1. M2M Communications as Part of Wireless Sensor Networks
A Seminar Presented by :
Amir Mehdi Ahmadian
amir.ahmadiantehrani@tut.fi
Tampere University Of Technology (TUT), 19.04.13 , TB224 @ 14:15
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2. Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
M2M Application Categories
M2M System Architecture & Standards
M2M challenges and Future Developments
Conclusion
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3. 1. Introduction
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4. M2M: The Next Big Thing
Important historical events:
•
Early 1990s: digital technology drove deployment of Supervisory control and data acquisition systems
(SCADA) as industrial control system with multiple sites and large distances.
•
1995: Siemens set up a dedicated department inside its mobile phones business unit to develop and
launch a GSM data module called “M1”[7] based on the Siemens mobile phone S6 for M2M industrial
applications, enabling machines to communicate over wireless networks.
2000: the modules department formed a separate business unit inside Siemens called "Wireless
Modules" which in June 2008 became a standalone company .The first M1 module was used for early
point of sale (POS) terminals, in vehicle telematics, remote monitoring and tracking and tracing
applications.
•
•
2009 : AT&T and Jasper Wireless entered into an agreement to support the creation of M2M devices
jointly. They have stated that they will be trying to drive further connectivity between consumer
electronics and M2M wireless networks, which would create a boost in speed and overall power of such
devices.
•
2010: in the U.S., AT&T, KPN, Rogers, Telcel / America Movil and Jasper Wireless began to work
together in the creation of a M2M site, which will serve as a hub for developers in the field of M2M
communication electronics
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5. M2M: The Next Big Thing
Definition:
Information exchange between devices without any human interaction
(sensors,smart meters,…)
Is M2M hype or the future of our information society?
M2M in the context of the mobile Inernet has been a subject of intense discussion over
the past three years
Next technology revolution
after computer and The Internet
cautious with
wait-and-see
attitude
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6. M2M: The Next Big Thing
Predictions and statistics:
•
Revenues of US $300 billion [ Harbor Research 2009]
•
50 million connected devices by 2020 [AT&T] or only 100M
true M2M deployments exist today along with over 1
million innovators are working on smart devices [Intel]
•
Use of M2M devices will grow to 100 devices per person
[Wirefree at TIA 2012]
Big industry players (Ericson, Samsung, Alcatel-Lucent ,….)
Interest from governments world-wide (DOE,NIST, EPRI, …)
•
•
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7. M2M Market Growth
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8. M2M Market Growth
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9. M2M Market Growth
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10. M2M & IoT
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11. M2M & IoT
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12. M2M Trends
1. Device functionality and usage models
1.1.Indirect nodes and sensors : provide monitoring services , and
frequently use WPAN 802.11 wireless communication.
1.2. Direct nodes: operates in a stand-alone capacity to send & receive
data.
1.3. Gateways: aggregate data from indirect nodes and sensors and
deliver commands back using multiple radio technologies.
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13. M2M Trends
2. Innovative solutions from horizontal providers:
M2M Application Platforms (MAP) are enabling over-the-air provisioning and software
updates for devices as well as implementing the policy and security to protect data and
policy. Key functions are Dashboards, Enterprise connectivity , and Secure Remote Access.
3. Vertical markets are expanding :
Initial M2M deployments have been focused on the energy industry and smart meter
deployments. This has been accelerated by the European Commission mandates for
Smart Grid and Smart Metering technology. Video infotainment and auto telemetry are
growing markets. Industrial, building and home automation industries are expected to
begin deploying M2M as well. Another important vertical market is the medical
equipment industry where there will most likely be subset markets that deploy M2M;
for example in-home patient care versus in hospital care or assisted living options.
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14. M2M Trends
3. Vertical markets are expanding :
Initial M2M deployments have been focused on the energy industry and smart meter
deployments. This has been accelerated by the European Commission mandates for Smart
Grid and Smart Metering technology. Video infotainment and auto telemetry are growing
markets. Industrial, building and home automation industries are expected to begin
deploying M2M as well. Another important vertical market is the medical equipment
industry where there will most likely be subset markets that deploy M2M; for example inhome patient care versus in hospital care or assisted living options
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15. M2M Elements
3 key elements at the core of M2M:
1.Mobility:
the distribution and consumption model of these services
will primarily be mobile. so the need for a
platform and architecture to securely
mobilize the data into consumable consumer and
enterprise applications becomes critical.
2.Big Data:
connecting the physical world is creating a data exhaust of incredible volume. With the addition
of social channels like Facebook and twitter, the Big Data challenge must deal with unstructured
data in addition to the structured data generated by devices, sensors, and machines. the key
challenge is to convert this data into information and wisdom. This will require entirely new
software platforms, tools, and techniques, including in-memory analytics, device connectivity,
event-driven execution, and dynamic user experiences to enable this brave new world.
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16. M2M Elements
3.The Cloud:
Best developments of M2M communications to
manage hundreds of devices are implemented in
the cloud. This allows providers to manipulate
more effectively the knowledge derived from the
Big Data without extra infrastructure.
Communication solution providers (CPSs) are
positioned to take a leadership role in this
marketplace.
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17. 2.M2M Applications and Usage models
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18. M2M Applications
An increasingly useful way of assessing the market opportunities in M2M is by
categorizing M2M applications into three different types:
1.After Market :
category of applications usually involve retrofitting connectivity to products already installed
and working in the field, for example connecting vending machines and monitoring
environmental conditions. They tend to automate operations already running and are typically
