymmetry. procedures may take place on an outpatient basis, in which anesthesia and sedation are a possibility. Although there may be some negatives that come with reconstruction, the benefits are immeasurable. Because the size and shape has changed, your breast will look and feel different. You clothes and bras will fit differently, too. But, even with adjusting to your new shape, studies have show that women who undergo reconstruction feel more feminine. Regaining this femininity and wholeness has shown to help women with breast cancer start to re-build. How Much will Reconstruction Cost? The price of reconstructive surgery will vary based on the specific doctor, geographic location of the practice and level of insurance coverage. The Federal Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998 contains important protections for women with breast cancer who want to undergo reconstruction. Learn more about WHCRA. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 10. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Why Mammary Glands Mammary glands are called branched tubulo- What is Estrogen? Hormones Regulate Development alveolar glands and primarily function for milk production. They are collected in clusters that Estrogen actually refers to a class of hormones. The Starting around age 8, the female body goes through key estrogen compounds are estradiol, estrone and natural hormonal changes that initiate the breast branch out from the areola, the colored part of the nipple. The starting point of the gland is the estriol. The majority of estrogen compounds are tissue to form and grow. During puberty, the ovaries produced within the ovaries, though small quantities expand causing progesterone and estrogen lactiferous sinus. are secreted from the adrenal glands. The placenta production to increase. The estrogen present in the Mammary glands are believed to be modified sweat and fat cells are created during pregnancy due to the body causes the cells that make up the breast to glands, and they are present in all mammals, influx of the estrogen hormone. grow; therefore, the breasts develop into fully females and males. Hormones present in the female functioning mammary glands by the end of puberty. body, progesterone and estrogen, initiate the growth Growth of Mammary Glands During pregnancy, mammary glands go through and branching of the gland. To date, these are the Men and women are both born with mammary only two hormones proven to promote the growth of changes initiated by the additional hormones. In the glands. However, mammary glands never start to first trimester, the areola darkens causing an breast cancer cells. form and branch in males due to the presence of increased production of progesterone and estrogen What is Progesterone? testosterone. Estrogen, on the other hand, promotes stimulating growth. During the second and third the mammary cells to grow and develop into full trimesters, the breasts are actually producing milk, Progesterone is a precursor hormone that initiates functioning glands. which increases the size of the breast. the production of other subsequent sex hormones. Progesterone and estrogen are female sex hormones The natural response of the mammary glands to Both estrogen and testosterone are among the sex that regulate the the growth of mammary glands. hormones that are affected by this initiation. progesterone and estrogen is to initiate immediate Progesterone initiates the production of four cell growth. When cancerous cells are multiplying, Studies show that naturally occurring progesterone hormones in the estrogen class. Estrogen initiates both progesterone and estrogen promote the growth does not increase your risk for breast cancer; the growth, division and branching of mammary of the malignant cells as well as healthy ones. however, synthetic progestins, like those found in gland cells. Thusly, the presence of progesterone and estrogen birth control pills, are thought to increase the risk inadvertently helps the cancer to grow. for cancer. Wednesday, December 19, 12
  • 11. Breast Cancer Awareness Wrap Up Implants that May Deter Cancer Unfortunately, for about one-in-five breast cancer According to Thomas Webster, associate professor survivors who have completed five years of of engineering and the corresponding author on the adjuvant therapy (additional treatment after surgery paper in Nanotechnology, the implant design can at to help prevent cancer from returning), breast cancer least decrease the cancerous cell functions without returns within 10 years of their treatment, notes the requiring the use of chemotherapeutics, radiation, or American Cancer Society. other processes. After one day, lab tests showed that the 23-nanometer-peak surfaces had a 15-percent But thanks to researchers at Brown University, decrease in the production of a protein (VEGF) breast reconstruction and treatment to inhibit breast upon which endothelial breast-cancer cells depend, cancer recurrence may be combined into one compared to an implant surface with no surface approach: a breast implant that may actually help modification, as well as 15 percent more healthy deter cancer cells from growing. The key lies in the endothelial breast cells compared to normal surface. surface of the implant, which was modified at the nanoscale (dimensions one-billionth of a meter, or Webster, who together with graduate student Lijuan 1/50,000th the width of a human hair) to create a Zhang conducted this study, will next investigate “bed of nails” surface. why the nanomodified surfaces deter malignant breast cells, create surface features that yield greater Because cancer cells are relatively stiff compared to results, and determine whether other materials can healthy cells, they are unable to wrap around the be used. bumpy surface of the implant. This reduces the blood-vessel architecture on which breast cancer The National Institutes of Health’s National Center tumors depend, while also attracting healthy for Research Resources and the Hermann endothelial cells for breast tissue. The implant is Foundation have funded this research. And, once made of 23-nanometer-diameter polystyrene beads FDA approval has been given for the implant, it can and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), a become the latest weapon in the fight against breast biodegradable polymer approved by the FDA used cancer. widely in clinical settings, which results in a surface covered with adjoining, 23-nanometer-high pimples. Wednesday, December 19, 12