definition and history of DE

1. Distance Education
and the Internet
TECH4101
Sara Alqassmi& Amina Almanwari
86416 & 86495
Instructional & Learning Technologies Department

2. Distance Education
and the Internet
TECH4101
Lecture One (Week 2)
Defining
Distance Education
Interactive Presentation

3. Defining Distance Education
Background:
1.The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century (see
Wikipedia) →
2.Developments in various fields of technology (give
examples) →
3.Offered new solutions for delivering instruction →
4.Learners’ interests (in what?) were enhanced →
5.Increase in the subject areas offered by distance
education →
6.Became one of the formal means of education.

4. Defining Distance Education
What is distance education or distance learning?
 Distance education is education which either does not imply the
physical presence of the teacher appointed to dispense it in the place
where it is received or in which the teacher is present only on occasion
or for selected tasks. (Loi 71.556 du 12 juillet 1971)
The term ‘distance education’ covers the various forms of study at all
levels which are not under the continuous, immediate supervision of
tutors present with their students in lecture rooms or on the same
premises, but which, nevertheless, benefit from the planning, guidance
and tuition of a tutorial organization. (Holmberg,1977:9)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0158791800010102#preview

5. Defining Distance Education
What is distance education or distance learning?
innovative approach for delivering well-designed, learner-
centered, interactive, and facilitated learning environment
to anyone, anyplace, anytime by utilizing the attributes and
resources of various digital technologies along with other
forms of learning materials suited for open, flexible and
distributed learning environment.

6. Defining Distance Education
 The delivery of instruction over a distance to
individuals located in one or more venues.
 The National Education Association (NEA)defines
distance learning as "courses where more than half
of the instruction taking place is when students and
faculty are in different locations.
http://mysite.du.edu/~kkeairns/de/Text/Lessons/Lesson1.pdf

7. Defining Distance Education
What is distance education or distance learning?
Distance education or distance learning is a field of education that
focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering
teaching, often on an individual basis, to students who are not
physically present in a traditional educational setting such as a
classroom. It has been described as "a process to create and provide
access to learning when the source of information and the learners are
separated by time and distance, or both." Distance education courses
that require a physical on-site presence for any reason (including
taking examinations) have been referred to as hybridor blended
courses of study.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education

8. History of Distance Education
1- The foundations of Distance Education can be traced
back to the late 1800's. One of the first forms of distance
education was correspondence course study. Sir Issac
Pittman founded Sir Isaac Pitman's Correspondence
Colleges in England in the mid 1840s. Correspondence
courses took advantage of the then new rural free delivery
of mail to deliver course material to students.

9. History of Distance Education
2- Students worked independently on course material and
interaction between faculty and students was limited to one-way
communications. Within a few decades, correspondence
courses were developed in Germany, Canada, Australia, the
Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States.
3- Early distance education courses employed First and Second
Generation communication technologies. First generation (1850s
to 1960) was predominately one technology and consisted of
print, radio, and television. As new media emerged such as
radio and television, these new technologies were integrated into
distance education delivery methods.

10. History of Distance Education
4- Second generation (1960-1985) distance learning
courses utilized multiple technologies without computers.
The media used to deliver distance education within the
second generation included audiocassettes, television,
videocassettes, fax, and print.
5- The establishment of the British Open University (1969)
marked a significant development in the delivery of
distance education by offering a mixed-media approach to
distance learning technologies. Learning materials (text,
audio & visuals) were sent to students by mail and
supplemented by broadcast radio and television.

11. History of Distance Education
6- Multiple technologies including computers and computer
networking make up the third generation (1985-1995)
technologies used for distance education delivery.
7- Fourth generation technologies, the current generation,
combines previous media but also incorporates high-
bandwidth computer technologies including:
• desktop videoconferencing
• two-way interactive real-time audio and video
• web-based media, etc.

12. History of Distance Education
8- Each new generation of distance learning technologies
increases opportunities for student-to-student and faculty-
to-student contact and collaboration.
http://mysite.du.edu/~kkeairns/de/Text/Lessons/Lesson1.pdf

13. Defining Distance Education
In conclusion, many key features characterize
distance education:
1. The separation of teacher and learner;
2. The separation among learners;
3. The use of one medium to deliver instruction;
and
4. The use of a communication channel to
facilitate interaction and support learners.

14. The End
Questions & Discussions