introduced to gain operational cost savings. These applications occur in all business sectors
and require high levels of technical support to implement. As a result, they tend to be
relatively low to medium volumes and medium to high cost per unit.
2.Regulatory :
applications are created by the introduction of new regulations, usually associated with
particular applications. Road pricing for Heavy Goods Vehicles in Germany and congestion
charging in London are typical applications, as are smart metering applications in a growing
number of countries
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19. M2M Applications
An increasingly useful way of assessing the market opportunities in M2M is by
categorizing M2M applications into three different types:
3.Line Fit/OEM:
are most often driven by product manufacturers
, acting either in concert with partners or
on their own, to create new services opportunities
related to their products . These applications can
apply to almost any product in any sector,
so the opportunities are particular broad.
A classic example of this is OnStar Telematics
in the US.
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20. M2M Applications
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21. M2M Usage Models
1.Utilities (Smart Grids) :
Smart grid integrates communication capabilities with utility generation (e.g., electric power,
gas,water) and delivery infrastructure to automate monitoring and control. Significant savings
in resource consumption when utility supply is dynamically matched with demand like smart
metering, distribution network automation.
M2M-enabled smart meter : to collects utility usage information from home appliances via short-
range radio or a home area network.
The M2M aggregation device : collects information from many smart meters in
the area and sends the aggregated information to the M2M application server.
2.Vehicular Telematics :
Most vehicular M2M applications can be categorized into one of the following: safety and
security, Information and navigation, diagnostics, or entertainment. An example of a safety
and security service is Automatic Crash Notification. This service utilizes various crash sensors
on the vehicle to report the location and extent of damage to the vehicle in the event of a
crash.
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22. M2M Usage Models
3.Healthcare (M-Health) :
M-Health is a nascent market aimed at improving the quality of patient care and reducing
Healthcare costs like telemedicine to improve patient care by virtue of more accurate and
faster reporting of changes in the patient’s
physical condition,Or
remote patient monitoring
and care, wherein a patient
wears bio-sensors to record health
and fitness indicators such as blood pressure,
body temperature, heart rate , and weight.
These sensors forward their collected data
to an M2M device (e.g., a patient’s cellphone)
that acts as an information aggregator
And forwards the data to the M2Mapplication
server in the cloud.
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23. M2M Usage Models
4. Secured Access & Surveillance / Public safety
M2M applications meant to prevent theft of vehicles and insecure physical access into buildings. Buildings
and vehicles can be outfitted with M2M devices that forward data in real time to the M2M serve
whenever movement is detected. An alert signal can then be sent to the M2M user whenever car tampering
or building intrusion has occurred. M2M devices can also be configured to trigger M2Mequipped
Surveillance cameras to record and transmit video in real-time to the M2M server when movement is
detected.
5. Tracking, Tracing, and Recovery
Mainly related to services that rely on location-tracking information. For example, in order to
provide vehicular tracking services such as navigation, traffic information, road tolling,
automatic emergency call, pay as you drive, etc. tracking/tracing/recovery of animals,
persons, leisure vehicles (boats, RVs,etc.), construction equipment, plant machinery,
shipments, and fleet vehicles. WAN M2M services allow a company totrack its fleet, get
breakdowns of miles covered, analyze average speeds and
identify/respond to driver issues.
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24. M2M Usage Models
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25. 3. M2M Standards & Architecture
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26. Standards for M2M
Industry has become more active in standardizing M2M
Because of the market demand
Multitude of technical solutions result in slow development of M2M market
Cost-effective solutions
Essential for long term development of technology
For interoperability of networks
Ability to “roam” M2M services over international frontiers
Reduced complexity
Due to potentially heavy use of M2M devices and thus high loads onto
networks, interest from
ETSI TC M2M and recently oneM2M Partnership Project
3GPP (GSM, EDGE GPRS, UMTS, HSPA, LTE)
IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
The starting point is to have popular M2M applications identified and then
refine scenarios in each application to identify the areas needing standards.
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27. Examples: EU Mandates
European Commission Mandate 411
March 2009: to build standards for European smart meters, (electricity /
water / heat / gas) allowing interoperability and Consumer actual
consumption awareness. Reaching completion with a final set of standards
expected Q1 2013
European Commission Mandate 490
March 2011: to build standard European Smart Grids. Entering Phase 2, with
issues identified for Security and privacy of sensitive data – ICT standards
have been included in the list of referenced standards.
ETSI TC M2M is coordinating work inside ETSI and contributing to the mandates
M411 and M490.
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28. ETSI: TC M2M
2009: Technical Committee (TC) created for M2M service level standards
Mission: develop standards, identify gaps, and re-use existing standards
Very collaborative (e.g., with 3GPP, BBF, OMA, industry fora, etc.)
Participants: (2009 figures)
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29. ETSI: TC M2M Milestones
September 2010: 1st Workshop on M2M Communications
26-27 October 2011: 2nd Workshop on M2M. Agora, Sophia Antipolis
Present the M2M Release 1 Specifications
Future requirements for M2M standardization
Feedback from early M2M solutions
Published first release of M2M Standards in 20th February 2012
Press Release:
http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/NewsandEvents/2012_02_M2M_standards_release.aspx
23-25 October 2012: 3rd Workshop on M2M. Agora, Sophia Antipolis
M2M Release 2 Specifications and new use cases
12 demos onsite for early implementation of M2M standards (health /
energy / security application)
More info at: http://portal.etsi.org/m2m
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30. ETSI: TC M2M
Mission is to develop standards for M2M
Different solutions based on different technologies and standards can be
interoperable
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31. IoT/M2M Standards
31

32. IEEE – Embedded Standards
The IEEE usually standardizes
PHY layer of the transmitter
MAC protocol rules
The following IEEE standards are applicable to M2M
IEEE 802.11 (technology used by WiFi)
IEEE 802.15.1 (technology used e.g. by Bluetooth)
IEEE 802.15.4 (technology used e.g. by ZigBee and IETF 6LowPan)
IEEE 802.15.6 (technology used for medical applications)
IEEE 802.16.1 (successor of WiMAX/WiBro for M2M)
Some facts and comments
ultra-low power (ULP) IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) is competing … but to be
seen
IEEE 802.15.4 was dormant and only with .15.4e seems to become viable
low power IEEE 802.11 solutions are becoming reality?
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33. IEEE 802.15.4 for M2M
Task Group 4: Low-rate WPAN
Wireless Personal Area Network
IEEE 802.15.4-2003 (Low Rate WPAN) deals with
Low data rate but very long battery life (months or even years) and very
low complexity
The first edition of the 802.15.4 standard was released in May 2003
Several standardized and proprietary networks (or mesh) layer protocols run
over 802.15.4-based networks, including
IEEE 802.15.5, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, etc.
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34. IEEE 802.15.4 Amendments for M2M
Three amendments wrt M2M
MAC Amendment for Industrial Applications (4e)
Performed by Task Group 4e The intent of this amendment is to enhance
and add functionality to the 802.15.4-2006 MAC to Better support the
industrial markets Permit compatibility with modifications being proposed
within the Chinese WPAN Specific enhancements were made to add channel
hopping and a variable time slot option
These changes were approved in 2011
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35. IEEE 802.15.4 Amendments for M2M
Three amendments wrt M2M
PHY and MAC Amendment for Active RFID (4f)
Performed by IEEE 802.15.4f Active RFID System Task Group
Define new wireless Physical layer(s) and correspondent enhancements to
the 802.15.4-2006 MAC For active RFID System bi-directional and location
determination applications.
PHY Amendment for Smart Utility Network (4g)
Performed by EEE 802.15.4g Smart Utility Networks (SUN) Task Group
Defines PHY amendment to 802.15.4
To provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process
control applications such as the utility smart-grid network capable of
supporting large, geographically diverse networks with minimal
infrastructure, with potentially millions of fixed endpoints
Recently new 802.15.4g standard has been released
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36. IETF Standards
Internet Engineering Task Force
not approved by the US government; composed of individuals, not
companies
General scope of IETF
above the wire/link and below the application
however, layers are getting fuzzy -> challenge
Traditional IETF protocols are not suitable for embedded networks
Solution -> design new protocols taking into account layer-2 protocols (IEEE)
Same people -> IETF developments pertinent to Capillary M2M
6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low power WPAN)
ROLL (Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks)
CORE (Constrained RESTful Environments)
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37. 6LoWPAN Characteristics
A simple low throughput wireless network comprising typically low
cost and low power devices
IPv6 for very low power embedded devices using IEEE 802.15.4 at
PHY and MAC Devices typically send small amounts of data.
Typically constrained devices (computing, power, cost, memory, etc)
Small packet size.
16-bit short or IEEE 64-bit extended media access control addresses
Low bandwidth - 250/40/20 kbps
Topologies include star and mesh
Networks are ad hoc & devices have limited accessibility and user
interfaces
Inherently unreliable due to nature of devices in the wireless
medium
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38. IETF 6LoWPAN Typical Architecture
Sensors and meters - Divided to subcategories
Smart grid
Environmental/Agricultural Monitoring
Industrial Process Automation Attributes
Indoor Healthcare System
Healthcare/Fitness
Home/Building Automation/Control
Temperature Sensor Network
Backhaul Sensor and meter data
Backhaul link for 15.4g
Backhaul for industrial process automation
Extended range Wi-Fi
Outdoor extended range hotspot
Outdoor Wi-Fi for cellular traffic offloading
Requirements for these uses cases are totally different!!!
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39. 6LoWPAN vs WiFi for Capillary M2M at
54Mbps
“Low-power Wi-Fi provides a
significant improvement over
typical Wi-Fi on both latency and
energy consumption counts”
“LP-Wifi consumes approx the same
as 6LoWPAN for small packets but is
much better for large packets”
© IEEE, from “Feasibility of Wi-Fi Enabled Sensors for Internet of
Things,” by Serbulent Tozlu
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40. M2M-Related Standardization Bodies
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41. M2M System Architecture
41

42. M2M System Architecture
42

43. M2M and WSN Architecture
Convergence
43

44. 4. M2M challenges and Future
Developments
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45. M2M Challenges
• Cost of mass provisioning
• Standards, Architecture, & Interoperability
• Ability to scale
• Agility & Time to market
• Security: protecting sensitive data
• Maturity of applications/solutions
• Integration with IT Systems
• Profitable business models
• Fragmented supply chain and ecosystems
• Innovation/R&D
• Marketing/Education/Awareness
• change in customer service paradigm
• Standards and technologies are in development
45

46. M2M;from connecting everybody to
connecting everything!
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47. M2M;from connecting everybody to
connecting everything!
47

48. M2M ; road to reality
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49. M2M ; road to reality
49

50. M2M Added Values
WSN brings :
•Improve quality of M2M based business processes results in cost
reduction
• energy efficiency
•Scalability in both size and functionality
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51. M2M Added Values
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52. 4. Conclusion
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53. Conclusion
• M2M presents both challenges and opportunities to the industry.
• Two things are needed for the embedded Internet vision to materialize:
the development of new technologies that scale with the growth of M2M
markets, and a broad standardization effort in system interfaces, network
architecture, and implementation platforms.
• M2M brings operate efficiency, enabling new business models , improving
customer models, complying to legislation and standards eventually lead to
sustainability
•M2M is highly dependent on Wireless sensor networks both architectural ,
technological points of view along with standardization
53

54. References
•Geng Wu, Shilpa Talwar, Kerstin Johnsson, Nageen Himayat, and Kevin D. Johnson. 2011, M2M:
From Mobile to Embedded Internet,IEEE Communications Magazine
• Vangelis Gazis, Konstantinos Sasloglou, Nikolaos Frangiadakis and Panayotis Kikiras, 2012.
Wireless Sensor Networking, Automation Technologies and Machine to Machine Developments
on the Path to the Internet of Things. 16th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics.
•Beecham Research Group, December 2011, M2M Market Dynamics , http://bog.m2mapps.com
•Duke-Woolley Robin, Founder & CEO, Beecham Research.Nov 2012, Global Deployments
Become Reality. http://blog.m2mzone.com/m2m/2010/04/
54

55. References
•Lawton G., Sep 2004, Machine-To-Machine Technology Gears Up for Growth, IEEE Computer
Society Magazine
• Zhang J., Shan L., Hu H., Yong Y., March 2012, Mobile Cellular Networks and Wireless Sensor
Networks: Toward Convergence, SIMIT Chinese Academy of Science.
•Uliyar S., Feb 2013. Beyond Connectivity ; A Guidebook for Monetizing M2M in a Changing
World SAP AG Magazine pp-2-13
•Morrish J. , Feb 2013 , M2M: The great challenge of vertical markets , M2M CeBIT 2013 Session
2 Presentation
• Duke-Woolley R., Nov 2012 , Session 2: M2M Stands the Revenue Model on its Head, M2M
Zone Conference
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56. Upcoming event:
CTIA 2013
May 21-23
Las Vegas, NV
Your contacts at
Thank You!
amir.ahmadiantehrani@tut.fi
http://ahmadiantehrani.com
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